Toka
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	by-product (en) , mixture (en) , residue (en) da material (en)
Kayan haɗi	oxide (en) da carbonate (en)
By-product of (en)	combustion (en)

Toka sune dasasshen ragowar gobara . Musamman, ash yana nufin duk maras ruwa-ruwa, maras gaseous sharan cewa zama bayan da wani abu konewa . A hikimar tantance sunadarai, don nazarin ma'adinai da karfe abun ciki na sinadaran da samfurori, ash ne maras gaseous, maras ruwa saura bayan cikakken konewa.

Toka kamar yadda karshen samfurin na bai cika konewa su ne mafi yawa ma'adinai, amma yawanci har yanzu dauke da wani adadin combustible kwayoyin ko wasu oxidizable sharan. Mafi sanannun nau'in toka shine toka na itace, azaman kayan ƙone itace a cikin wuta, murhu, da dai sauransu. Da duhun itacen toka, mafi girman abin da ya rage na gawayi daga ƙonewar da bai cika ba. Toka iri-iri ne. Wasu toka suna ƙunshe da mahaɗan ƙasa waɗanda suke sa ƙasa ta yi ni'ima. Wasu da sinadaran mahadi da cewa zai iya zama mai guba amma na iya karya up a gona daga sunadarai canje-canje da kuma kananan kwayoyin aiki.

Kamar sabulu, toka shima wakili ne na kashe kwayoyin cuta (alkaline ). ^[1] Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta ba da shawarar toka ko yashi a matsayin madadin lokacin da ba a samu sabulu ba. ^[2]

Faruwar yanayi

Toka na faruwa ne ta ɗabi'a daga kowace wuta da take ƙone ciyayi — wanda walƙiya, aikin dutsen mai fitarwa, ko wasu matakai suka tsara. Daga baya toka na iya watsewa a cikin ƙasa don ya zama mai dausayi, ko kuma zai iya kasancewa a daddafe a ƙarƙashin ƙasa na dogon lokaci — har ma ya isa ya zama kwal .

Iri

• Tokar itace
• Samfuran ƙone kwal
  • Toka a ƙasa
  • Tashi toka, samfurin gawayi
  • Iska, toka daga ƙurar shara ta birane^{[ana buƙatar hujja]}
• Sigari ko sigarin sigari
• Ashunƙarar da ƙonewa a ƙasa, wani nau'i na toka da aka samar a cikin ƙona wuta
• Toka da busassun guntun ƙasusuwan jiki, ko "konewa", hagu daga ƙonewa
• Tokar Volcanic, toka wacce ta kunshi gilashi, dutsen, da sauran ma'adanai wadanda suke bayyana yayin fashewa, kasa mai baki wacce ta samu ne sakamakon dutsen da dutsen ya yi kuma ta hada da toka da sauran abubuwa masu karfin wuta.

Duba kuma

• Cinereous, wanda ya kunshi toka, mai launin ash ko mai kama da toka
• Potash, kalma ce mai yawan amfani da gishiri mai amfani wanda aka samo asali daga tokar shuke-shuke, amma a yau galibi ana haƙo shi ne daga asusun ƙasa.
• kwal, wanda ya ƙunshi carbon as ash, da toka za a iya rikida su zama kwal
• carbon, asalin kayan toka

Manazarta

1. ↑ Howard et al. 2002: Healthy Villages A guide for communities and community health workers. CHAPTER 8 Personal, domestic and community hygiene. WHO. Accessed Oct. 2014. http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/hygiene/settings/hvchap8.pdf
2. ↑ WHO 2014: Water Sanitation Health. How can personal hygiene be maintained in difficult circumstances? Accessed Oct. 2014 http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/emergencies/qa/emergencies_qa17/en/