From the 2006 population census, Zaria was estimated to have 736,000 people.[2] It is home to the Emir of Zazzau.
History
Guard at the palace of the emir
Zaria, initially known as Zazzau, was the capital of the Hausa kingdom of Zazzau.[3] Zazzau is thought to have been founded in or about 1536 and in the late 16th century it was renamed after Queen
it was named after Queen Amina sister, Zaria.[4] Human settlement predates the rise of Zazzau, as the region, like some of its neighbors, had a history of sedentary Hausa settlement, with institutional market exchange and farming.
Zaria was the most southern of the Hausa city-states. It was a trading destination for Saharan caravans as well as a prominent city in the Hausa slave trade. In the late 1450s, Islam arrived in Zaria by the way of its sister Habe cities, Kano and Katsina. Along with Islam, trade flourished between the cities as traders brought camel caravans filled with salt in exchange for slaves and grain. The city-state's power peaked under Queen Amina whose military campaigns established a tributary region including the kingdoms of Kano and Katsina. At the end of the 16th century, after Queen Amina's death, Zaria fell under the influence of the Jukun Kingdom and eventually became a tributary state itself.[3] Between the fifteenth and sixteenth century the kingdom became a tributary state of the Songhai Empire. In 1805 it was captured by the Fulani during the Fulani Jihad. British forces led by Frederick Lugard took the city in 1901.[5]
Emir of Zazzau AMB. Alh. Ahmed Nuhu Bamalli
A French hostage of the Islamist group Ansaru, held captive at Zaria,[6] escaped in 2013 and reached a police station in the city.
In December 2015, Nigeria's military was reported to have killed 300 Shia Muslims and buried their bodies in a mass grave. Although the government denies the event, it has been described as a massacre.[7]
Cityscape
Children playing in one of the streets of Zaria
The old part of the city, known as Birnin Zazzau[8] or Zaria City, was originally surrounded by walls and fortress, which have been mostly removed.[9] The Emir's palace is in the old city. In the old city and the adjacent Tudun Wada neighbourhood people typically reside in traditional adobe compounds. These two neighborhoods are predominantly occupied by the indigenous Hausa.[8]
There is great variety in the architecture of Zaria, with buildings made of clay in the Hausa style juxtaposed with modern, multi-storied university and government buildings.[4]
Silk-cotton tree is one of the largest trees in Zazzau emirate generally and the tree has played an important role in the spiritual and economic lives of the peoples who live in Zaria especially people of Anguwan Kahu who makes Kahu for the Emirs, district heads, ward heads and village heads. silk-cotton-tree-scientific-name-is-ceiba-pentandra-under-blue-sky.
Anguwan Kahu was known to be a place of business where it use cotton to make local mattresses, pillows, Horse shirts etc.
Wakilin Kahu Zazzau is the head of Anguwan Kahu people and their representative at the emir's palace.
The ward of Anguwan Liman is located north of the Zaria palace.[citation needed][10]
Gates In Zaria
kofan Doka
Kofan Bai
Kofan Jatau
Kofan Galadima
kofan Gayan
Kofan Kibo
Kofan Kuyambana
Kofan Kona
Transport and economy
Zaria's economy is primarily based on agriculture. Staples are guinea corn and millet. Cash crops include cotton, groundnuts and tobacco.[3] Not only is Zaria a market town for the surrounding area, it is the home of artisans from traditional crafts like leather work, dyeing and cap making, to tinkers, printshops and furniture makers.[8] Zaria is also the center of a textile industry that for over 200 years has made elaborately hand-embroidered robes that are worn by men throughout Nigeria and West Africa.[11]
Zaria City Road, Kaduna
Because Zaria is north of the rail junction at Kaduna, it has equal rail access to the seaports at Lagos and Port Harcourt. However, only the railway between Lagos and Kano is functional, as the eastern line of Nigeria's rail network is not operational. This means that Zaria currently has rail access to Lagos and Kano to the north but not Port Harcourt.[12][13]
Zaria is home to Ahmadu Bello University, the largest university in Nigeria and the second largest on the African continent. The institution is very prominent in the fields of Agriculture, Science, Finance, Medicine and Law.[15] The school is known for the large number of elites from the region that passed through its academic buildings and counts among its alumni five who were Nigerian heads of state, including the late president Umaru Musa Yar'Adua.[16]
Zaria is also the base for the Nigerian College of Aviation Technology,[17] National Research Institute for Chemical Technology,[18] Nigerian Army Depot,[19] Nigerian Military school, Bassawa Baracks, Federal college of Education Zaria.[20] Some historic secondary schools in the adjoining town of Wusasa, where the former Head of the Federal Military Government Yakubu Gowon resides are the St. Bartholomew's School and Science School Kufena, formerly known as St. Paul's College, also MAISS-GIWA a school established by The Emir of Zazzau Dr. Shehu Idris is situated there. Barewa College (formerly Katsina middle school) and Alhudahuda college are other famous secondary schools in the city.[21]
Traditional festivals
Durber celebration in Zaria 2021
Zaria is among the northern cities that celebrates the annual cultural durbar festivals in Nigeria.[2] The festival is celebrated twice a year which marks the end of Ramadan and also coinciedes the Muslim festivals of eid al adha and eid al fitri respectively.[11] In Zaria the festival is celebrated in phases. The first day, known as Hawan sallah, consists of the eid prayers and the subsequent tour by the emir around the city from the eid ground to his palace in the company of District heads and the royal guards, while the second day known as Hawan Bariki sallah and so the third day known as Hawan Daushe is the for the last tour by the Emir around the city for the festival.[7][12]
A 2019 study of air pollution in Zaria found that pollution concentrations were within the expected national standards for air pollution.[24]
Land use
Zaria's geography and previous land use meant that much of the city's historical land cover was barren.[25] A 2020 study found that barren land decreased from 1990 to 2020 while built environment increased 66 percent and vegetative land increased by 29%.[25] Vegetation had been decreasing from 1990 to 2005, but the study area found a dramatic increase due to agriculture and reforestation afterwards.[25] Predictive modeling based on local policy and urban development trends suggested that increase in urban and vegetative land cover would continue through 2050.[25]
Water supply and sanitation
Water provided to the city comes from Kaduna State Water Board.[26] As of 2012, the city of Zaria had 30% access to clean water supply.[26] The African Development Fund issued funding for an expansion project in 2013 for 100 million dollars of $480 million.[26][27] The project had problems with some of its local contractors, resulting in the African Development Bank banning four companies from further participating in bank funding projects.[28] As of August 2020, 60% of water in the system was unaccounted for because of illegal connections, poor metering practices, and poor maintenance.[28]
Yusuf Datti Baba-Ahmed, a vice president of the Labour party, Senator for Kaduna North from 2011 to 2012 and member of the House of Representatives from 2003 to 2007
Ahmed Nuhu Bamalli a current emir of Zazzau. He was former ambassador of Nigeria to Thailand with concurrent accreditation with Myanmar.
Nuhu Bamalli, minister of foreign affairs in the first republic, author, state commissioner, former businessman. The state polytechnic is named after him.
^ abcGihring, Thomas (1984). "Intraurban Activity Patterns among Entrepreneurs in a West African Setting". Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography. 66 (1): 19–20. doi:10.2307/490525. JSTOR490525.
^Usman, Suleiman (2007). History of Birnin Zaria from 1350 -2902. Zaria -Kaduna: Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. p. 280.
^ abMaiwada, Salihu and Renne, Elisha P. (2007) "New Technologies of Embroidered Robe Production and Changing Gender Roles in Zaria, Nigeria, 1950–2005" Textile History 38(1): pp. 25-58, page 25
Nigeria
