Anti-yuppie graffiti criticizing the gentrification of Austin, Texas

Yuppie, short for "young urban professional" or "young upwardly-mobile professional",[1][2] is a term coined in the early 1980s for a young professional person working in a city.[3] The term is first attested in 1980, when it was used as a fairly neutral demographic label, but by the mid-to-late 1980s, when a "yuppie backlash" developed due to concerns over issues such as gentrification, some writers began using the term pejoratively.

History

Something is occurring in Chicago ... Some 20,000 new dwelling units have been built within two miles of the Loop over the past ten years to accommodate the rising tide of "Yuppies"—young urban professionals rebelling against the stodgy suburban lifestyles of their parents. The Yuppies seek neither comfort nor security, but stimulation, and they can find that only in the densest sections of the city.

Dan Rottenberg (1980)[4]

The first printed appearance of the word was in a May 1980 Chicago magazine article by Dan Rottenberg. Rottenberg reported in 2015 that he did not invent the term, he had heard other people using it, and at the time he understood it as a rather neutral demographic term. Nonetheless, his article did note the issues of socioeconomic displacement which might occur as a result of the rise of this inner-city population cohort.[5]

The term gained currency in the United States in March 1983 when syndicated newspaper columnist Bob Greene published a story about a business networking group founded in 1982 by the former radical leader Jerry Rubin, formerly of the Youth International Party (whose members were called "yippies"); Greene said he had heard people at the networking group (which met at Studio 54 to soft classical music) joke that Rubin had "gone from being a yippie to being a yuppie". The headline of Greene's story was "From Yippie to Yuppie".[6][7][8] East Bay Express humorist Alice Kahn elaborated on the concept in a satirical piece published in June 1983, further popularizing the term.[9][10]

The proliferation of the word was affected by the publication of The Yuppie Handbook in January 1983 (a tongue-in-cheek take on The Official Preppy Handbook[11]), followed by Senator Gary Hart's 1984 candidacy as a "yuppie candidate" for President of the United States.[12] The term was then used to describe a political demographic group of socially liberal but fiscally conservative voters favoring his candidacy.[13] Newsweek magazine declared 1984 "The Year of the Yuppie", characterizing the salary range, occupations, and politics of "yuppies" as "demographically hazy".[12] The alternative acronym yumpie, for young upwardly mobile professional, was also current in the 1980s but failed to catch on.[14]

In a 1985 issue of The Wall Street Journal, Theressa Kersten at SRI International described a "yuppie backlash" by people who fit the demographic profile yet express resentment of the label: "You're talking about a class of people who put off having families so they can make payments on the SAABs ... To be a Yuppie is to be a loathsome undesirable creature". Leo Shapiro, a market researcher in Chicago, responded, "Stereotyping always winds up being derogatory. It doesn't matter whether you are trying to advertise to farmers, Hispanics or Yuppies, no one likes to be neatly lumped into some group."[12]

In 1989, rock artist Tom Petty used the term in the song "Yer So Bad", in the line "My sister got lucky, married a yuppie".[15]

The word lost most of its political connotations and, particularly after the 1987 stock market crash, gained the negative socio-economic connotations that it sports today. On April 8, 1991, Time magazine proclaimed the death of the "yuppie" in a mock obituary.[16] In 1989, MTV hosted the Foreclosure on a Yuppie contest to celebrate the end of the 1980s.[17]

The term experienced a resurgence in usage during the 2000s and 2010s. In October 2000, David Brooks remarked in a Weekly Standard article that Benjamin Franklin – due to his extreme wealth, cosmopolitanism, and adventurous social life – is "Our Founding Yuppie".[18] A recent article in Details proclaimed "The Return of the Yuppie", stating that "the yuppie of 1986 and the yuppie of 2006 are so similar as to be indistinguishable" and that "the yup" is "a shape-shifter... he finds ways to reenter the American psyche."[19] In 2010, right-wing political commentator Victor Davis Hanson wrote in National Review very critically of "yuppies".[20]

Usage outside the United States

"Yuppie" was in common use in Britain from the early 1980s onward (the premiership of Margaret Thatcher) and by 1987 had spawned subsidiary terms used in newspapers such as "yuppiedom", "yuppification", "yuppify" and "yuppie-bashing".[21]

A September 2010 article in The Standard described the items on a typical Hong Kong resident's "yuppie wish list" based on a survey of 28- to 35-year-olds. About 58% wanted to own their own home, 40% wanted to professionally invest, and 28% wanted to become a boss.[22] A September 2010 article in The New York Times defined as a hallmark of Russian "yuppie life" the adoption of yoga and other elements of Indian culture such as their clothes, food, and furniture.[23]

See also

References

  1. ^ Algeo, John (1991). Fifty Years Among the New Words: A Dictionary of Neologisms. Cambridge University Press. p. 220. ISBN 0-521-41377-X.
  2. ^ Childs, Peter; Storry, Mike, eds. (2002). "Acronym Groups". Encyclopedia of Contemporary British Culture. London: Routledge. pp. 2–3.
  3. ^ "yuppie, n.". Oxford English Dictionary. Archived from the original on December 21, 2021. Retrieved May 20, 2016.
  4. ^ Seemann, Luke (June 3, 2015). "Chicago's Yuppie Turns 35. Do We Celebrate Yet?". Chicago. Archived from the original on December 28, 2021. Retrieved August 14, 2019.
  5. ^ Rottenberg, Dan (May 1980). "About that urban renaissance.... there'll be a slight delay". Chicago Magazine. p. 154ff. Archived from the original on December 21, 2021. Retrieved May 26, 2015.
  6. ^ Budd, Leslie; Whimster, Sam (1992). Global Finance and Urban Living: A Study of Metropolitan Change. Routledge. p. 316. ISBN 0-415-07097-X.
  7. ^ Hadden-Guest, Anthony (1997). The Last Party: Studio 54, Disco, and the Culture of the Night. New York: William Morrow. p. 116.
  8. ^ Shapiro, Fred R. (Summer 1986). "Yuppies, Yumpies, Yaps and Computer". American Speech Vol. 61, No. 2. JSTOR 455160. Archived from the original on March 29, 2023. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  9. ^ Clarence Petersen. (March 28, 1986). "The Wacky Side of Chicago-born, Berkeley-bred Alice Kahn –". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on November 8, 2012. Retrieved April 22, 2013.
  10. ^ Finke, Nikki (May 11, 1987). "Claimed Creator of 'Yuppie' Comes to Terms with 'Gal'". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on December 21, 2021. Retrieved September 30, 2020.
  11. ^ "Living: Here Come the Yuppies!". TIME.com. January 9, 1984. Archived from the original on April 8, 2008. Retrieved February 4, 2016.
  12. ^ a b c Burnett, John; Alan Bush. "Profiling the Yuppies". Journal of Advertising Research. 26 (2): 27–35. ISSN 0021-8499.
  13. ^ Moore, Jonathan (1986). Campaign for President: The Managers Look at '84. Praeger/Greenwood. p. 123. ISBN 0-86569-132-0.
  14. ^ "Here Comes the Yumpies". TIME.com. March 26, 1984. Archived from the original on February 4, 2016. Retrieved February 4, 2016.
  15. ^ Tom Petty – Yer So Bad, archived from the original on February 5, 2021, retrieved December 22, 2020
  16. ^ Shapiro, Walter (April 8, 1991). "The Birth and – Maybe – Death of Yuppiedom". Time. Archived from the original on October 13, 2007. Retrieved April 28, 2007.
  17. ^ Blisten, Jon (May 8, 2019). "Pink Houses, Yuppie Scum and Beastie Boy Kidnappings: Relive MTV's Most Insane Contests". Archived from the original on April 15, 2023. Retrieved April 15, 2023.
  18. ^ Brooks, David (October 23, 2000). "Our Founding Yuppie". The Weekly Standard. Archived from the original on June 22, 2011. Retrieved August 21, 2010.
  19. ^ Gordinier, Jeff. "The Return of the Yuppie". Details. Archived from the original on March 7, 2012. Retrieved August 15, 2010.
  20. ^ Victor Davis Hanson (August 13, 2010). "Obama: Fighting the Yuppie Factor". National Review. Archived from the original on December 29, 2017. Retrieved August 16, 2010.
  21. ^ Algeo, John; Algeo, Adele S. (July 30, 1993), Fifty Years Among the New Words: A Dictionary of Neologisms 1941–1991, Cambridge University Press, p. 228, ISBN 978-0-521-44971-7
  22. ^ Wong, Natalie (September 8, 2010). "Homes, cash top fairy tales on yuppie wish list". The Standard. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved September 26, 2010.
  23. ^ Kishkovsky, Sophia (September 14, 2010). "Russians Embrace Yoga, if They Have the Money". The New York Times. Archived from the original on August 14, 2017. Retrieved February 28, 2017.

Further reading

External links

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