Zhongzhou Reef / Ban Than Reef

Disputed reef
Zhongzhou Reef
Zhongzhou Reef / Ban Than Reef
Other names	Zhōngzhōu jiāo (中洲礁) (Chinese) Bãi Bàn Than (Vietnamese)
Geography
Location	South China Sea
Coordinates	10°23′10″N 114°24′49″E / 10.38611°N 114.41361°E / 10.38611; 114.41361
Archipelago	Spratly Islands
Length	100 m (300 ft)
Width	100 m (300 ft)
Administration
Taiwan [1][2]
Municipality	Cijin, Kaohsiung
Claimed by
China
City	Sansha, Hainan
Philippines
Municipality	Kalayaan, Palawan
Taiwan
Municipality	Cijin, Kaohsiung
Vietnam
Province	Khánh Hòa

Zhongzhou Reef or Ban Than Reef ^[3] (Chinese: 中洲礁; pinyin: Zhōngzhōu Jiāo; Vietnamese: Bãi Bàn Than), is a small coral reef on the north edge of the Tizard Bank in the Spratly Islands, South China Sea under administration by the Republic of China (Taiwan) . It lies 4.6 km (2.9 mi) east of Taiwan-administered Taiping Island (Itu Aba), 7.2 km (4.5 mi) west of Vietnam-administered Sand Cay,^[4] and has an exposed area of approximately 0.2 hectares (0.49 acres) during high tide, and 0.6 hectares (1.5 acres) during low tide.^{[dubious – discuss][citation needed]} It consists of an accumulation of seashells, sand, coral reefs and debris which forms a circular coral reef plate, surrounding the reef under the water, with a diameter of approximately 1.3 km (0.8 mi).^{[citation needed]}

The reef is also claimed by the People's Republic of China, the Philippines, and Vietnam.

As many as 51 species of migratory birds inhabit the reef for short stays. The surrounding waters contain a rich marine ecosystem with plentiful staghorn coral. Shellfish species such as Harpago chiragra and Cassis cornuta can be found on the reef, and the surrounding waters contain various common tropical fish and coral reef fish. The reef geology is not suitable for plant growth.^{[citation needed]}

The reef has no groundwater source. Though currently uninhabited by humans, the Taiwanese Coast Guard sends regular patrols via M8 speedboats from nearby Taiping Island. These patrols circle the reef, in addition to landing, making inspections and carrying out ecological surveys.^{[citation needed]} The Vietnam People's Navy also sends patrols from nearby Sand Cay.

Recent history

The reef was included within the area claimed by China in 1935, and this claim was reiterated in a map published in 1947.^[6]

Scientists from Taiwan conducted ecological research on green turtles living on the reef from 2002 to 2003.^{[citation needed]}

On 16 August 2003, the Taiwanese Minister of the Interior Yu Cheng-hsien visited the reef, travelling via M8 speedboat, and planted a Taiwanese flag in a declaration of sovereignty. On 28 March 2004, the Taiwanese Coast Guard Administration completed the construction of wooden observation kiosks on the reef.^{[citation needed]} In September 2010, the ROC Environmental Protection Agency conducted environmental quality sampling intending on monitoring reef marine water quality.^[7]

On 22 March 2012, a routine patrol of the Taiwanese Coast Guard came into contact with Vietnamese patrol boats near the reef; following the incident, Taiwanese legislators Lin Yu-fang, Chen Zhenxiang and Chen Zhankai visited the reef by M8 speedboats.^{[citation needed]}