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Zichia
Адзыгъуэй (Adyghe)
???–c. 1500
Map showing Zichia.
Map showing Zichia.
Common languagesCircassian
Religion
Government
• c. 100s
c. 400s
c. 500s 668–960
c. 700s–800s
c. 800s–900s
c. 960s–1000s
c. 1000s–1022
c. 1200s
c. 1200s–1237
1237–1239
c. 1330s
c. late 1300s
c. 1427–1453
c. 1453-c. 1470s
c. 1470s
c. 1530s–1542
Stachemfak
Dawiy
Bakhsan Dawiqo
Lawristan
Weche
Hapach
Rededya
Abdunkhan
Tuqar (Tukar)
Tuqbash
Ferzakht (Verzacht)
Berezok
Inal the Great
Belzebuk
Peterzeqo (Petrezok)
Kansavuk
History 
• Established
???
• Disestablished
c. 1500
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Zygii
Maeotians
Circassia
Circassians
Part of a series on the
Circassians
Адыгэхэр
Arrows in the Circassian flag
List of notable Circassians
Circassian genocide
Circassian diaspora
Circassian tribes

Surviving

Destroyed or barely existing

Religion
Religion in Circassia
Languages and dialects
History
Show
Culture

Zichia[a] (/ˈzɪkiə/; Adyghe: Адзыгъуэй) was the predecessor of Circassia and a medieval kingdom on the northeastern shore of the Black Sea, inhabited by Circassians.[1]

History

The exact borders of the kingdom is unknown. According to the 10th-century Byzantine emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos (r. 913–959), it lay south of Tamatarcha (Tmutorokan), separated from it by the river Oukrouch (possibly to be identified with the Kuban River), and had a city called Nikopsis.[2] According to a legend about a visit of the Apostle Andrew there, it lay between Abasgia (Abkhazia) and the Cimmerian Bosporus (Strait of Kerch).[2]

In historical sources, the area first appears in the 6th century, when the Byzantine historian Procopius of Caesarea (Wars, VIII.4.2) records that the people of the Zechoi used to have a king appointed by the Roman Emperor, but that they had since become independent.[2] The Notitiae Episcopatuum of the Patriarchate of Constantinople mention an autocephalous archbishopric of Zichia from the 7th century on, associated with Tamatarcha or the Cimmerian Bosporus.[2]

At the time of Constantine VII, Byzantine dealings with the area were carried out by the inhabitants of Cherson.[2] In the 11th century, the Byzantines may have established control over the region, as attested by the seal of a Michael, "archon of Zichia, Khazaria, and Gothia", but this is disputed among modern scholars. In the 12th century, Emperor Manuel I Komnenos (r. 1143–1180) used the title "emperor of Zichia, Khazaria, and Gothia", but it is unclear to which extent this claim corresponded to reality.[2]

In the 13th century, the area was visited by Hungarian and Italian travellers, who called it Sychia (and other variants thereof). These travellers located Matrica (Tmutorokan) within Sychia.[2]

Known rulers

See also

Notes

  1. ^ This word is of Greek origin. The original Greek word is Ζιχία /zi.ˈçi.a/. In English, it can also be spelt as Zekchia.[citation needed]

References

  1. ^ a b Колли Л. Кафа в период владения ею банком св. Георгия (1454—1475) // Известия Таврической Ученой Архивной комиссии. № 47. Симферополь, 1912. С. 86
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Pritsak 1991, pp. 2226–2227.
  3. ^ D, S. Çerkes Krallar, Hükümdarlar "In the 3rd and 4th centuries AD, the Goths settled in the north of the Black Sea. There were constant wars with the Circassian kingdoms. Prince Baksan, one of the 8 sons and eldest of King Daw, was one of the rare leaders who made his mark in the wars against the Goths, was one of the rare leaders to whom a statue was erected, and died with his eighty warriors in a war against the Goths, in which his 7 brothers joined him."
  4. ^ Natho, Kadir. Ancient Circassian History
  5. ^ Zenkovsky, Sergei A. Medieval Russia’s Cronicles, 58-59
  6. ^ Рашид ад-Дин. Сборник летописей. М.-Л., 1952. Т. 2. С. 39
  7. ^ L.I. Lavrov. “Kuzey Kafkasya’da Moğol İstilası”
  8. ^ Kressel R. Ph. The Administration of Caffa under the Uffizio di San Giorgio. University of Wisconsin, 1966. P. 396
  9. ^ Мальбахов Б. К. "Кабарда на этапах политической истории (середина XVI — первая четверть XIX века), Москва, из-во «Поматур», 2002 г. ISBN 5-86208-106-2, ст. 212

Further reading

Categories