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((Short description|Historical region in central Ukraine))
((about|the historical region|the modern administrative division|Zaporizhzhia Oblast|other regions|Zaporizhzhia (disambiguation)))
((Infobox settlement
| name                    = Zaporizhzhia
| native_name             = 
| other_name              = 
| settlement_type         = [[Ukrainian historical regions|Historical region]]
| image_skyline = ((Photomontage
| color = #ffffff
| photo1a = Вулиця Велика Перспективна P1480857 Кропивницький.jpg((!))Kropyvnytskyi town center
| photo1b = Пр-т Соборний (Леніна), 41 IMG 7255 stitch.jpg((!))Zaporizhzhia Musical and Drama Theatre
| photo2a = Спасо-Преобаженский собор , пл. Соборная -4137.jpg((!))Transfiguration Cathedral in Dnipro
| photo2b = Скелі МОДРу Кривий Ріг 30.jpg((!))Rocks of MODR nature reserve
| spacing = 2
| border = 0
| size = 260
))
| image_caption = ((hlist|From top, left to right: [[Kropyvnytskyi]] town center|[[Zaporizhzhia]] Musical and Drama Theatre|[[Transfiguration Cathedral, Dnipro]]|Rocks of MODR nature reserve))
| image_flag              = 
| image_shield            = Herb Viyska Zaporozkogo Nyzovoho (Alex K).svg
| etymology               = Beyond the Dnieper's rapids
| subdivision_type        = Countries
| subdivision_name        = Ukraine<br>Russia
| subdivision_type1       = 
| subdivision_name1       = 
| subdivision_type2       = Regions
| subdivision_name2       = Eastern Ukraine<br> Southern Ukraine<br>Southern Russia
| parts_type              = Parts
| parts_style             = para
| p1                      = [[Dnipropetrovsk Oblast]]
| p2                      = [[Kirovohrad Oblast]]
| p3                      = [[Zaporizhzhia Oblast]]
| p4                      = [[Donetsk Oblast]]
| p5                      = [[Luhansk Oblast]]
| p6                      = [[Kherson Oblast]]
| p7                      = [[Mykolaiv Oblast]]
| p8                      = [[Rostov Oblast]]
| image_map               = Ukraine-Zaporozzhya.png
| map_caption             = Zaporizhzhia (yellow) in modern Ukraine
| coordinates             = ((coord|display=title,inline))
| coordinates_footnotes   = 
| seat                    = Zaporizhian Sich
| seat_type               = Capital
| seat1                   = [[Dnipro]]
| seat1_type              = Largest city
| area_footnotes          = 
| area_total_km2          = 
| area_total_sq_mi        = 
| area_land_sq_mi         = 
| area_water_sq_mi        =
| elevation_footnotes     = 
| elevation_m             = 
| elevation_ft            = 
| population_as_of        = 
| population_footnotes    = 
| population_total        = 
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_density_sq_mi=
| population_demonym      = 
| timezone1               = 
| utc_offset1             = 
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| footnotes               = 
))
((History of Ukraine))
'''Zaporizhzhia''' or '''Zaporozhzhia''' (((lang-uk|Запоріжжя|translit=Zaporizhzhia))) is a historical region in central east [[Ukraine]] below the [[Dnieper River]] [[rapids]] (((lang-uk|пороги|translit=porohy))), hence the name, literally "(territory) beyond the rapids".

From the 16th to the 18th centuries the Zaporizhzhia region functioned as semi-independent quasi-republican [[Cossack]] territory centred on the [[Zaporizhian Sich]]. Sometimes the region is referred to as ''Zaporizhian Sich'' as well. Zaporizhzhia corresponds to modern [[Dnipropetrovsk Oblast]], major parts of [[Zaporizhzhia Oblast|Zaporizhzhia]] and [[Kirovohrad Oblast]]s, as well as parts of [[Kherson Oblast|Kherson]] and [[Donetsk Oblast]]s of Ukraine.

==Names==
The region was officially known as '''Free lands of the Lower Zaporizhzhia Host''' (((lang-uk|Вольності Війська Запорозького Низового)), ((lang-pl|Zaporoże; Dzikie Pola)) ([[Wild Fields]] or Wild Plain), ((lang-ru|Запоро́жье|Zaporož'je))). Among other names, it was called as [[Wild Fields]], [[Novorossiya]] (in Russia), and others.((citation needed|date=January 2018))

==Origin==
During the 1667 [[truce of Andrusovo]], the region was under the condominium of both the [[Tsardom of Muscovy]] and the [[Kingdom of Poland]], and in 1686, with the signing of the [[Treaty of Perpetual Peace (1686)|Treaty of Perpetual Peace]], it passed under Russian suzerainty. In the 1750s, the Russian authorities sanctioned the establishment of [[New Serbia (historical province)|New Serbia]] as a [[Military occupation|military frontier]] in the northwestern portion of the region, right on the border with the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]]. Just before the [[Koliyivshchyna]], the Russian authorities created [[Novorossiya Governorate]], centered on [[Kremenchuk]], which included territories of New Serbia, [[Slovianoserbia]], and northern parts of the Zaporizhzhian region.

== History ==
((more citations needed section|date=January 2018))
[[File:Wilhelm Hondius Bohdan Chmielnicki.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Bohdan Khmelnytsky as "Zaporohscensis Prefect" (1651)]]
Zaporizhzhia was the name of the territory of the Cossack state, the [[Zaporozhian Host]], whose fortified capital was the [[Zaporizhian Sich]]. From the 15th century to the late 17th century it was fought over by [[Grand Duchy of Moscow|Muscovy]], the [[Crown of the Kingdom of Poland|Polish Kingdom]] and the [[Ottoman Empire]], as well as by the Hetmans of [[Dnieper Ukraine|Upper Ukraine]] (after 1648). For most of that time it was technically controlled by Poland, but it was rarely peaceful, and was widely regarded (from the perspective of the claimant governments) as turbulent and dangerous, the refuge of outlaws and bandits. In the eyes of the vast majority of the Ukrainian people, however, it was a promised land of heroes and free men (as later described in the poetry of Taras Shevchenko). In addition to many invasions by neighbouring countries, inhabitants of the Zaporozhe had to deal with an influx of new settlers from all directions and conflicts between the [[szlachta]] (Polish nobility) and independent [[Cossack]]s, who enjoyed a kind of autonomy in the region. Further, Cossacks often raided the nearby rich lands of the Ottoman Empire, retaliating for the constant slave raids of the Tatars against Ukrainian territories as far west as Galicia, in return provoking raids by Ottoman [[vassal]]s, the [[Tatar]]s.
[[File:1750 Zaporozh.png|thumb|Zaporizhzhia in 1760]]

The more independent Army of Lower Zaporozhia was centered at the Old Sich (''Stara Sich''). In 1709, Tsar [[Peter I of Russia|Peter I]] ordered the destruction of the Old Sich, forcing the Zaporozhian Cossacks to flee to [[Oleshky]], on the Black Sea in Ottoman territory. In 1734, the Russians allowed the Cossacks to re-establish their republic as the Free Lands of the Zaporozhian Host, based at the New Sich (''Nova Sich''), but brought in many foreign settlers, and destroyed the Sich for good in 1775, incorporating the territory into [[New Russia]].

In the population Zaporizhzhia lands in the late 1970s to early 1980s of the XVIII century after [[Zaporozhian Sich|liquidation Zaporozhian Sich (1775)]] ([[:uk:Ліквідація Запорозької Січі (1775)|uk]]) prevailed Ukrainians. In 1779, they accounted for 64.36% of the total population of this region. On the second the place among others ethnic group was occupied by the Greeks (13.76%), followed by Armenians (10.61%) and Russian (8.09%).<ref>((cite book|title=Заселение Новороссии (Екатеринославской и Херсонской губерний) в XVIII — первой половине XIX в. (1719—1858 гг.)|author=Vladymyr Kabuzan |author-link=:ru:Кабузан, Владимир Максимович|publisher=[[Nauka (publisher)|Nauka]]| year=1976| pages=133))</ref>

== Economy ==
Some historians estimate, that an average peasant's hut did not last over 10 years.<ref name=podh148-150>[[Leszek Podhorodecki|Podhorodecki, Leszek]] (1978). ''Stanisław Koniecpolski ok. 1592–1646''. Wydawnictwo Ministerstwa Obrony Narodowej. P.148-150</ref> In the years 1605–1633, for example, [[Red Ruthenia]]n lands suffered 100,000 people taken captive by the Ottomans, and 24,000 dead; in the first half of the 17th century, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, controlling Zaporizhzhia, lost approximately 300,000 of people due to the Ottoman raids.<ref name=podh148-150/>

==Legacy==
It was after this region, a city of [[Zaporizhzhia]] received its name in 1921 previously known as ''Aleksandrovsk''.

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Postcard Zaporizhzhia (V.A.Svitlychnyi).jpg|Zaporizhzhia - [[Malorossiya]]  (Little Russia) (postcard)
File:Aleksandrovsk.jpg|A view of Alexandrovsk at the end of the 19th century.
</gallery>

== See also ==
* [[Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks]]
* [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth#Voivodships of Lesser Poland]]
* [[Dmytro Yavornytsky]], historian of the Zaporozhian Cossacks.
* [[Cossack with musket]]

==Notes==
<!--See https://web.archive.org/web/20091027041339/http://geocities.com/skrzydla/ for an explanation of how to generate footnotes using the <ref(erences/)> tags-->
((Reflist))

==External links==
((Commons category|Zaporozhzhia))
* [http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/pages/Z/A/ZaporizhiaThe.htm Zaporizhia] at the [[Encyclopedia of Ukraine]]
* Mytsyk, Yu. ''[http://resource.history.org.ua/cgi-bin/eiu/history.exe?Z21ID=&I21DBN=EIU&P21DBN=EIU&S21STN=1&S21REF=10&S21FMT=eiu_all&C21COM=S&S21CNR=20&S21P01=0&S21P02=0&S21P03=TRN=&S21COLORTERMS=0&S21STR=Volnosti_Vijska Free lands of the Zaporizhian Host, the Lower]''. Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine.

((Ukrainian historical regions))
((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Zaporizhia (Region)))
[[Category:Zaporizhzhia (region)| ]]
[[Category:Historical regions in Ukraine]]

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