.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important))You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Russian. (March 2024) Click [show] for important translation instructions. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Russian Wikipedia article at [[:ru:Зарайск]]; see its history for attribution. You should also add the template ((Translated|ru|Зарайск)) to the talk page. For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.
Zaraysk
Зарайск
Town[1]
Zaraysk Kremlin
Zaraysk Kremlin
Flag of Zaraysk
Flag
Coat of arms of Zaraysk
Coat of arms
Location of Zaraysk
Map
Zaraysk is located in Russia
Zaraysk
Zaraysk
Location of Zaraysk
Zaraysk is located in Moscow Oblast
Zaraysk
Zaraysk
Zaraysk (Moscow Oblast)
Coordinates: 54°46′N 38°53′E / 54.767°N 38.883°E / 54.767; 38.883
CountryRussia
Federal subjectMoscow Oblast[1]
Administrative districtZaraysky District[1]
TownZaraysk[1]
First mentioned1146
Town status since1778
Government
 • BodyCouncil of Deputies[2]
Area
 • Total20.5 km2 (7.9 sq mi)
Elevation
160 m (520 ft)
Population
 (2010 Census)[3]
 • Total24,645
 • Density1,200/km2 (3,100/sq mi)
 • Capital ofZaraysky District,[1] Town of Zaraysk[1]
 • Municipal districtZaraysky Municipal District[4]
 • Urban settlementZaraysk Urban Settlement[4]
 • Capital ofZaraysky Municipal District,[4] Zaraysk Urban Settlement[4]
Time zoneUTC+3 (MSK Edit this on Wikidata[5])
Postal code(s)[6]
140600–140603
Dialing code(s)+7 49666
OKTMO ID46616101001
Websitezarrayon.ru

Zaraysk (Russian: Зара́йск) is a town and the administrative center of Zaraysky District in Moscow Oblast, Russia, located about 162 kilometers (101 mi) southeast from Moscow. Population: 24,645 (2010 Census);[3] 25,093 (2002 Census);[7] 26,958 (1989 Census).[8]

Geography

The town stands on the right bank of the Osyotr River, which is a right confluent of the Oka.

History

In the Middle Ages, the town belonged to the Princes of Ryazan and was known as Krasnoye (13th century) and Novogorodok-upon-the-Osyotr (14th and 15th centuries). From 1528 onwards, the town was called "the town of Nikola Zarazsky" and only by the beginning of 17th century it received its present name of Zaraysk. Before the 20th century, the town was a part of Ryazan Governorate and its architecture and vernacular dialect seem closer to Ryazan than to Moscow.[9]

In the Grand Duchy of Moscow, Zaraysk was one of the fortresses forming a part of the Great Abatis Border, a fortified line of felled trees, barricades, fortresses, ditches, which were built by Russians as a protection against the hordes of the Crimean and Kazan Tatars. In 1531, a stone kremlin was built in place of the former wooden citadel. The Tatars failed to take the fortress during their raids in 1533, 1541, and 1570. It was briefly captured by the Lisowczycy during the Time of Troubles.

The brick-and-limestone kremlin in Zaraysk still stands and is kept in a rather good condition. The citadel is very small and has a rectangular shape, with only six towers, two of which are pierced by the gates.

Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Zaraysk serves as the administrative center of Zaraysky District.[1] As an administrative division, it is incorporated within Zaraysky District as the Town of Zaraysk.[1] As a municipal division, the Town of Zaraysk is incorporated within Zaraysky Municipal District as Zaraysk Urban Settlement.[4]

Economy

Zaraysk is an industrial center of the district, with printing, building materials, foodstuff, and footwear industries.

Transport

Bus line from Moscow, jorney time is 2:30 at 2024.[10]

Zaraysk has a freight railway branch Lukhovitsy - Zaraysk.[11] It was built almost immediately after the construction of the main line through Lukhovitsy, in 1870. Passenger service was closed in 1969. In the 2020s, the line still used for occasional freight trains.

Sights

The main tourist attraction is a traditional Russian citadel known as the Zaraysk Kremlin. There are five churches in Zaraysk, the oldest of which is St. Nicholas Cathedral, consecrated in 1681. The downtown also has a traditional covered market, or Gostiny Dvor.

Archaeology

Near the kremlin wall is an Upper Paleolithic site associated with the Gravettian culture. It first attracted attention when a bison figurine dated 22000 BP was found there.[12] By 2008, many other artefacts were found, including:[13][14]

  1. A mammoth's rib with drawings on them which are thought to be the images of three mammoths.
  2. A small bone having an ornament of X-shaped patterns on it.
  3. Two figurines of humans, presumably of women.
  4. A piece with a conical shape made of a mammoth's bone. The upper part of the cone has been cut, it has a hole in the centre and many patterns. The purpose of this object is not known.

Sister cities

References

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Resolution #123-PG
  2. ^ "Главная". Администрация городского округа Зарайск Московской области (in Russian). Retrieved October 6, 2022.
  3. ^ a b Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
  4. ^ a b c d e Law #63/2005-OZ
  5. ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
  6. ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
  7. ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
  8. ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
  9. ^ See ru:Рязанская группа говоров for details.
  10. ^ "Расписание транспорта Москва — Автовокзал Зарайск: автобусы". Яндекс Расписания (in Russian). Retrieved January 26, 2024.
  11. ^ "Волшебная сила зарайской ветки" [Magic power of Zaraisk branch]. Gudok (in Russian) (published August 7, 2009). 2009. p. 6.
  12. ^ Anati, Emmanuel (February 8, 2016). Intellectual and Spiritual Expression of Non-Literate Peoples: Proceedings of the XVII UISPP World Congress (1–7 September, Burgos, Spain): Volume 1 / Session A20. Archaeopress Publishing Ltd. ISBN 978-1-78491-282-6.
  13. ^ "Венеры каменного века найдены под Зарайском". Membrana.ru (in Russian). December 2, 2008. Archived from the original on February 11, 2019. Retrieved June 19, 2023.
  14. ^ Amirkhanov, Hizri; Lev, Sergey (December 1, 2008). "New finds of art objects from the Upper Palaeolithic site of Zaraysk, Russia". Antiquity. 82 (318). Cambridge University Press (CUP): 862–870. doi:10.1017/s0003598x00097635. ISSN 0003-598X. S2CID 159681849.

Sources

Further reading

External links

Administrative divisions of Moscow Oblast
Historical towns and monasteries of the former Principality of Moscow
Categories