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[[File:Saturn during Equinox.jpg|thumb|260px|A picture of Saturn]] '''Saturn''' is the sixth [[planet]] from the [[Sun]] in the [[Solar System]]. It is the second largest planet in the Solar System, after [[Jupiter]]. Like Jupiter, [[Uranus]] and [[Neptune]], it is a "[[gas giant]]". The inside of Saturn is probably a [[planetary core|core]] of [[iron]], [[nickel]], [[silicon]] and [[oxygen]] compounds, surrounded by a deep layer of [[metallic hydrogen]], then a layer of [[liquid]] [[hydrogen]] and liquid [[helium]] and finally, an outer [[gas]]eous layer.<ref name="Composition ref">((cite web|url=http://www.astrophysicsspectator.com/topics/planets/GiantGaseousPlanets.html|title=Giant gaseous planets|accessdate=5 July 2010|last=Brainerd|first=Jerome James|date=27 October 2004|publisher=The Astrophysics Spectator))</ref> Saturn has 62 known [[Satellite (natural)|moons]] [[orbit]]ing the planet; 53 are officially named.<ref>((cite web |first=Enrico|last=Piazza|title=Saturn's moons|editor=Kirk Munsell|work=Cassini, Equinox Mission|publisher=JPL NASA|url=http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/science/moons/|accessdate=2010-06-22))</ref> The largest moon is [[Titan (moon)|Titan]], which is larger in volume than the planet [[Mercury (planet)|Mercury]]. Titan is the second-largest moon in the Solar System. The largest moon is Jupiter's moon, [[Ganymede (moon)|Ganymede]]. Also around Saturn there is a very large system of [[planetary ring|rings]], made of [[ice]] with smaller amounts of [[minerals|rocks]] and dust. Saturn is about 1,400,000,000 [[kilometer|km]] (869,000,000 [[mile|mi]]) from the Sun. In the time it takes Saturn to complete one orbit of the Sun, or one Saturn year, the Earth has orbited 29.6 times, or 29.6 [[Julian year (astronomy)|years]] on Earth.<ref name="fact">Williams, Dr. David R. (7 September 2006) [http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/saturnfact.html Saturn Earth comparison] ''Saturn fact sheet''. National Aeronautics and Space Administration.</ref> Saturn was named after the [[Roman mythology|Roman god]] [[Saturn (mythology)|Saturnus]] (called [[Kronos]] in [[Greek mythology]]).<ref>((cite web |url= http://www.credoreference.com/entry/hfcwd/cronia_kronia |title=Cronia (Kronia) |first= |last= |work=Holidays, Festivals, and Celebrations of the World Dictionary |year=2010 |accessdate=2011-07-11))</ref> Saturn's symbol is ♄ which is the symbol of Saturnus' [[sickle]].<ref>Crystal, Ellie. [http://www.crystalinks.com/saturnmyth.html Saturn Mythology] ''Crystalinks.com''. Accessed 28 February 2007.</ref> == Physical features == Saturn is an [[oblate spheroid]], meaning that it is flattened at the [[Geographical pole|pole]]s, and it swells out around its [[equator]]. The planet's equatorial [[diameter]] is ((convert|120536|km|mi|0|lk=off|abbr=on)), while its polar diameter (the distance from the north pole to the south pole) is ((convert|108728|km|mi|0|lk=off|abbr=on)); a 9% difference.<ref>[http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/press_kits/cassini-arrival.pdf Cassini–Huygens Saturn arrival] (PDF) ''Press kit June 2004''. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. p 9. Accessed 25 June 2011.</ref> Saturn has a flattened shape; it is due to its very fast [[rotation]], rotating once every 10.8 hours.<ref name="fact"/> Saturn is the only planet in the Solar System that is less [[density|dense]] than [[water]]. Even though the planet's [[planetary core|core]] is very dense, it has a gaseous [[atmosphere]], so the average [[relative density|specific density]] of the planet is 0.69 g/cm³ (less than the density of water). This means if Saturn could be placed in a large pool of water, it would float.<ref>Verba, Joan Marie (1991) "Voyager: Exploring the outer planets". FTL Publications. p 20. ISBN 0982523203.</ref> === Atmosphere === The outer part of Saturn's atmosphere is made up of about 96% hydrogen, 3% helium, 0.4% [[methane]] and 0.01% [[ammonia]].<ref name="fact"/> There are also very small amounts of [[acetylene]], [[ethane]] and [[phosphine]].<ref name="Mira">[http://www.mira.org/fts0/planets/100/text/txt002x.htm Saturn] ''MIRA: field trips to the stars: the Solar System''. 2006. Monterey Institute of Research in Astronomy. Accessed 19 June 2011.</ref> == References == ((Reflist)) == Other websites == * [http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/saturnfact.html Saturn Earth comparison] |