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((refimprove|date=May 2018))
((use dmy dates|date=June 2020))
'''ZZ dibosons''' are rare pairs of [[Z boson]]s. They were first observed by the experiments at the [[Large Electron–Positron Collider]] (ALEPH, [[DELPHI]], L3 and OPAL). The first observation in a hadron collider was made by the scientists of [[DØ experiment|DØ collaboration]] at [[Fermilab]].

==Discussion==
[[File:ZZproduction.webp|thumb|Feynman diagrams for important contributions to ZZ production.
Diagrams can be distinguished as those involving the H boson (top) and those that give rise to continuum-ZZ production (bottom) which interact destructively with each other. <ref>((Cite journal |last1=Tumasyan |first1=A. |last2=Adam |first2=W. |last3=Andrejkovic |first3=J. W. |last4=Bergauer |first4=T. |last5=Chatterjee |first5=S. |last6=Damanakis |first6=K. |last7=Dragicevic |first7=M. |last8=Del Valle |first8=A. Escalante |last9=Frühwirth |first9=R. |last10=Jeitler |first10=M. |last11=Krammer |first11=N. |last12=Lechner |first12=L. |last13=Liko |first13=D. |last14=Mikulec |first14=I. |last15=Paulitsch |first15=P. |date=4 July 2022 |title=Measurement of the Higgs boson width and evidence of its off-shell contributions to ZZ production |journal=Nature Physics |language=en |volume=18 |issue=11 |pages=1329–1334 |doi=10.1038/s41567-022-01682-0 |arxiv=2202.06923 |bibcode=2022NatPh..18.1329C |s2cid=253098437 |issn=1745-2481|doi-access=free ))</ref>]]
ZZ dibosons  are [[force carrier|force-carrying particles]] observed as products of [[proton]]–[[antiproton]] collisions at the [[Tevatron]], the world's second highest-energy [[particle accelerator]] (after the [[CERN]] [[Large Hadron Collider]]). The first observation of the ZZ dibosons was announced at a Fermilab seminar on 30&nbsp;July 2008.<ref>
((cite press release
 |publisher=[[Fermilab]]
 |date=30 July 2008
 |title=Prelude to the Higgs: A work for two bosons in the key of Z
 |url=http://www.fnal.gov/pub/presspass/press_releases/Dzero_zzdiboson.html
 |access-date=2009-09-24
))</ref>

The rarest diboson processes after ZZ dibosons are those involving the [[Higgs boson]], so seeing ZZ diboson is an essential step in demonstrating the ability to see the Higgs boson. ZZ dibosons are the latest in a series of observations of pairs of [[gauge bosons]] (force-carrying particles) by DØ and its sister experiment [[Collider Detector at Fermilab|CDF]] (also at Tevatron).

Final analysis of the data for this discovery was done by a team of international researchers including scientists of American, Belgian, British, Georgian, Italian, and Russian nationalities. The observations began with the study of the already-rare production of [[W boson]]s plus [[photon]]s (((nowrap|W<sup>±</sup> + γ))); then Z bosons plus photons (((nowrap|Z<sup>0</sup> + γ))); then observation of W pairs (((nowrap|W<sup>±</sup> + W<sup>∓</sup>))); then a mix of W and Z boson (((nowrap|W<sup>±</sup> + Z<sup>0</sup>))). The ZZ (((nowrap|Z<sup>0</sup> + Z<sup>0</sup>))) is the combination which has the lowest predicted likelihood of production in the [[Standard Model]] due to the smaller couplings.

==See also==
*[[Dineutron]]
*[[Diproton]]
*[[Pauli exclusion principle]]
*[[Higgs boson]]
*[[List of particles]]

==References==
((reflist))
==External links==
* ((cite web |url=http://delphiwww.cern.ch/delfigs/events/events.html |title=Event displays |department=DELPHI Experiment at LEP |publisher=[[CERN]] |date=October 25, 2002))
* ((cite web |url=http://l3.web.cern.ch/l3/scan_program/scan_prog.html |title=Event displays |department=L3 Experiment at LEP |publisher=[[CERN]] |date=July 18, 2000))
* ((cite press release |url=http://www.fnal.gov/pub/presspass/press_releases/Dzero_zzdiboson.html |title=D-Zero ZZ Diboson |publisher=Fermilab |date=July 30, 2008))
* ((cite web |url=http://www.fnal.gov/pub/presspass/images/DZero-zz-pairs.html |title=D-Zero ZZ pairs |series=Photos and graphics |publisher=Fermilab |date=July 30, 2008))
* ((cite web |url=http://www.iop.org/EJ/article/1742-6596/110/4/042026/jpconf8_110_042026.pdf?request-id=4d62d747-c371-437b-911a-dcf443de878d |title=Diboson Physics at CDF |first=Anna |last=Sfyrla ))

((DEFAULTSORT:Zz Diboson))
[[Category:Bosons]]
[[Category:Electroweak theory]]
((particle-stub))

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