Het chemisch element barium (Ba), met een atoommassa van 137,327(7) u, bezit 6 stabiele isotopen: 132Ba, 134Ba, 135Ba, 136Ba, 137Ba en 138Ba, waarvan de laatste het meest abundant is (ongeveer 71,7%). De 33 radio-isotopen zijn onstabiel en hebben een relatief korte halveringstijd (de meeste minder dan een seconde).
De kortstlevende isotoop van barium is 153Ba, met een halfwaardetijd van ongeveer 80 milliseconden. De langstlevende is 130Ba, met een halfwaardetijd van 70 biljoen jaar. Deze isotoop is een radioactief primordiaal nuclide dat in kleine hoeveelheden op Aarde voorkomt. Het vervalt middels dubbele elektronenvangst tot de stabiele isotoop xenon-130.
De isotoop barium-114 is de lichtste isotoop die clusterverval ondergaat:[1]
Nuclide | Z (p) | N (n) | Isotopische massa (u) | Halveringstijd | Radioactief verval | VP | Kernspin | Isotopische verhouding (molfractie) |
Natuurlijk voorkomen (molfractie) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Excitatie-energie | |||||||||
114Ba | 56 | 58 | 113,95068(15) | 530(230) ms | β+, p (99,59%) | 113Xe | 0+ | ||
α (0,37%) | 110Xe | ||||||||
β+ (0,04%) | 114Cs | ||||||||
CV (0,0034%) | 102Sn, 12C | ||||||||
115Ba | 56 | 59 | 114,94737(64) | 0,45(5) s | β+ | 115Cs | (5/2+) | ||
β+, p | 114Xe | ||||||||
116Ba | 56 | 60 | 115,94138(43) | 1,3(2) s | β+ | 116Cs | 0+ | ||
β+, p | 115Xe | ||||||||
117Ba | 56 | 61 | 116,93850(32) | 1,75(7) s | β+ | 117Cs | (3/2+) | ||
β+, α | 113I | ||||||||
β+, p | 116Xe | ||||||||
118Ba | 56 | 62 | 117,93304(21) | 5,2(2) s | β+ | 118Cs | 0+ | ||
β+, p | 117Xe | ||||||||
119Ba | 56 | 63 | 118,93066(21) | 5,4(3) s | β+ | 119Cs | (5/2+) | ||
β+, p | 118Xe | ||||||||
120Ba | 56 | 64 | 119,92604(32) | 24(2) s | β+ | 120Cs | 0+ | ||
121Ba | 56 | 65 | 120,92405(15) | 29,7(15) s | β+ (99,98%) | 121Cs | 5/2+ | ||
β+, p (0,02%) | 120Xe | ||||||||
122Ba | 56 | 66 | 121,91990(3) | 1,95(15) min | β+ | 122Cs | 0+ | ||
123Ba | 56 | 67 | 122,918781(13) | 2,7(4) min | β+ | 123Cs | 5/2+ | ||
124Ba | 56 | 68 | 123,915094(13) | 11,0(5) min | β+ | 124Cs | 0+ | ||
125Ba | 56 | 69 | 124,914473(12) | 3,5(4) min | β+ | 125Cs | 1/2+ | ||
126Ba | 56 | 70 | 125,911250(13) | 100(2) min | β+ | 126Cs | 0+ | ||
127Ba | 56 | 71 | 126,911094(12) | 12,7(4) min | β+ | 127Cs | 1/2+ | ||
127mBa | 80,33(12) keV | 1,9(2) s | IT | 127Ba | 7/2− | ||||
128Ba | 56 | 72 | 127,908318(11) | 2,43(5) d | β+ | 128Cs | 0+ | ||
129Ba | 56 | 73 | 128,908679(12) | 2,23(11) uur | β+ | 129Cs | 1/2+ | ||
129mBa | 8,42(6) keV | 2,16(2) uur | β+ | 129Cs | 7/2+ | ||||
IT | 129Ba | ||||||||
130Ba | 56 | 74 | 129,9063208(30) | 7 × 1013 jaar | 2EV | 130Xe | 0+ | 0,00106(1) | |
130mBa | 2475,12(18) keV | 9,54(14) ms | IT | 130Ba | 8− | ||||
131Ba | 56 | 75 | 130,906941(3) | 11,50(6) d | β+ | 131Cs | 1/2+ | ||
131mBa | 187,14(12) keV | 14,6(2) min | IT | 131Ba | 9/2− | ||||
132Ba | 56 | 76 | 131,9050613(11) | stabiel | 0+ | 0,00101(1) | |||
133Ba | 56 | 77 | 132,9060075(11) | 10,51(5) jaar | EV | 133Cs | 1/2+ | ||
133mBa | 288,247(9) keV | 38,9(1) uur | IT (99,99%) | 133Ba | 11/2− | ||||
EV (0,0096%) | 133Cs | ||||||||
134Ba | 56 | 78 | 133,9045084(4) | stabiel | 0+ | 0,02417(18) | |||
135Ba | 56 | 79 | 134,9056886(4) | stabiel | 3/2+ | 0,06592(12) | |||
135mBa | 268,22(2) keV | 28,7(2) uur | IT | 135Ba | 11/2− | ||||
136Ba | 56 | 80 | 135,9045759(4) | stabiel | 0+ | 0,07854(24) | |||
136mBa | 2030,466(18) keV | 308,4(19) ms | IT | 136Ba | 7− | ||||
137Ba | 56 | 81 | 136,9058274(5) | stabiel | 3/2+ | 0,11232(24) | |||
137m1Ba | 661,659(3) keV | 2,552(1) min | IT | 137Ba | 11/2− | ||||
137m2Ba | 2349,1(4) keV | 0,59(10) µs | (17/2−) | ||||||
138Ba | 56 | 82 | 137,9052472(5) | stabiel | 0+ | 0,71698(42) | |||
138mBa | 2090,54(6) keV | 800(100) ns | 6+ | ||||||
139Ba | 56 | 83 | 138,9088413(5) | 83,06(28) min | β− | 139La | 7/2− | ||
140Ba | 56 | 84 | 139,910605(9) | 12,752(3) dagen | β− | 140La | 0+ | ||
141Ba | 56 | 85 | 140,914411(9) | 18,27(7) min | β− | 141La | 3/2− | ||
142Ba | 56 | 86 | 141,916453(7) | 10,6(2) min | β− | 142La | 0+ | ||
143Ba | 56 | 87 | 142,920627(14) | 14,5(3) s | β− | 143La | 5/2− | ||
144Ba | 56 | 88 | 143,922953(14) | 11,5(2) s | β− (96,4%) | 144La | 0+ | ||
β+ (3,59%) | 144Cs | ||||||||
145Ba | 56 | 89 | 144,92763(8) | 4,31(16) s | β− | 145La | 5/2− | ||
146Ba | 56 | 90 | 145,93022(8) | 2,22(7) s | β− (99,98%) | 146La | 0+ | ||
β−, n (0,02%) | 145La | ||||||||
147Ba | 56 | 91 | 146,93495(22) | 0,893(1) s | β− (99,94%) | 147La | (3/2+) | ||
β−, n (0,06%) | 146La | ||||||||
148Ba | 56 | 92 | 147,93772(9) | 0,612(17) s | β− (99,6%) | 148La | 0+ | ||
β−, n (0,4%) | 147La | ||||||||
149Ba | 56 | 93 | 148,94258(21) | 344(7) ms | β− (99,57%) | 149La | 3/2− | ||
β−, n (0,43%) | 148La | ||||||||
150Ba | 56 | 94 | 149,94568(43) | 300 ms | β− | 150La | 0+ | ||
β−, n (zelden) | 149La | ||||||||
151Ba | 56 | 95 | 150,95081(43) | 200 ms | β− | 151La | 3/2− | ||
152Ba | 56 | 96 | 151,95427(54) | 100 ms | β− | 152La | 0+ | ||
153Ba | 56 | 97 | 152,95961(86) | 80 ms | β− | 153La | 5/2− |
1 | 18 | |||||||||||||||||
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1 | H | 2 | Periodiek systeem | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | He | |||||||||
2 | Li | Be | De links verwijzen naar isotopen per element | B | C | N | O | F | Ne | |||||||||
3 | Na | Mg | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | Al | Si | P | S | Cl | Ar |
4 | K | Ca | Sc | Ti | V | Cr | Mn | Fe | Co | Ni | Cu | Zn | Ga | Ge | As | Se | Br | Kr |
5 | Rb | Sr | Y | Zr | Nb | Mo | Tc | Ru | Rh | Pd | Ag | Cd | In | Sn | Sb | Te | I | Xe |
6 | Cs | Ba | ↓ | Hf | Ta | W | Re | Os | Ir | Pt | Au | Hg | Tl | Pb | Bi | Po | At | Rn |
7 | Fr | Ra | ↓↓ | Rf | Db | Sg | Bh | Hs | Mt | Ds | Rg | Cn | Nh | Fl | Mc | Lv | Ts | Og |
Lanthaniden | La | Ce | Pr | Nd | Pm | Sm | Eu | Gd | Tb | Dy | Ho | Er | Tm | Yb | Lu | |||
Actiniden | Ac | Th | Pa | U | Np | Pu | Am | Cm | Bk | Cf | Es | Fm | Md | No | Lr |
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
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