1160-yil. Bu davrda turli xalqlarda Yuliy, musulmon, Eron va boshqa taqvimlar ishlatildi.

Voqealar

Manzil boʻyicha

Vizantiya imperiyasi

• Bahor - Imperator Manuel I (Komnenos) Jon Kontostephanos boshchiligidagi elchixonani Quddusga yuborib, qirol Bolduin III dan salibchilar shtatlari malikalaridan birini beva qolgan imperatorga kelin qilib ko'rsatishni so'raydi. Ularning ikki nomzodi antioxiyalik 15 yoshli Mariya va Tripolilik Melisendedir. Bolduin Melisendega taklif qiladi va uning ukasi Count Raymond III katta miqdordagi sep yig'ishga kirishadi. Elchilar rozi bo'lmay, nikohni bir yildan ortiq kechiktiradilar. Ular onasining (Qudduslik grafinya Xodierna) xiyonati va shuning uchun Melisendening mumkin bo'lgan noqonuniyligiga asoslangan Melisendening tug'ilishi haqidagi mish-mishlarni eshitishadi^[1].

Yevropa

• 25-yanvar – Imperator Frederik I (Barbarossa) mustaqil Italiya shahar-davlatlariga qarshi kampaniyasi doirasida 6 oylik qamaldan keyin Cremani egallab oldi. Omon qolgan 20 000 ga yaqin odamlarga Crema talon-toroj qilinishi va yondirilishidan oldin ko'tarib yurgan narsalari bilan shaharni tark etishga ruxsat berilgan^[2]. Qamal xarajatlari (2000 kumush markadan ortiq) va Frederikning qishda uni amalga oshirishga bo'lgan qat'iyati uning dalada qo'shinlarni ushlab turish va ittifoqchilarini bir tomonda ushlab turish qobiliyatini ko'rsatadi^[3].
• 18-may – Erik Jedvardsson (Erik IX) o'ldirildi, shundan so'ng uning qotili Magnus Henriksen o'zini Magnus II sifatida Shvetsiya qiroli deb e'lon qiladi. Biroq, keyingi yili u o'z navbatida o'ldiriladi. Tez orada Erik avliyo sifatida sajda qiladi. Rim papasi Aleksandr III tomonidan hech qachon rasman kanonizatsiya qilinmagan bo'lsa-da, u oxir-oqibat Shvetsiyaning homiy avliyosiga aylanadi.
• Miholyanetsdagi yer uchastkasi Zdeliya yaqinida monastir quradigan Templar ritsarlariga sovg'a qilinadi. Bu Xorvatiya va Vengriyadagi Templarlar haqida eng qadimgi tarixiy eslatma^[4].
• Spital am Semmering (zamonaviy Avstriya) Margrave Ottokar III tomonidan asos solingan. U kasalxona quradi va Traisen va Gölsen daryolari atrofidagi hududni mustamlaka qilishni yakunlaydi.
• Kuz - Ikkinchi rafiqasi Kastiliya qirolichasi Konstans vafotidan bir necha hafta o'tgach, qirol Lui VII graf Teobald II ning (Buyuk) qizi shampanlik Adelaga uylanadi.
• Portugallarning katta hujumi Alentejo hududida, Almoravidlarga qarshi boshlanadi^[5]. Tomar shahriga Templar ritsarlarining buyuk ustasi Gualdim Pais asos solgan.

Levant

• Kuz - Antioxiya shahzodasi Châtillonlik Raynald Marashda Furot vodiysida mahalliy dehqonlardan qoramol, ot va tuyalarni tortib olish uchun talon-toroj qiladi. Antioxiyaga qaytib ketayotib, u va uning mulozimlari zangid jangchilari tomonidan hujumga uchraydi. Raynald otsiz va qo'lga olinadi va Halabga yuboriladi va u yerda qamoqqa tashlanadi^[6].

Afrika

• Almohadlar Mahdiyani (zamonaviy Tunisni) Sitsiliyadan kelayotgan nasroniy qoʻshinlariga qarshi shahar yaqinidagi muhim dengiz muvaffaqiyatidan soʻng Normanlardan zabt etishdi^[7].
• Almohad xalifaligi va Piza Respublikasi o'rtasidagi tijorat shartnomasi Shimoliy Afrika portlarini Toskana savdogarlari uchun ochadi (taxminan sana).

Asia

• Sanjo saroyini qamal qilish: Minamoto no Yoshitomo boshchiligidagi isyonchi kuch (taxminan 500 kishi) imperator Nijoga qarshi tungi hujumni boshladi. Ular iste'fodagi imperator Go-Shirakavani o'g'irlab ketishadi va Kiotodagi saroyga o't qo'yishadi^[8].
• Imperator Dharanindravarman II vafot etdi va uning oʻrniga uning amakivachchasi Yasovarman II Xmer imperiyasi (zamonaviy Kambodja) hukmdori etib tayinlandi. Dharanindravarmanning o'g'li Jayavarman VII qo'shni Champada surgunga ketadi.

Mavzu boʻyicha

Ta'lim

• Derbi maktabi Angliyaning Derbi shahrida tashkil etilgan.

Tavalludlar

• 4-oktyabr – Alys of France, daughter of Louis VII (d. 1220)
• 3-dekabr – Conrad of Querfurt, German bishop (d. 1202)
• Abu Yusuf Yaqub al-Mansur, Almohad caliph (d. 1199)
• Adolf III, count of Schaumburg and Holstein (d. 1225)
• Alice of Courtenay, French noblewoman (d. 1218)
• Ali ibn al-Athir, Arab historian and biographer (d. 1233)
• Azriel of Gerona, Catalan Jewish leader (d. 1238)
• Beatrice of Viennois, countess of Savoy (d. 1230)
• Bertold V, German zodagon (House of Zähringen) (d. 1218)
• Cadenet, French poet and troubadour (approximate date)
• David Kimhi, French rabbi and grammarian (d. 1235)
• Dulce of Aragon, queen of Portugal (d. 1198)
• Eschiva of Ibelin, queen of Cyprus (d. 1196)
• Eudokia Komnene, French noblewoman (d. 1203)
• Hartmann I, count of Württemberg (d. 1240)
• Isaac the Blind, French rabbi and writer (d. 1235)
• John of Hexham, English chronicler (d. 1209)
• John of Matha, French priest and saint (d. 1213)
• Konoe Motomichi, yapon zodagon (d. 1233)
• Ma Yuan, Chinese landscape painter (d. 1225)
• Mestwin I, duke of Pomerania (taxminiy sana)
• Parisius (or Parisio), Italiyalik ruhoniy va avliyo (d. 1267)
• Philip the Chancellor, Fransuz teologi (d. 1236)
• Rudolph I, Tübingen (d. 1219)
• Sasaki Takatsuna, yapon samurayi (d. 1214)
• Sibylla (or Sibylle), Quddus malikasi (d. 1190)
• Siraj al-Din al-Sakaki, fors olimi(d. 1229)
• Taira no Koremori, yapon generali (d. 1184)
• Taira no Noritsune, yapon noble g'olibi(d. 1185)
• Tamar the Great, Georgia qirolichasi(taxminiy sana)
• Vladislaus III, Bohemia gersogi (tahminiy sana)

Vafot etganlar

• 12-mart – Al-Muqtafi, Abbasid Caliphate xalifasi (b. 1096)^[9]
• 3-aprel – William FitzAlan, Breton zodagoni (b. 1105)
• 27-aprel – Rudolf I, Bregenz va Chur (b. 1081)
• 18-may
  • Eric IX (the Holy), Shvetsiya qiroli (b. 1120)
  • Ibn al-Qalanisi, Arab siyosatchisi va yilnomachisi
• 31-may – Mechtildis of Edelstetten,
• 23-iyul – Al-Fa'iz bi-Nasr Allah, Fotimiylar xalifasi(b. 1149)
• 4-oktyabr – Constance of Castile, France qirolichasi (b. 1141)
• 17-dekabr – Gilla na Naemh Ua Duinn, irland yozuvchisi(b. 1102)
• 22-dekabr – Fujiwara no Nariko, yapon imperator(b. 1117)
• Dharanindravarman II, Cambodian Khmer Empire boshqaruvchisi
• Fujiwara no Michinori, yapon zodagon (b. 1106)
• Fujiwara no Nobuyori, yapon zodagon (b. 1133)
• Gonzalo Fernández de Traba, Galician zodagon
• Helena of Skövde, Shvetsiyalik zodagon ayol va avliyo
• Herman III (the Great), German zodagoni(b. 1105)
• Herman of Carinthia, German astronomer (b. 1100)
• Hugh Candidus,Ingliz rohib va tarixchisi (b. 1095)
• Ibn Quzman, Andalusiyalik shoir va yozuvchi (b. 1087)
• Mahsati, Fors ayol shoiri va yozuvchisi (b. 1089)
• Minamoto no Tomonaga, yapon samurayi (b. 1144)
• Minamoto no Yoshihira, Yaponiyalik zodagon (b. 1140)
• Minamoto no Yoshitomo, Yapon generali(b. 1123)
• Niklot, Obotrite shaxzoda(House of Mecklenburg) (b. 1090)
• Peter Lombard, Fransuz episkopi va ilohiyotshunosi (b. 1096)
• Philip of France, Fransuz ritsar va grossmeyster (b. 1132)
• Raymond du Puy,Fransuz ritsar va grossmeyster (b. 1083)
• Robert I (Nostell), Norman cherkovi va undan oldingi (b. 1100)
• Sophie of Winzenburg, nemis olijanob ayol(b. 1105)

Manbalar

1. ↑ Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, pp. 292–293. ISBN 978-0-241-29876-3.
2. ↑ Bradbury, Jim (1992). The Medieval Siege, p. 92. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell Press. ISBN 978-0-851-15357-5.
3. ↑ Andrew Roberts (2008). Great Commanders of the Medieval World (454–1582), p. 134. ISBN 978-0-85738-589-5.
4. ↑ Hunyadi, Zsolt; Laszlovszky, József. The Crusades and the Military Orders. Central European University. Dept. of Medieval Studies — 246 bet. ISBN 978-963-9241-42-8. 
5. ↑ Picard, Christophe. Le Portugal musulman, VIIIe-XIIIe siècle: L'Occident dál-Andalus sous domination islamique. Paris: Maisonneuve & Larose, 2000 — 110 bet. ISBN 2-7068-1398-9. 
6. ↑ Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, p. 291. ISBN 978-0-241-29876-3.
7. ↑ Picard, Christophe. La mer et les musulmans d'Occident VIIIe-XIIIe siècle. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1997. 
8. ↑ Samson, George (1958). A History of Japan to 1334, pp. 256–258. Standford University Press. ISBN 08-0470-523-2.
9. ↑ Zetterstéen, K. V. (1993). "al-Muḳtafī". in Bosworth, C. E.. Encyclopaedia of Islam. Volume VII: Mif–Naz (2nd nashri). Leiden: E. J. Brill. 543–544 b. ISBN 978-90-04-09419-2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_5482.