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Yankuna masu yawan jama'a | |
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Kameru da Najeriya |
Mutanen Mandara ko Wandala ko kuma Mandwara kungiyar kabila ce dake Tsakiyar Afurka wacce ake samunsu a yankin arewacin Kamaru da sashin arewa maso gabashin Najeriya, da kuma kudu maso gabashin Chadi.[1] Suna magana da harshen Wandala wanda ke daga cikin reshen yarukan Chadi na Afro-Asiatic da ake samu a yankunan arewa maso gabashin Afurka.[2]
Babu tsayayyen labari akan asalinsu. Suna rayuwa a yankin tsaunuka da kwari dag arewacin Kogin Benue na kasar Kamaru, kuma sun dade da zama sashen Masarautar Musulunci na Mandara.[3] Yankin ta fuskanci cinikayyar bayi da kuma fataucin sashin sahara na Afurka har zuwa karni na 19.[4] An san mutanen Mandara da kwarewa a fannin tseren dawaki da kuma sarrafa karafuna,[5] da al'ummarta dake zamantakewa cikin tsari.[6][7][8]
Mutanen Mandara sun samo asaline daga Daular Mandara, wanda Kuma ke zaune a yankin Tsaunin Mandara, na arewacin Kamaru da kuma iyakar ta na kuma arewa maso gabashin Najeriya a tsakanin Kogin Benue da Mora, Kamaru.[1][9]
Babu takamaiman labari akan kafuwarsu, wani labari na baka na cewa sun fara ne da wani Sarki Agamakiya a karni na 13, wanda ya jagorance su a yayinda ake kawo masu hari daga Sahel. Sun amshi addinin musulunci na Sunni a lokacin mulkin Sultan Bukar Aaji a cikin shekarun 1720s. Wani labarin ya sanar cewa Wandala Mbra ta samo asali ne daga 'ya'yan Mbra na Turu da Katala, diyar Vaya, ya amshi musulunci a dalilin haka ya kafa kungiya ta kabilar musulmai.[9] Wata kila an sauya wadannan labarai a lokacin da masu jihadi na Fulani suka mamaye yankin Mandara, kama bayi, da sauran kabilu.[3]
Masana tarihi na musulunci sun lissafo mutanen Mandara, amma basu bada cikakken bayani akan asalin su ba. Wata majiyar daga Fartuwa ta ayyana cewa a da ba musulmai bane, sun musulunta ne a karni na 16. Wata majiya kuma ta sanar cewa, sarkin garin ne ya gayyaci wasu mutanen Fas na Morocco, don su zauna dashi. Sai ya karbi musulunci, suka koya masa da mutanensa al'adun musulmai kaman kaciya, sallah, zakkah, azumi a karni na 18.[3] Acikin karni na 18 da na 19, arna sun zagaye yankin Mandara, kuma sune tushen cinikayyar bayi da kai hare-hare dan daukan bayi da kuma Ayarin bayi na Afurka.[4]