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((Short description|Technology hub in Haidian District, Beijing, China))

((infobox Chinese
|order=st
|s=中关村
|t=中關村
|p=Zhōngguāncūn
|mi=((IPAc-cmn|zh|ong|1|g|uan|1|c|un|1))
))
[[File:Zhongguancun from Huangzhuang North Footbridge (20201214122926).jpg|thumb|A view of Zhongguancun, including Zhongguancun street and plaza.]]

'''Zhongguancun''' ([[Simplified Chinese characters|Chinese]]: 中关村) is a major technology hub in the [[Haidian District]], [[Beijing]], [[China]].

Zhongguancun occupies a band between the northwestern [[3rd Ring Road (Beijing)|Third Ring Road]] and the northwestern [[4th Ring Road (Beijing)|Fourth Ring Road]] in the northwestern part of Beijing. Zhongguancun is sometimes known as [[List of technology centers#Places with "Silicon" names|China's Silicon Valley]]. The place is also the center of [[Beijing-Tianjin-Shijiazhuang Hi-Tech Industrial Belt|the Beijing-Tianjin-Shijiazhuang Hi-Tech Industrial Belt]].

==History==
((more citations needed section|date=March 2020))
[[File:中关村广场西南景致.jpg|left|thumb|upright|The southwest landscape of Zhongguan plaza.]]
((details|topic=the early history of the area|Haidian District))

[[Chen Chunxian]] envisioned Zhongguancun, which then became a well-known technology hub 30 years later. Chunxian, a member of the [[Chinese Academy of Sciences]] (CAS), conceived of a Silicon Valley in China following a government-sponsored trip to Boston and [[Silicon Valley]], United States.<ref>((Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DGCGBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA69|title=Historical Dictionary of Science and Technology in Modern China|isbn=9780810878556|last1=Sullivan|first1=Lawrence R.|last2=Liu-Sullivan|first2=Nancy Y.|date=19 March 2015|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield ))</ref>

Zhongguancun became known as "Electronics Avenue" (((zh|s=电子一条街|t=電子一條街|p=Diànzǐ Yītiáojiē))) in the early 1980s, due to its information technology markets along a central, crowded street.<ref>"Shengwu, Chen. "[https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA372621.pdf Bright Prospects for Civilian-Run Scientific and Technological Undertakings]." ''[[Red Flag (magazine)|Red Flag]]''. No.4, Pp.27-29. 16 February 1988 ((ISSN|0441-4381)) (Translated to English via "[[JPRS]] Report—China")</ref>

Zhongguancun was recognized by the central government of China in 1988, and officially named "Beijing High-Technology Industry Development Experimental Zone". In 1999, Zhongguancun became the "Zhongguancun Science & Technology Zone" with seven parks: Haidian, Fengtai, Changping, Electronics City (in Chaoyang), Yizhuang, Desheng, and Jianxiang. The original Zhongguancun became known as the Haidian Park of the Zhongguancun Zone.<ref>((cite web |url=https://media.touristtube.com/best-travel-images/Beijing-city--markets--streets-and-lifestyl?id=Rj1XA6xQ |title=Beijing City Markets Streets Rj1xa6xq Tourist Tube |website=media.touristtube.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709174627/https://media.touristtube.com/best-travel-images/Beijing-city--markets--streets-and-lifestyl?id=Rj1XA6xQ |archive-date=2020-07-09)) </ref>
[[File:中关村科技园全景图.jpg|thumb|Panorama of tech hub.]]

==Notable education and research centers==
Zhongguancun has an association with China's two most prestigious universities, [[Peking University]] and [[Tsinghua University]], along with [[Beijing Normal University]] and the [[Chinese Academy of Sciences]], all of which are in close proximity.<ref>((Cite web |date=2020-09-25 |title=Beijing, the seat of science capital |url=https://www.nature.com/nature-index/news/beijing-china-seat-of-science-research-capital |access-date=2023-07-15 |website=Nature Index |language=en))</ref> 

Secondary schools in Zhongguancun include [[Affiliated High School of Peking University]] and [[High School Affiliated to Renmin University of China]].

==Government infrastructure==
The [[Zhongguancun Administrative Committee]] oversees the city.<ref>((Cite web |url=http://www.chinalawandpractice.com/Article/1694377/Search/Beijing-Municipality-Administration-Committee-of-Zhongguancun.html?Keywords=import&OrderType=1&PageMove=52 |title=Beijing Municipality, Administration Committee of Zhongguancun Science and Technology Park, Reiteration of the Relevant Preferential Policies Available in the Zhongguancun Science and Technology Park Circular / 北京市中关村科技园区管理委员会关于重申中关村科技园区有关优惠政策的通知 - China Law & Practice |access-date=2020-05-15 |archive-date=2012-02-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120225062545/http://www.chinalawandpractice.com/Article/1694377/Search/Beijing-Municipality-Administration-Committee-of-Zhongguancun.html?Keywords=import&OrderType=1&PageMove=52 |url-status=dead ))</ref>

The [[State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs]] (SAFEA) has its headquarters in Zhongguancun.<ref>[http://www.safea.gov.cn/ Home]. [[State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs]]. Retrieved on July 12, 2017. "邮编：100873 地址：北京中关村南大街一号5号楼 "</ref>

==Notable companies and landmarks==
[[File:Haidian Huangzhuang North Footbridge (20201213125527).jpg|thumb|The sculpture ''Life'' south of Haidianhuangzhuang North footbridge]]
[[File:20030511021028 - 中关村.jpg|thumb|Inside the Hailong market building.]]
[[Hailong Market]], [[Guigu Market]], [[Taipingyang Market]], [[Dinghao Market]] and [[Kemao Market]] are prominent IT and electronics technology bazaars, noted for "shops with a shop", where bargaining is the norm.<ref name="travel">((cite web |title=Zhongguancun, China's Silicon Valley |url=http://www.china.org.cn/english/travel/51023.htm))</ref> According to the 2004 Beijing Statistical Yearbook, there were over 12,000 high-tech enterprises operating in Zhongguancun's seven parks, with 489,000 technicians employed.((citation needed|date=May 2020))

The most notable companies that grew up in Zhongguancun are [[Stone Group]], [[Founder Group]], Glodon and [[Lenovo Group]], each founded from 1984 to 1985. Stone was the first successful technology company to be operated by private individuals outside of the government of China. Founder is a technology company that spun off [[Peking University]]. Lenovo Group spun off from [[Chinese Academy of Sciences]] with [[Liu Chuanzhi]], a hero of Zhongguancun and current chairman, eventually taking the helm. Lenovo purchased IBM's PC division for $1.75 billion in 2005, making it the world's third-largest PC maker. Both Founder and Lenovo Group maintain strong connections to their academic backers, who are significant shareholders.

Many world-renowned technology companies built their Chinese headquarters and research centers in Zhongguancun Technology Park, such as [[Google]], [[Intel]], [[AMD]], [[Oracle Corporation]], [[Motorola]], [[Cogobuy|Cogobuy Group]],<ref>((Cite web|url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/beijing/2015-10/20/content_22232458.htm|title=IngDan opens Beijing smart product experience center|website=www.chinadaily.com.cn|access-date=2019-02-01))</ref> [[IBM]],<ref>((Cite web|url=http://social.techcrunch.com/2011/12/27/geeks-guide-china-silicon-valley/|title=A Geek's Guide to China's Silicon Valley|website=TechCrunch|language=en-US|access-date=2019-02-01))</ref> [[myspace|MySpace]], [[Sony]], [[Samsung|Solstice]]<!--now part of Samsung-->, Glodon and [[Ericsson]]. [[Microsoft]] has built its Chinese research headquarters in the park that costs $280 million and can accommodate 5000 employees, which was completed in April, 2011, and now houses Microsoft Research Asia.<ref>((cite web |url=http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/labs/asia/ |title= Microsoft Research Asia))</ref>

The development center of [[Loongson]], which is China's first general-purpose [[microprocessor]] design, is also in the Zhongguancun area.<ref>[http://www.ict.ac.cn/english/contact/channel/2455.shtml Institute Of Computing Technology Chinese Academy Of Sciences] ((webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090919125039/http://www.ict.ac.cn/english/contact/channel/2455.shtml |date=September 19, 2009 ))</ref>

[[Everbright International]] has its Beijing office in the Beijing International Building (北京国际大厦) in Zhongguancun.<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.ebchinaintl.com/en/global/contact.php|title=Contact Us|publisher=[[Everbright International]]|access-date=2019-03-04|quote=Flat 1603, Block B, Beijing International Building, No. 18, Nanda Street Jia, Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing, PRC)) - [https://www.ebchinaintl.com/tc/global/contact.php Traditional Chinese address]: "  北京市海澱區中關村南大街甲18號北京國際大廈B座1603室" - [https://www.ebchinaintl.com/sc/global/contact.php Simplified Chinese address]: "北京市海淀区中关村南大街甲18号北京国际大厦B座1603室"</ref>

Many conferences are held in this location, including the annual [[ChinICT]] conference - which is the largest Information technology Development and Entrepreneurship event in China.((citation needed|date=May 2020))

A frequent tourist destination is the [[Haidian Christian Church]], designed by Hamburg-based architects [[Gerkan, Marg and Partners]].<ref>[http://www.arch-times.com/2010/05/22/zhongguancun-christian-church-gmp-architekten/ Zhongguancun Christian Church]</ref>

<gallery mode="packed" heights="180px">
File:Central Beijing2.jpg|Near to [[Tuspark]]
File:Central Beijing4.jpg|Offices of [[Microsoft]], [[Sohu]]
File:Central beijing.jpg|
</gallery>

==Transportation==
[[File:中关村地铁出口街景2.jpg|thumb|near the subway station of Zhongguancun]]
[[Beijing Subway]] [[Line 4, Beijing Subway|Line 4]] runs through the Zhongguancun area with stops at [[Zhongguancun Station]] and [[Haidianhuangzhuang Station]].  Haidianhuangzhuang is also a transfer station with [[Line 10, Beijing Subway|Line 10]].  In addition, Zhongguancun is served by many of [[Beijing Bus|Beijing's buses]].

==See also==
*[[List of technology centers]] around the world
*[[China Beijing Equity Exchange]]
*[[China Milan Equity Exchange]]
* [[Zhongguancun Administrative Committee]]
* [[Zhongguancun Subdistrict]]

==Further reading==

*((cite journal |last1=Liang |first1=Sisi |title=Physical Planning Strategies of National High-Technology Industrial Development Zones in China |journal=Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations |date=16 May 2011 |pages=61–99 |url=https://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1476&context=edissertations/ |access-date=27 February 2021 |format=PhD thesis))
*((cite web |title=中关村国家自主创新示范区_中关村科技园区管理委员会_示范区介绍 |url=http://zgcgw.beijing.gov.cn/zgc/zwgk/sfqgk/sfqjs/index.html |website=zgcgw.beijing.gov.cn |access-date=27 February 2021))

==References==
((Reflist|30em))

==External links==
((Commons category|Zhongguancun))
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20081013194200/http://japanfocus.org/products/details/2661 Article with photos of Zhongguancun's development since the 1980s]
*[http://www.china.org.cn/english/NM-e/103601.htm Obituary for Chen Chunxian]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20051124190010/http://www.zgc.gov.cn/english/pages/approachingpages/9.htm Zhongguancun Management Committee]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20051024000414/http://www.zgc.gov.cn/english/pages/approachingpages/1.htm Zhongguancun Parks]
*[http://www.china.org.cn/english/travel/51023.htm Travel Introduction to Zhongguancun]
*[http://www.nbcnews.com/id/7915125 Michael Rogers MSNBC Article on Zhongguancun]
*[http://www.hilon.com.cn/ Hilon Market Building (in Chinese) ]

((Haidian District))
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((coord|39|58|52|N|116|18|32|E|display=title|region:CN_type:landmark_source:dewiki))

[[Category:Zhongguancun| ]]
[[Category:Economy of Beijing]]
[[Category:Haidian District]]
[[Category:Science parks in China]]
[[Category:Information technology places]]
[[Category:Neighbourhoods of Beijing]]
[[Category:Township-level divisions of Beijing]]

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