Operation Cyclone was the code name for the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) program to arm and finance the mujahideen (jihadists) in Afghanistan from 1979 to 1989. The mujahideen were also supported by Britain's MI6.[1]
Operation Cyclone was one of the longest and most expensive covert CIA operations ever.[2] Funding officially began with $695,000 in 1979.[3]
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Beginning of the Iraqi conflict |
Prelude |
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Background | |
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Rationale |
- WMD claims
- Yellowcake uranium
- Aluminum tubes
- Biological weapons
- Chemical weapons
- "Curveball"
- Mobile weapon labs
- Saddam–al-Qaeda conspiracy theory
- Oil as a possible rationale
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Issues |
- American imperialism
- Colin Powell's UN presentation
- Disarmament crisis
- Failed peace initiatives
- Iraq resolution / UK parliament's support for invasion
- Iraqi–Kurdish conflict
- Legality
- Legitimacy of the invasion
- Media coverage
- Military analyst program
- Rapid response operation
- Saddam's alleged shredder
- Preemptive war
- Saddam Hussein and human rights
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Dossiers and memos |
- Habbush letter
- Downing Street memo
- September Dossier
- Vilnius letter
- Letter of the eight
- Bush–Blair 2003 memo
- February Dossier
- Bush–Aznar memo
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Overview |
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Key events | |
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Invasion (2003) |
- Timeline
- Preparations for invasion
- Multi-National Force
- Battle of Nasiriyah
- Fall of Baghdad
- Battle of Debecka Pass
- Firdos Square statue
- Mission Accomplished speech
- US public opinion
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Occupation (2003–2011) |
- Occupation of Ramadi
- De-Ba'athification
- 100 Orders
- CPA Order 2
- CPA Order 17
- U.S. military bases
- Blackwater
- Reconstruction
- Economic reform
- UNAMI
- Al Qa'qaa high explosives
- U.S. kill or capture strategy
Replacement governments |
- Coalition Provisional Authority
- Interim Government
- 2005 parliamentary elections
- Transitional Government
- Constitution
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Participants |
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Countries |
- Australia
- Ba'athist Iraq
- Denmark
- Georgia
- Iran
- Italy
- Japan
- Poland
- South Korea
- Thailand
- Ukraine
- United Kingdom
- United States
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Insurgent groups | Sunni groups | |
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Shia groups |
- Mahdi Army
- Abu Deraa's militia
- Badr Organization
- Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq
- Sheibani Network
- Soldiers of Heaven
- Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq
- Promised Day Brigade
- Kata'ib Hezbollah
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Ba'ath loyalists |
- Fedayeen Saddam
- Al-Awda
- Popular Army
- Al-Abud Network
- Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order
- Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation
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Impact |
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General |
- Casualties
- Iraq Body Count
- Iraq Family Health Survey
- Lancet surveys
- ORB survey
- Damage to Baghdad
- Al-Aimmah Bridge disaster
- Human rights
- Humanitarian crisis
- Financial cost
- Refugees
- Iraqi Christians
- Mandaeans
- Violence against Iraqi academics
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Political controversies |
- Post-invasion WMD conjecture
- Iraq scandal in Finland
- Dixie Chicks comments
- Plame affair
- Hood event
- Death of David Kelly
- Kidnapping of Angelo dela Cruz
- 2004 document leak
- Al Jazeera bombing memo
- Scott Thomas Beauchamp controversy
- MoveOn.org ad controversy
- Six Days in Fallujah
- Role of Canada
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Reactions | Pre-war |
- Pre-war international reactions
- Khuy Voyne!
- Saddam Hussein interview
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- Views on the invasion
- Opposition
- Criticism
- United Nations
- Oprah's Anti-war series
- Iraqi map pendant
- Winter Soldier: Iraq & Afghanistan
- Photo Op
- A Responsible Plan to End the War in Iraq
- Bush shoeing incident
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Protests |
Halloween 2002
February 15, 2003
March 20, 2003
Bring Them Home Now Tour
January 20, 2005
September 24, 2005
January 27, 2007
March 17, 2007
2007 Port of Tacoma
September 15, 2007
March 19, 2008
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Aftermath in Iraq |
- The rise of ISIL
- Insurgency (2011–13)
- War in Iraq (2013–17)
- War against ISIL (2014–present)
- U.S.-led intervention in Iraq (2014–2021)
- Insurgency (2017–present)
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Miscellaneous |
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Terminology | Critical |
- Global arrogance
- Inverted totalitarianism
- "The wrong war, at the wrong place, at the wrong time"
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Memorials |
- Afghan–Iraqi Freedom Memorial (Salem, Oregon)
- Al-Shaheed Monument
- Iraq and Afghanistan Memorial (London)
- Northwood Gratitude and Honor Memorial
- Old North Memorial Garden
- Saving Iraqi Culture
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Lists |
- Assassinations
- Aviation shootdowns and accidents
- Bombings
- Coalition military operations
- Documentaries
- Iraqi security forces fatality reports
- Most-wanted Iraqi playing cards
- Private contractor deaths
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Timeline |
- 2003
- 2004
- 2005
- 2006
- 2007
- 2008
- 2009
- 2010
- 2011
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