Maperembudzi | |
---|---|
Tsanangudzo uye kumwe kunowanika mashoko | |
ICD/CIM-10 | A30 A30 |
ICD/CIM-9 | 030 030 |
OMIM | 246300 |
DiseasesDB | 8478 |
MedlinePlus | 001347 |
Maperembudzi kana mapere, ayo anozivikanwawo nokuti Hansen's disease (HD), utachiona hwenguva yakareba hunokonzerwa nebhakiteria Mycobacterium leprae[1] uye Mycobacterium lepromatosis.[2] Pakutanga, hapana zviratidzo zveutachiona uye izvi zvinowanzoramba zvakadaro kwemakore 5 kusvika 20.[1] Zviratidzo zvinozobuda zvinosanganisira kubumba munzvimbo dzemanevhi, munofamba nemhepo yokufema, muganda, uye mumaziso.[1] Izvi zvinogona kuguma munhu asisanzwe kurwadziwa zvoita kuti arasikirwe nemicheto yemuviri pamusana pekuramba achikuvara kana kukanganiswa neutachiona asi iye asinganzwi kuti ava nemaronda.[3] Zvinogona kuitikawo kuti munhu ashaye simba kana kutadza kuona zvakanaka.[3]
Maperembudzi anotapuriranwa muvanhu. Zvinodavirwa kuti izvi zvinoitika pakukosora kana pakugunzva mvura dzemumhino yemunhu ane utachiona.[4] Maperembudzi anonyanya kuitika kuvaya vanogara muurombo uye zvinodavirwa kuti anoparadzirwa netumadonhwe twemvura inobuda pakufema.[3] Kusiyana nezvagara zvichifungidzirwa, maperembudzi haasi chirwere chinonyanya kutapukira.[3] Mhando mbiri dzechirwere ichi dzinosiyaniswa nekuwanda kwemabhakiteria anenge aripo: kune mhando yepaucibacillary neyemultibacillary.[3] Mhando mbiri dzacho dzinosiyaniswa nekuti pane makamba mangani eruvara rusina kunyatsonaka, eganda risisanzwi kurwadza, paucibacillary iine mashanu kana mashoma uye multibacillary iine anodarika mashanu.[3] Zvinozonyatsonzi munhu ane chirwere chacho kana ganda rake rikatorwa robva rawanika riine bhakiteriya bhakiteriya rinoramba kuchinjwa ruvara neacid kana kuti atariswa DNA pachishandiswa nzira yepolymerase chain reaction.[3]
Maperembudzi anorapika pachishandiswa mibatanidzwa yemishonga kana kuti pachirungu multidrug therapy (MDT)[1] Kana ari maperembudzi epaucibacillary, panoshandiswa mushonga wedapsone newerifampicin kwemwedzi mitanhatu.[3] Kana ari maperembudzi emultibacillary panoshandiswa werifampicin, dapsone, neweclofazimine kwemwedzi 12.[3] Nzira idzi dzokurapa dzinoitwa mahara neWorld Health Organization.[1] Mimwewo mishonga inouraya utachiona (antibiotics) inogona kushandiswa.[3] Muna 2012, vanokwana 189,000 vaiva nechirwere ichi chenguva refu zvichireva kuti vakanga vadzikira kubva pamamiriyoni 5.2 vekuma1980.[1][5][6] Vakabatwa kekutanga nechirwere chacho vaiva 230,000.[1] Vakawanda vevakabatwa kekutanga ndevemunyika dzinokwana 16, uye vanodarika hafu yavo vari vokuIndia.[1][3] Mumakore 20 adarika, vanhu vanokwana mamiriyoni 16 pasi rose vakarapwa chirwere chemaperembudzi.[1] Vanokwana 200 vanobatwa nechirwere ichi pagore muUnited States.[7]
Vanhu vatambudzwa nemaperembudzi kwezviuru zvemakore.[3] Zita rechirwere ichi rinobva pashoko rechiLatin rokuti lepra, kureva "kuva nemakamba", asi rokuti "Hansen's disease" richibva pane rachiremba Gerhard Armauer Hansen.[3] Zvokuchengeta varwere mumisha yevane maperembudzi kwavanenge vari kwavo vega zvichiri kuitwa munzvimbo dzakadai seIndia,[8] China,[9] nomuAfrica.[10] Asi misha yevane maperembudzi yakawanda yakatovharwa sezvo chirwere chemaperembudzi chisinganyanyotapukire.[10] Kusarurwa nevamwe kwevarwere ndiyo nyaya hombe kubva kare, uye izvi ndizvo zvinotadzisa vanenge vabatwa nechirwere chacho kubuda pachena vorapwa nguva ichiripo.[1] Mashoko okuti "une maperembudzi" anogona kugumbura vamwe.[11] Zuva Repasi Rose Remaperembudzi rakatangwa muna 1954 kuitira kuti vaya vane chirwere ichi vafungwewo nezvavo.[12]