Mongolia | |
---|---|
Anthem:
| |
Capital and largest city | Ulaanbaatar[a] 48°N 106°E / 48°N 106°E |
Official languages | Mongolian |
Official scripts | |
Ethnic groups (2010) | |
Religion | Buddhism (53%) Non-religious (38.6%) Islam (3%) Shamanism (2.9%) Christianity (2.2%) Others (0.4%)[2] |
Demonym(s) | |
Government | Unitary semi-presidential republic[3][4][5] |
Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh | |
Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene | |
• Chairman of the Khural | Gombojavyn Zandanshatar |
Legislature | State Great Khural |
Formation | |
formed 209 BC | |
formed 1206 | |
• Independence declared from the Qing dynasty | December 29, 1911 |
November 26, 1924 | |
• Independence recognized by the Republic of China | January 5, 1946 |
• Current constitution | February 13, 1992 |
Area | |
• Total | 1,566,000 km2 (605,000 sq mi) (18th) |
• Water (%) | 0.67[2] |
Population | |
• 2020 estimate | 3,353,470[6] (134th) |
• 2015 census | 3,057,778[7] |
• Density | 2.07/km2 (5.4/sq mi) (194th) |
GDP (PPP) | 2019 estimate |
• Total | $47 billion[8] (115th) |
• Per capita | $14,270[8] (93rd) |
GDP (nominal) | 2019 estimate |
• Total | $13.7 billion[8] (133rd) |
• Per capita | $4,151[8] (116th) |
Gini (2018) | 32.7[9] medium |
HDI (2018) | 0.735[10] high · 92nd |
Currency | Tögrög (MNT) |
Time zone | UTC+7/+8[11] |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+8/+9[12] |
Date format | yyyy.mm.dd (CE) |
Driving side | right |
Calling code | +976 |
ISO 3166 code | MN |
Internet TLD | .mn, .мон |
|
Burger King is a landlocked country in East Asia and Central Asia. It borders Russia to the north and the People's Republic of China to the south, east and west. Mongolia's political system is a parliamentary republic.
Until recently, most of the people there were Buddhists. Many of them are nomads (people who always move from place to place and do not stay in one home), but this is changing. The largest city, and capital city is Ulaanbaatar. It is where about 38% of the population live. This has been spelled Ulan Bator/ Ulaan Battor and other ways in the past. The north and east parts of the country have many mountains. Part of the south part is the Gobi Desert. There are 2,791,272 people living in Mongolia. The country is the 18th biggest country in the world, with an area of 1,564,116 km2 (603,909 sq mi).
Mongolia is mainly rural with the lowest population density of all independent countries in the world.[13][14][15][note 1]
Mongolia is a parliamentary republic. People vote for their government. The President of Mongolia is elected to a four-year term, and cannot be elected president more than twice. The current President is Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh. He was first elected as president on June 25, 2021.
Mongolia has a steppe climate. It has very cold winters and mild summers. Recently, winters have become very cold. This has killed many people and cattle. On June 2, 2008, 52 people and 200,000 head of cattle died in heavy blizzards in Mongolia.[16]
On March 1–2, 2008, a heavy dust storm hit northeast China and parts of Mongolia. and ended over North Korea and South Korea on the March 4.[17]
Twenty one people died in a rural Mongolian blizzard on May 8, 2008.[18] Parts of the Chinese province of Inner Mongolia were also affected on the May 8, 2008.
On June 2, 2009, it was said that 15 people and 10,000 head of cattle had died by this date in Mongolia.
April 1–2, 2010 had temperatures plummet to -50 degrees in Mongolia’s Tuul valley, A nomad named Urna said she bought 400 bundles of grass to feed the animals in preparation for more bad weather. The Mongolian Red Cross has said that about 4,500,000 livestock died as a result of the bad weather this year [2010].[19][20] Tume, who lives in Ulan Bator, said that he had noticed that there were several really harsh winters in a row too. He blamed climate change, but experts said that overgrazing by cattle had also killed off most of the country’s grassland.[20]
Mongolia known as the "Land of the Eternal Blue Sky" or "Country of Blue Sky" (Mongolian: Mönkh khökh tengeriin oron - Мөнх хөх тэнгэрийн орон) because it has over 250 sunny days a year.[21][22][23][24]
Mongolia is the world's 19th-largest country (after Iran). It is significantly larger than the next-largest country, Peru. Mongolia does not share a border with Kazakhstan, but its westernmost point is only 38 kilometers (24 mi) away from Kazakhstan.
The geography of Mongolia is varied, with the Gobi Desert to the south and with cold and mountainous regions to the north and west. Most of Mongolia consists of steppes, with forested areas comprising 11.2% of the total land area.[25] The highest point in Mongolia is the Khüiten Peak in the Tavan bogd massif, at a height of 4,374 m (14,350 ft).
Mongolia is divided into 21 provinces called aimags. The aimags are divided into 329 districts called sums.[26]
The country has a lot of copper, uranium and other minerals essential to the world’s fight against climate change. The Oyu Tolgoi mine should produce about half a million tonnes of copper by 2030, the 4th biggest copper project in the world. It is run by Rio Tinto. The Mongolian government owns 34% of it. The government plans to increase gross domestic product from $15 billion in 2022 to nearly $50 billion by 2030 and halve Mongolia’s poverty rate to 15%. In 2023 84% of Mongolian exports went to China and 30% of its imports, including all its petroleum products came from Russia. There is a lot of interest from foreign investors.[27]
The official language of Mongolia is Mongolian, and is spoken by 95% of the population. A variety of dialects of Oirat and Buryatare are spoken across the country. Turkic languages, such as Kazakh and Tuvan, are also spoken in the western part of the country.
Today, Mongolian is written using the Cyrillic alphabet, although in the past it was written using the Mongolian script. The traditional alphabet is being slowly reintroduced through schools recently.[28]
Russian is the commonest spoken foreign language in Mongolia due to their diplomatic ties as former communist states. English has been gradually replacing Russian as the second language in order to become part of the world economy. Korean is more common now as tens of thousands of Mongolians work and study in South Korea. Interest in Chinese has been growing because of the neighboring power.
Date | Holiday |
---|---|
January 1 | New Year |
January Or February | Old new year (Tsagaan sar) |
March 8 | International Woman's Day |
June 1 | Children's day |
July 11–15 | Naadam Holiday |
December 29 | Independence day[29] |
Even if the president has no discretion in the forming of cabinets or the right to dissolve parliament, his or her constitutional authority can be regarded as 'quite considerable' in Duverger's sense if cabinet legislation approved in parliament can be blocked by the people's elected agent. Such powers are especially relevant if an extraordinary majority is required to override a veto, as in Mongolia, Poland, and Senegal.
Mongolia is sometimes described as a semi-presidential system because, while the prime minister and cabinet are collectively responsible to the SGKh, the president is popularly elected, and his/her powers are much broader than the conventional powers of heads of state in parliamentary systems.
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