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((redirect|10th Mountain|the Ukrainian unit|10th Mountain Assault Brigade))
((short description|Combat formation of the United States Army))
((Use dmy dates|date=December 2020))
((Infobox military unit
| unit_name                     = 10th Mountain Division
| image                         = Shoulder sleeve insignia of the 10th Mountain Division (1944-2015).svg
| caption                       = 10th Mountain Division [[Shoulder sleeve insignia|Shoulder Sleeve Insignia]]
| country                       = ((Flagu|United States|size=23px))
| branch                        = ((army|United States))
| type                          = [[Brigade combat team#Infantry brigade combat team|Light infantry]]
| dates                         = 1943 – 1945<br />1948 – 1958<br />1985 – present
| command_structure             = ((Flagicon image|Flag of the United States Army XVIII Airborne Corps.svg|size=23px)) [[XVIII Airborne Corps (United States)|XVIII Airborne Corps]]
| size                          = [[Division (military)#United States|Division]]
| current_commander             = [[Major General (United States)|Major General]] [[Scott M. Naumann]]
| commander2                    = [[Brigadier General (United States)|Brigadier General]] Kendall J. Clarke
| commander2_label              = Deputy Commanding General – Operations
| commander3                    = [[Colonel (United States)|Colonel]] Matthew W. Braman
| commander3_label              = Deputy Commanding General – Readiness
| commander4                    = [[Command Sergeant Major]] Brett W. Johnson
| commander4_label              = Command Sergeant Major
| garrison                      = [[Fort Drum]], New York
| ceremonial_chief              = 
| nickname                      = The Tenth Legion, The Mountaineers
| motto                         = ''Climb to Glory''<ref name="TIOH" />
| colors                        = Red and Blue
| march                         = 
| mascot                        = 
| battles                       = ((Tree list))
* '''[[World War II]]'''
** [[Operation Cottage]]
** [[Italian Campaign (World War II)|North Apennines]]
*** [[Spring 1945 offensive in Italy|Po Valley]]
*** [[Battle of Monte Castello]]
*** [[Battle of Mount Belvedere]]
* '''[[Somali Civil War|Somalia]]'''
** [[Operation Gothic Serpent]]
** [[Operation Restore Hope]]
** [[Operation Continue Hope]]
* '''[[Haiti]]'''
** [[Operation Uphold Democracy]]
* '''[[War on Terror]]''' 
** [[War in Afghanistan (2001–present)|War in Afghanistan]]
** [[Operation Anaconda]]
** [[Fall of Mazar-i-Sharif]]
** [[Battle of Takur Ghar]]
** [[Battle of Qala-i-Jangi]]
** [[Operation Mountain Resolve]]
** [[Operation Mountain Viper]]
** [[Operation Avalanche (Afghanistan)|Operation Avalanche]]
** [[Operation Medusa]]
** [[Battle of Kamdesh]]
** [[Battle of Ganjgal]]
** [[Operation Halmazag]]
** [[Pakistan–United States skirmishes]]
* '''[[Iraq War]]'''
** [[First Battle of Fallujah]]
** [[Operation Squeeze Play]]
** [[Siege of Sadr City]]
** [[Operation Together Forward]]
** [[Operation Eagle Ares]]
** [[Operation Commando Eagle]]
** [[Operation Inherent Resolve]]
* '''[[Operation Atlantic Resolve]]'''
* '''[[Operation Freedom's Sentinel]]'''
* '''[[Operation Allies Refuge]]'''
((Tree list/end))
| notable_commanders            = [[George Price Hays|George P. Hays]]<br />[[James Edward Moore]]<br />[[Thomas Leonard Harrold|Thomas L. Harrold]]<br />[[Philip De Witt Ginder]]<br />[[Barksdale Hamlett]]<br />[[James L. Campbell]]<br />[[Franklin L. Hagenbeck]]<br />[[Lloyd Austin]]<br />[[Benjamin Freakley|Benjamin C. Freakley]]<br />[[Michael L. Oates]]<br />[[James L. Terry]]<br />[[Mark A. Milley]]
| anniversaries                 = <!-- Insignia -->
| identification_symbol         = [[File:10th Mountain Division DUI.png|80px|center]]
| identification_symbol_label   = [[Distinctive unit insignia]] of the Division's Headquarters Battalion
| identification_symbol_2       = [[File:Patch of the 10th Mountain Division (Scorpion W2).png|125px|center]]
| identification_symbol_2_label = Subdued shoulder sleeve insignia worn on OCP-ACU
| identification_symbol_3       = [[File:10th Mountain Division CSIB.jpg|125px|center]]
| identification_symbol_3_label = [[Combat service identification badge]]
| identification_symbol_4       = [[File:Flag of the U.S. Army 10th Mountain Division.svg|125px|border|center]]
| identification_symbol_4_label = Division flag
| identification_symbol_5       = ((Mil Map Symbol
| UNIT SHORT NAME = 10
| PARENT SHORT NAME = 
| UNIT ICON = Military Symbol - Friendly Unit (Solid Light 1.5x1 Frame)- Infantry - Light Infantry (NATO APP-6A).svg
| UNIT SIZE ICON = NATO Map Symbol - Unit Size - Division.svg
| ICON SIZE = 100
))
| identification_symbol_5_label = [[NATO Joint Military Symbology|NATO Map Symbol]]
))
((Military unit sidebar|title=US Infantry Divisions|previous=[[9th Infantry Division (United States)|9th Infantry Division]]|next=see [[Divisions of the United States Army#Infantry divisions 2|Infantry divisions (1941–present)]]))

The '''10th Mountain Division (Light Infantry)''' is an elite [[light infantry]] [[division (military)|division]] in the [[United States Army]] based at [[Fort Drum]], New York. Formerly designated as a [[mountain warfare]] unit, the division was the only one of its size in the US military to receive specialized training for fighting in mountainous conditions. More recently, the 10th Mountain has been conducting operations in [[Iraq]] and [[Syria]] advising and assisting [[Iraqi security forces|Iraqi Security Forces]] and [[People's Defense Units]], respectively.

Originally activated as the '''10th Light Division (Alpine)''' in 1943, the division was redesignated the 10th Mountain Division in 1944 and fought in the mountains of [[Italy]] in some of the roughest terrain in [[World War II]]. On 5 May 1945, the division reached [[Nauders]], Austria, just beyond the [[Reschen Pass]], where it made contact with German forces being pushed south by the [[United States Seventh Army|U.S. Seventh Army]]. A status quo was maintained until the enemy headquarters involved had completed their surrender to the Seventh. On 6 May, 10th Mountain troops met the 44th Infantry Division of Seventh Army.<ref name=Alps>((cite web |url=http://www.milhist.net/mto/racealps.html |title=5th Army History • Conclusion |first=Patrick G. |last=Skely |access-date=19 April 2015 |archive-date=13 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170413134030/http://www.milhist.net/mto/racealps.html ))</ref>

Following the war, the division was deactivated, only to be reactivated and redesignated as the '''10th Infantry Division''' in 1948. The division first acted as a training division and, in 1954, was converted to a full combat division and sent to Germany before being deactivated again in 1958.

Reactivated again in 1985, the division was designated the 10th Mountain Division (Light Infantry) to historically tie it to the World War II division and to also better describe its modern disposition. Since its reactivation, the division or elements of the division have deployed numerous times. The division has participated in [[Operation Desert Storm]] ([[Saudi Arabia]]), [[Hurricane Andrew]] disaster relief ([[Homestead, Florida]]), [[Operation Restore Hope]] and [[Operation Continue Hope]] ([[Somalia]]), [[Operation Uphold Democracy]] ([[Haiti]]), [[Operation Joint Forge]] ([[Bosnia and Herzegovina]]), [[Operation Joint Guardian]] ([[Kosovo]]), and several deployments as part of the [[Multinational Force and Observers]] ([[Sinai Peninsula]]).

Since 2002, the 10th Mountain Division has been the most deployed regular Army unit.<ref>((cite web |url=http://10thmountaindivisioninfo.com/todays-10th-mountain-division/ |title=Today's 10th Moun/tain Division |publisher=10th Mountain Division Info))</ref> Its combat brigades have seen over 20 deployments, to both [[Iraq]] and [[Afghanistan]], in support of [[Operation Iraqi Freedom]] and [[Operation Enduring Freedom]]. It took the nickname The Tenth Legion while deployed in Afghanistan in late 2001 into 2002.

== History ==

=== World War I===

The 10th Division was originally organized during [[World War I]] in July 1918 at [[Camp Funston]], Kansas, as a division made up of [[Regular Army (United States)|Regular Army]] and [[History of the United States Army#World War I|National Army]] troops. It was commanded by Major General [[Leonard Wood]], formerly the [[Chief of Staff of the United States Army]] and a [[Medal of Honor]] recipient. The drafted men assigned to the division chiefly came from [[Illinois]], [[Kansas]], [[Missouri]], [[Nebraska]], and [[South Dakota]], although there were also small contingents from the United States at large.

The division consisted of a headquarters, headquarters troop, the 19th Infantry Brigade (41st and 69th Infantry Regiments), the 20th Infantry Brigade (20th and 71st Infantry Regiments), the 28th, 29th, and 30th Machine Gun Battalions, the 10th Field Artillery Brigade (28th, 29th, and 30th Field Artillery Regiments and 10th Trench Mortar Battery), the 210th Engineer Regiment, the 210th Field Signal Battalion, and the 10th Train Headquarters and Military Police (Ammunition, Engineer, Sanitary, and Supply Trains).

The division's advance detachment reached [[Brest, France]], but due to the [[Armistice of 11 November 1918|Armistice with Germany]] in November 1918 which ended hostilities, the rest of the division did not go overseas and was demobilized in February 1919.

It was redesignated the [[Panama Canal Division]] after the war and shares no connection with the 10th Mountain Division activated during [[World War II]].<ref>((harvnb|McGrath|2004|p=166))</ref>

===Genesis of U.S. mountain troops===

In November 1939, two months after World War II broke out in Europe, during the [[Winter War|Soviet Union's invasion of Finland]], [[Red Army]] efforts were frustrated following the destruction of two armored divisions by Finnish [[ski warfare|soldiers on skis]].<ref name="Pushies7">((harvnb|Pushies|2008|p=7))</ref> The conflict caught global attention as the outnumbered and outgunned Finnish soldiers were able to use the difficult local terrain to their advantage,<ref name="Shelton89">((harvnb|Shelton|2003|pp=8–9))</ref> severely hampering the Soviet attacks and embarrassing their military.<ref name="Shelton10">((harvnb|Shelton|2003|p=10))</ref> Upon seeing the effectiveness of these troops, [[Charles Minot Dole|Charles Minot "Minnie" Dole]], the president of the [[National Ski Patrol]], began to lobby the [[United States Department of War|War Department]] of the need for a similar unit of troops in the United States Army, trained for fighting in [[Arctic warfare|winter]] and [[mountain warfare]]. In September 1940, Dole was able to present his case to [[General (United States)|General]] [[George C. Marshall]], the Army Chief of Staff, who agreed with Dole's assessment, deciding to create a "Mountain" unit for fighting in harsh terrain. The U.S. Army authorized the formation of the platoon-sized Army Ski Patrol in November 1940. The first Patrol was formed at [[Camp Murray]] as part of the [[41st Infantry Division (United States)|41st Infantry Division]] under Lt. Ralph S. Phelps (later to become commanding General of the 41st).<ref>Look magazine page 4, 25 March 1941</ref> The army, prompted by fears that its standing force would not perform well in the event of a winter attack on the [[Northeastern United States|Northeastern coast]], as well as knowledge that the [[German Army (Wehrmacht)|German Army]] already had three [[mountain warfare]] divisions known as [[Gebirgsjäger]], approved the concept for a division.<ref name="BG15" /> This required an overhaul of [[United States Armed Forces|U.S. military]] doctrine, as the concept of winter warfare had not been tested in the army since 1914.<ref name="Shelton13">((harvnb|Shelton|2003|p=13))</ref> At first, planners envisioned ten mountain divisions, but personnel shortages revised the goal to three. Eventually, the 10th Mountain Division would be the only one brought to active duty.<ref name="BG15">((harvnb|Baumgardner|1998|p=15))</ref> Military leaders continued to express concern about the feasibility of a division-sized mountain warfare unit until the fall of 1941,<ref name="Shelton15">((harvnb|Shelton|2003|p=15))</ref> when they received reports that [[Kingdom of Greece (Glücksburg)|Greek]] mountain troops had held back superior numbers of unprepared [[Kingdom of Italy|Italian]] troops in the [[Albania]]n mountains during the [[Greco-Italian War]]. The Italian military had lost a disastrous 25,000 men in the campaign because of their lack of preparedness to fight in the mountains.<ref name="Shelton2425">((harvnb|Shelton|2003|pp=24–25))</ref><ref name="Skiing8">((harvnb|Skiing Heritage Journal|1995|p=8))</ref> On 22 October 1941, General Marshall decided to form the first battalion of mountain warfare troops for a new mountain division.<ref name="BG16">((harvnb|Baumgardner|1998|p=16))</ref> The Ski Patrol would assist in its training.<ref name="Pushies10">((harvnb|Pushies|2008|p=10))</ref>

On 8 December 1941, the day after the [[Empire of Japan|Japanese]] [[attack on Pearl Harbor]] and the subsequent American entry into World War II, the army activated its first mountain unit, the [[87th Infantry Regiment (United States)|87th Mountain Infantry Battalion]] (which was later expanded to the [[87th Infantry Regiment (United States)|87th Infantry Regiment]]) at [[Fort Lewis (Washington)|Fort Lewis]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]], south of [[Tacoma, Washington|Tacoma]].<ref name="BG16" /> It was the first mountain warfare unit in U.S. military history.<ref name="Skiing5">((harvnb|Skiing Heritage Journal|1995|p=5))</ref> The [[National Ski Patrol]] took on the unique role of recruiting for the 87th Infantry Regiment and later the division, becoming the only civilian recruiting agency in military history.<ref name="BG16" /> Army planners favored recruiting experienced skiers for the unit instead of trying to train standing troops in mountain warfare, so Dole recruited from schools, universities, and ski clubs for the unit.<ref name="BG17">((harvnb|Baumgardner|1998|p=17))</ref> The 87th trained in harsh conditions, including [[Mount Rainier]]'s ((convert|14411|ft|adj=on)) peak, throughout 1942 as more recruits were brought in to form the division.<ref name="BG18">((harvnb|Baumgardner|1998|p=18))</ref><ref name="Shelton34">((harvnb|Shelton|2003|p=34))</ref> Initial training was conducted by Olympian [[Rolf Monsen]].<ref name="Pushies8">((harvnb|Pushies|2008|p=8))</ref> A new garrison was built for the division in central [[Colorado]] at [[Camp Hale]], at an [[elevation]] of ((convert|9200|ft|-1)) above [[sea level]].<ref name="Pushies11">((harvnb|Pushies|2008|p=11))</ref><ref name="BG20" />

=== World War II ===
[[File:Lloyd E. Jones (US Army General) 2.jpg|thumb|left|Brigadier General Lloyd E. Jones observes troops land at Amchitka Island during the Aleutians Campaign, shortly before assuming command of the 10th Light Division.]]
[[File:Lt. Gen. George P. Hays.jpg|thumb|left|Lt. Gen. George P. Hays assumed command after Jones fell ill in 1944.]]
The '''10th Light Division (Alpine)''' was constituted on 10 July 1943<ref name="Feueriv">((harvnb|Feuer|2006|p=iv))</ref> and activated five days later at [[Camp Hale]] under the command of [[Brigadier general (United States)|Brigadier General]] [[Lloyd E. Jones]], with Brigadier General [[Frank L. Culin Jr.]] assigned as his assistant division commander (ADC).<ref>((cite web |url=https://history.army.mil/books/agf/agf28.htm |title=History of the tenth Light Division (Alpine): The Army Ground Forces Study No. 28 |last=Govan |first=Thomas P. |date=September 1, 1946 |website=history.army.mil |publisher=U.S. Army ground Forces |location=Washington, DC |access-date=July 5, 2021))</ref> At the time, the division had a strength of 8,500 out of the 16,000 planned, so the military transferred troops from the [[30th Infantry Division (United States)|30th]], [[31st Infantry Division (United States)|31st]], and [[33rd Infantry Division (United States)|33rd Infantry Divisions]] along with volunteers from the [[Maine Department of Defense, Veterans, and Emergency Management|National Guards of Maine]], [[New Hampshire National Guard|New Hampshire]], [[Vermont National Guard|Vermont]], [[New York State Division of Military and Naval Affairs|New York]], [[Michigan National Guard|Michigan]], [[Wisconsin National Guard|Wisconsin]], [[Minnesota National Guard|Minnesota]], [[Iowa National Guard|Iowa]], [[North Dakota National Guard|North]] and [[South Dakota National Guard|South Dakota]], [[Colorado National Guard|Colorado]], [[Wyoming Military Department|Wyoming]], [[Montana National Guard|Montana]], [[Idaho Military Department|Idaho]], [[Utah National Guard|Utah]] and [[Washington National Guard|Washington]] (specifically, men who were from the [[Rocky Mountains|Rocky Mountain]] and [[Northern United States|northern states]], close to the [[45th parallel north]]), to fill out the remainder of the division.<ref name="BG19">((harvnb|Baumgardner|1998|p=19))</ref> This lowered morale, and the division faced many difficulties in the new training, which had no established army doctrine.<ref name="BG20">((harvnb|Baumgardner|1998|p=20))</ref> The 10th Light Division was centered on regimental commands; the [[85th Infantry Regiment (United States)|85th]], [[86th Infantry Regiment (United States)|86th]], and [[87th Infantry Regiment (United States)|87th Infantry Regiments]].<ref name="Almanac592">((harvnb|Young|1959|p=592))</ref> Also assigned to the division were the 604th, 605th, and 616th Field Artillery Battalions, the 110th Signal Company, the 710th Ordnance Company, the 10th Quartermaster Company, the 10th Reconnaissance Troop, the 126th Engineer Battalion, the 10th Medical Battalion, and the 10th Counterintelligence Corps Detachment.<ref name="Almanac592" /><ref name="Feuervi">((harvnb|Feuer|2006|p=vi))</ref> The 10th Light Division was unique in that it was the only division in the army with three [[field artillery]] battalions instead of four.<ref name="Almanac592" /> It was equipped with vehicles specialized in snow operation, such as the [[M29 Weasel]],<ref name="Pushies12">((harvnb|Pushies|2008|p=12))</ref> and winter weather gear, such as white camouflage and skis specifically designed for the division.<ref name="Pushies6">((harvnb|Pushies|2008|p=6))</ref><ref name="Shelton2">((harvnb|Shelton|2003|p=2))</ref> The division practiced its [[rock climbing]] skills in preparation for the invasion of [[Italy]] on the challenging peaks of [[Seneca Rocks]] in [[West Virginia]].

On 22 June 1944, the division was shipped to [[Camp Swift, Texas]], to prepare for maneuvers in [[Louisiana]], which were later canceled. A period of acclimation to a low altitude and hot climate was thought necessary to prepare for this training.<ref name="BG25">((harvnb|Baumgardner|1998|p=25))</ref> On 6 November 1944, the 10th Division was redesignated the '''10th Mountain Division'''.<ref name="Lineage" /> That same month, the blue and white [[Mountain tab|"Mountain" tab]] was authorized for the division's new [[shoulder sleeve insignia]].<ref name=TIOH>((cite web|title=10th Mountain Division: Shoulder Sleeve Insignia|url=http://www.tioh.hqda.pentagon.mil/Catalog/HeraldryMulti.aspx?CategoryId=3316&grp=2&menu=Uniformed%20Services|website=The Institute of Heraldry|access-date=18 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304082854/http://www.tioh.hqda.pentagon.mil/Catalog/HeraldryMulti.aspx?CategoryId=3316&grp=2&menu=Uniformed%20Services|archive-date=4 March 2016))</ref> Also in November, the division received a new commander, Brigadier General [[George Price Hays]], a [[Medal of Honor]] recipient and a distinguished veteran of [[World War I]]. On January 4, 1945 he received a promotion to major general.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://generals.dk/general/Hays/George_Price/USA.html|title=Biography of Lieutenant-General George Price Hays (1892–1978), USA))</ref>

==== Italy ====
[[File:10th Mountain, securing road (Italy, 1945).jpg|thumb|right|A machine gunner and two riflemen of Company "K" of the 87th Mountain Infantry Regiment, 10th Mountain Division, cover an assault squad routing Germans out of a building in the background. Sassomolare Area, Italy. Porretta-Modena Highway. March 4, 1945.]]

The division sailed for the [[Italian campaign (World War II)|Italian front]] in two parts, with the 86th Infantry and support leaving [[Camp Patrick Henry]], [[Virginia]] on 11 December 1944 aboard the [[SS Argentina (1929)|SS ''Argentina'']] and arriving in [[Naples]], Italy on 22 December. The 85th and 87th Infantry left [[Hampton Roads, Virginia]] on 4 January 1945 aboard the [[SS America (1940)|SS ''West Point'']] and arrived on 13 January 1945.<ref name="Feuervii">((harvnb|Feuer|2006|p=vii))</ref> By 6 January, its support units were preparing to head to the front lines.<ref name="Almanac590">((harvnb|Young|1959|p=590))</ref> It was attached to Major General [[Willis D. Crittenberger]]'s [[IV Corps (United States)|IV Corps]], part of the [[United States Army North|American Fifth Army]], commanded by [[Lieutenant general (United States)|Lieutenant General]] [[Lucian Truscott]].<ref name="Skiing6">((harvnb|Skiing Heritage Journal|1995|p=6))</ref> By 8 January, the 86th Infantry had moved to [[Bagni di Lucca]] near [[Mount Belvedere]] in preparation for an offensive by the Fifth Army to capture the mountain along with surrounding high ground, which allowed the Axis to block advances to [[Po Valley]]. Starting 14 January, the division began moving to [[Pisa, Italy|Pisa]] as part of the Fifth Army massing for this attack.<ref name="Feuervii" />

By 20 January, all three of the 10th's regiments were on or near the front line between the Serchio Valley and Mt. Belvedere. Col. Raymond C. Barlow commanded the 85th Regiment, Col. Clarence M. Tomlinson the 86th, and Col. David M. Fowler the 87th.<ref>McKay Jenkins, ''The Last Ridge'' (New York: Random House, 2003), p.&nbsp;149 ((ISBN|0-375-50771-X))</ref>

Preliminary defensive actions in mid-February were followed by ''[[Operation Encore]]'', a series of attacks in conjunction with troops of the [[Brazilian Expeditionary Force|1st Brazilian Infantry Division]], to dislodge the Germans from their artillery positions in the [[Apennine Mountains#Northern Apennines|Northern Apennines]] on the border between [[Tuscany]] and [[Emilia-Romagna]] regions, in order to make possible the Allied advance over the [[Po Valley]].<ref name="BG26">((harvnb|Baumgardner|1998|p=26 to 32))</ref> While the Brazilian division was in charge of taking [[Battle of Monte Castello|Monte Castello]] and ''Castelnuovo'' di [[Vergato]], the 10th Mountain Division was responsible for the ''Mount Belvedere'' area, climbing nearby Riva Ridge during the night of 18 February and attacking ''Mount Della Torraccia'' on 20 February. These peaks were cleared after four days of heavy fighting, as [[Axis powers|Axis]] troops launched several [[counterattack]]s in these positions.<ref name="Feuerviii">((harvnb|Feuer|2006|p=viii))</ref>

[[File:10th Mountain Division-advancing in April 1945.jpeg|thumb|right|250px|Elements of the 10th Mountain Division advancing in Italy in April 1945.]]

In early March, the division fought its way north of Canolle and moved to within ((convert|15|mi|km)) of [[Bologna]].<ref name="Almanac591">((harvnb|Young|1959|p=591))</ref> On 5 March, while Brazilian units captured Castelnuovo, the 85th and the 87th Infantry took respectively Mount Della Spe and [[Castel D'Aiano]], cutting the Axis routes of resupply and communication into the Po Valley, setting the stage for the next Fifth Army offensive.<ref name="Feuerviii" /> The division maintained defensive positions in this area for three weeks, anticipating a [[counteroffensive]] by the [[Wehrmacht|German forces]].<ref name="Almanac591" />

[[File:10th Mountain, Lake Garda (Italy, 1945).jpg|thumb|left|Members of the 86th Infantry Regiment, 10th Mountain Division, march north, near Malcesine, on Lake Garda, without meeting any resistance, April 29, 1945.]]

The division resumed its attack on 14 April, attacking Torre Iussi and Rocca Roffeno to the north of Mount Della Spe. On 17 April, it broke through the German defenses, which allowed it to advance into the Po Valley area.<ref name="Feuerviii" /> It captured [[Mongiorgio]] on 20 April and entered the valley, seizing the strategic points Pradalbino and [[Bomporto]].<ref name="Almanac591" /> The 10th crossed the [[Po (river)|Po River]] at [[San Benedetto Po]] on 23 April, reaching [[Verona]] 25 April, and ran into heavy opposition at [[Nago-Torbole|Torbole and Nago]].<ref name="Almanac591" /> After an [[amphibious warfare|amphibious]] crossing of [[Lake Garda]], it secured [[Gargnano]] and [[Porto di Tremosine]], on 30 April, as German resistance in Italy ended.<ref name="Almanac591" /> After the German surrender in Italy on 2 May 1945, the division went on security duty. On 5 May 1945 the division reached [[Nauders]], Austria, just beyond the [[Reschen Pass]], where it made contact with German forces being pushed south by the [[United States Seventh Army|U.S. Seventh Army]]. A status quo was maintained until the enemy headquarters involved had completed their surrender to the Seventh. On the 6th, 10th Mountain Division troops met the [[44th Infantry Division (United States)|44th Infantry Division]] of the Seventh Army.<ref name=Alps /> Between the 2nd and [[Victory in Europe Day]] on 8 May the 10th Mountain Division received the surrender of various German units and screened areas of occupation near [[Trieste]], [[Kobarid]], [[Bovec]] and [[Log pod Mangartom]], Slovenia.<ref name="Almanac591" /> The division moved to [[Udine]] on 20 May and joined the [[Eighth Army (United Kingdom)|British Eighth Army]] in preventing further westward movement of ground forces from the [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]].<ref name="Feuerix">((harvnb|Feuer|2006|p=ix))</ref>

==== Casualties ====
*'''Total battle casualties:''' 4,072<ref name="Nonbattle Deaths 1953">Army Battle Casualties and Nonbattle Deaths, Final Report (Statistical and Accounting Branch, Office of the Adjutant General, 1 June 1953)</ref>
*'''Killed in action:''' 992<ref name="Nonbattle Deaths 1953" />
*'''Wounded in action:''' 3,134<ref name="Nonbattle Deaths 1953" />
*'''Missing in action:''' 38<ref name="Nonbattle Deaths 1953" />
*'''Prisoners of war:''' 28<ref name="Nonbattle Deaths 1953" />

==== Demobilization ====
Originally, the division was to be sent to the [[Pacific War|Pacific theater]] to take part in [[Operation Downfall]], the invasion of [[mainland Japan]], as one of the primary assault forces. However, [[Surrender of Japan|Japan surrendered]] in August 1945 following the [[atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki]].<ref name="BG39">((harvnb|Baumgardner|1998|p=39))</ref> The division returned to the US two days later.<ref name="Almanac590" /> It was demobilized and inactivated on 30 November 1945 at [[Camp Carson, Colorado|Camp Carson]], Colorado.<ref name="Feuerx">((harvnb|Feuer|2006|p=x))</ref> During World War II, the 10th Mountain Division suffered 992 [[killed in action]] and 4,154 [[wounded in action]] in 114 days of combat.<ref name="BG37">((harvnb|Baumgardner|1998|p=37))</ref> Soldiers of the division were awarded one [[Medal of Honor]] ([[John D. Magrath]]), three [[Distinguished Service Cross (United States)|Distinguished Service Crosses]], one [[Distinguished Service Medal (U.S. Army)|Distinguished Service Medal]], 449 [[Silver Star Medal]]s, seven [[Legion of Merit]] Medals, 15 [[Soldier's Medal]]s, and 7,729 [[Bronze Star Medal]]s.<ref name="Almanac590" /> The division itself was awarded two [[campaign streamers]].<ref name="Almanac590" />

=== Cold War ===
In June 1948, the division was rebuilt and activated at [[Fort Riley]], [[Kansas]] to serve as a [[training division]]. Without its "Mountain" tab, the division served as the 10th Infantry Division for the next ten years. The unit was charged with processing and training replacements in large numbers. This mission was expanded with the outbreak of the [[Korean War]] in 1950. By 1953, the division had trained 123,000 new Army recruits at Fort Riley.<ref name="BG40">((harvnb|Baumgardner|1998|p=40))</ref>

In 1954, the division was converted to a combat division once again, though it did not regain its "Mountain" status.<ref name="BG40" /> Using equipment from the deactivating [[37th Infantry Division (United States)|37th Infantry Division]], the '''10th Infantry Division''' was deployed to Germany, replacing the [[1st Infantry Division (United States)|1st Infantry Division]] at [[Würzburg]], serving as part of the [[North Atlantic Treaty Organization]] (NATO) defensive force. The division served in Germany for four years, until it was rotated out and replaced by the [[3rd Infantry Division (United States)|3rd Infantry Division]]. The division moved to [[Fort Benning]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], and was inactivated on 14 June 1958.<ref name="BG40" />

==== Reactivation ====
On 13 February 1985, the 10th Mountain Division (Light Infantry) was reactivated at [[Fort Drum|Fort Drum, New York]].<ref name="BG40" /> In accordance with the [[Reorganization Objective Army Divisions]] plan, the division was no longer centered on regiments, instead two brigades were activated under the division. The [[1st Brigade, 10th Mountain Division (United States)|1st Brigade, 10th Mountain Division]] (commanded by then Colonel [[Jack Keane|John M. Keane]], later 4-Star General and Army Vice Chief of Staff) and [[10th Mountain Division Artillery (United States)|Division Artillery]] were activated at Fort Drum, while the [[2nd Brigade, 10th Mountain Division (United States)|2nd Brigade, 10th Mountain Division]] was activated at [[Fort Benning]], moving to Fort Drum in 1988.<ref>((harvnb|McGrath|2004|p=189))</ref> The division was also assigned a round-out brigade from the [[Army National Guard]], the [[27th Infantry Brigade (United States)|27th Infantry Brigade]].<ref>((harvnb|McGrath|2004|p=232))</ref> The division was specially designed as a [[light infantry]] division able to rapidly deploy. In this process, it lost its mountain warfare capability, but its light infantry organization still made it versatile for difficult terrain.<ref name="Sasser12">((harvnb|Sasser|2009|p=12))</ref> Equipment design was oriented toward reduced size and weight for reasons of both strategic and tactical mobility.<ref name="BG40" /> The division also received a [[distinctive unit insignia]].<ref name="TIOH" />

===== Structure in 1989 =====
[[File:10th US Mountain Division 1989.png|thumb|right|480px|10th Mountain Division (Light) 1989 (click to enlarge)]]
At the end of the [[Cold War]], the division was organized as follows:

* '''10th Mountain Division (Light)''', [[Fort Drum]], New York((Sfn|Johnson|Callahan|2012|p=13))
** Headquarters & Headquarters Company
**'''[[1st Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division (United States)|1st Brigade]]'''
*** Headquarters & Headquarters Company
*** 1st Battalion, 22nd Infantry<ref>((Cite web|last=Hensler|first=Robert|title=Activation of 1-22 IN at Ft. Drum, NY in the 10th Mountain Division|url=http://1-22infantry.org/history/activation.htm|access-date=6 July 2020|publisher=1st Battalion 22nd Infantry))</ref><ref>((Cite news|date=8 June 1989|title=Lake View Native Earns High Military Post|page=15|work=The Sun and the Erie County Independent|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/54818759/ltc-jeffrey-l-spara-takes-command-of/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]))</ref>
*** 2nd Battalion, 22nd Infantry
*** 1st Battalion, 87th Infantry<ref>((Cite web|title=I-87 Battalion History|url=https://www.drum.army.mil/1stBCT/Pages/I-87_BattalionHistory_lvl3.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111101215512/https://www.drum.army.mil/1stBCT/Pages/I-87_BattalionHistory_lvl3.aspx|archive-date=1 November 2011|access-date=1 November 2011|publisher=1st Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division))</ref>
**'''[[2nd Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division (United States)|2nd Brigade]]'''<ref name="Pushies">((harvnb|Pushies|2008))</ref>
*** Headquarters & Headquarters Company
*** 2nd Battalion, [[14th Infantry Regiment (United States)|14th Infantry]]<ref>((cite web |title=2nd Battalion, 14th Infantry Lineage |url=https://history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/inf/0014in002bn.htm |publisher=US Army Center of Military History |access-date=26 June 2020))</ref><ref name="Pushies" />
*** 3rd Battalion, 14th Infantry<ref name="Pushies" />
*** 2nd Battalion, 87th Infantry<ref>((cite web |title=2nd Battalion, 87th Infantry Lineage |url=https://history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/inf/0087in002bn.htm |publisher=US Army Center of Military History |access-date=26 June 2020))</ref><ref name="Pushies" />
**'''[[27th Infantry Brigade Combat Team (United States)|27th Infantry Brigade (Light)]]''', [[Syracuse, New York|Syracuse]] ([[New York Army National Guard]])<ref>((cite web |title=27th Infantry Brigade (Light) |url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/agency/army/27in-bde.htm |publisher=Global Security |access-date=2 July 2020)) ((unreliable?|date=January 2024))</ref>
*** Headquarters & Headquarters Company
*** 1st Battalion, [[108th Infantry Regiment (United States)|108th Infantry]], [[Auburn, New York|Auburn]]<ref name="108th">((cite web |title=108th Infantry Lineage |url=https://history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/inf/0108in.htm |publisher=US Army Center of Military History |access-date=26 June 2020))</ref>
*** 2nd Battalion, 108th Infantry, Syracuse<ref name="108th" />
*** 3rd Battalion, 108th Infantry, [[Utica, New York|Utica]]<ref name="108th" />
*** 1st Battalion, 156th Field Artillery, [[Kingston, New York|Kingston]], (18 × [[M101 howitzer|M101]] 105&nbsp;mm towed howitzer)<ref name="McKenney – 2">((cite web |last1=McKenney |first1=Janice E. |title=Field Artillery – Army Lineage Series – Part 2 |url=https://history.army.mil/html/books/060/60-11_pt2/CMH_Pub_60-11_pt2.pdf |publisher=US Army Center of Military History |access-date=26 June 2020))</ref>
*** 427th Support Battalion (Forward), Syracuse
*** Troop E, [[101st Cavalry Regiment|101st Cavalry]], [[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo]]
*** 827th Engineer Company, Buffalo
**'''[[Combat Aviation Brigade, 10th Mountain Division|Aviation Brigade]]'''<ref>((Cite web|url=https://history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/div/010mdCAB.htm|title=Headquarters and Headquarters Company, Combat Aviation Brigade, 10th Mountain Division &#124; Lineage and Honors &#124; U.S. Army Center of Military History|website=history.army.mil))</ref>
*** Headquarters & Headquarters Company
*** 3rd Squadron, [[17th Cavalry Regiment (United States)|17th Cavalry]] (Reconnaissance)<ref>((cite web |title=3rd Squadron, 17th Cavalry Lineage |url=https://history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/armor-cav/017cv003sq.htm |publisher=US Army Center of Military History |access-date=26 June 2020))</ref>
*** 2nd Battalion, [[25th Aviation Regiment (United States)|25th Aviation]] (Attack)<ref>((cite web |title=2nd Battalion, 25th Aviation Lineage |url=https://history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/av/025av002bn.htm |publisher=US Army Center of Military History |access-date=26 June 2020))</ref>
*** Company C, 25th Aviation (General Support)<ref>((cite web |title=3rd Battalion, 25th Aviation Lineage |url=https://history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/av/025av003bn.htm |publisher=US Army Center of Military History |access-date=26 June 2020))</ref>
*** Company D, 25th Aviation (Assault)
**'''[[10th Mountain Division Artillery|Division Artillery]]'''<ref name="Field Artillery 1990">((cite web |title=Field Artillery – February 1990 |year = 1990|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rqUrAAAAYAAJ |publisher=US Army Field Artillery School |access-date=18 June 2020))</ref><ref name="Field Artillery 1987">((cite web |title=Field Artillery – February 1987 |year = 1987|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3qQrAAAAYAAJ |publisher=US Army Field Artillery School |access-date=19 June 2020))</ref>
*** Headquarters & Headquarters Battery
*** 1st Battalion, [[7th Field Artillery Regiment (United States)|7th Field Artillery]] (18 × M101 105&nbsp;mm towed howitzer)<ref>((cite web |title=1st Battalion, 7th Field Artillery Lineage |url=https://history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/fa/0007fa01bn.htm |publisher=US Army Center of Military History |access-date=26 June 2020))</ref><ref name="McKenney – 1">((cite web |last1=McKenney |first1=Janice E. |title=Field Artillery – Army Lineage Series – Part 1 |url=https://history.army.mil/html/books/060/60-11_pt1/CMH_Pub_60-11_pt1.pdf |publisher=US Army Center of Military History |access-date=26 June 2020))</ref>
*** 2nd Battalion, 7th Field Artillery (18 × M101 105&nbsp;mm towed howitzer)<ref name="McKenney – 1" />
*** Battery E, 7th Field Artillery (8 × [[M198 howitzer|M198]] 155&nbsp;mm towed howitzer)<ref name="McKenney – 1" />
**'''[[10th Sustainment Brigade|Division Support Command]]'''
*** Headquarters & Headquarters Company
*** 10th Medical Battalion
*** 10th Supply & Transportation Battalion<ref>((cite web |title=10th Support Battalion Lineage |url=https://history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/spt/0010sptbn.htm |publisher=US Army Center of Military History |access-date=26 June 2020))</ref>
*** 710th Maintenance Battalion
*** Company E, 25th Aviation (Aviation Intermediate Maintenance)
** 3rd Battalion, [[62nd Air Defense Artillery Regiment|62nd Air Defense Artillery]]
** 41st Engineer Battalion<ref>((cite web |title=41st Engineer Battalion Lineage |url=https://history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/eng/0041enbn.htm |publisher=US Army Center of Military History |access-date=26 June 2020))</ref>
** 10th Signal Battalion<ref>((cite web |last1=Raines |first1=Rebecca Robbins |title=Signal Corps |url=https://history.army.mil/html/books/060/60-15-1/CMH_Pub_60-15-1.pdf |publisher=US Army Center of Military History |access-date=21 June 2020))</ref>
** 110th Military Intelligence Battalion
** 10th Military Police Company
** 59th Chemical Company<ref>((cite web |title=59th Chemical Company Lineage |url=https://history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/chem/059cmco.htm |publisher=US Army Center of Military History |access-date=26 June 2020))</ref>
** 10th Mountain Division Band<ref>((cite web |title=10th Mountain Division Band Lineage |url=https://history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/bands/band-010mo.htm |publisher=US Army Center of Military History |access-date=26 June 2020))</ref>

=== Contingencies ===
[[File:10th Mountain Divsion sweep Somali village.jpg|thumb|right|Soldiers of the 10th Mountain Division sweep a [[Somali people|Somali]] village for weapons in 1993.]]
In 1990, the division sent 1,200 soldiers to support [[Operation Desert Storm]].<ref name="Skiing13">((harvnb|Skiing Heritage Journal|1995|p=13))</ref> Two infantry platoons from the division were among those sent: 1st Platoon Bravo Company 1/22 and the 1/22 Scout Platoon. Once in Iraq, the scouts were sent home and First Platoon was left as a counterintelligence force. Performing three-man 24hr patrols through the remainder of their deployment, this platoon was widely regarded as the division's best at that time. Following a cease-fire in March 1991, the support soldiers began redeploying to Fort Drum through June of that year.<ref name="BG40" />

[[Hurricane Andrew]] struck [[South Florida]] on 24 August 1992, killing 13 people, leaving another 250,000 homeless, and causing damages in excess of $20&nbsp;billion. On 27 August 1992, the 10th Mountain Division assumed responsibility for Hurricane Andrew disaster relief as [[Task Force]] Mountain.<ref name="Skiing13" /> Division soldiers set up relief camps, distributed food, clothing, medical necessities, and building supplies, as well as helping to rebuild homes and clear debris. The last of the 6,000 division soldiers deployed to Florida returned home in October 1992.<ref name="BG40" />

==== Operation Restore Hope ====
[[File:187infwpresbush1993.jpg|thumb|left|Members of the 10th Mountain Division with President [[George H. W. Bush]], January 1993.]]
On 3 December 1992, the division headquarters was designated as the headquarters for all Army Forces (ARFOR) of the [[Unified Task Force]] (UNITAF) for [[Operation Restore Hope]]. [[Major General]] [[Steven L. Arnold]], the division Commander, was named Army Forces commander. The 10th Mountain Division's mission was to secure major cities and roads to provide safe passage of relief supplies to the Somali population suffering from the effects of the [[Somali Civil War]].<ref name="Skiing13" />

Due to 10th Mountain Division efforts, humanitarian agencies declared an end to the food emergency and factional fighting decreased.<ref name="GSO">((cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/agency/army/10mtn.htm |title=GlobalSecurity.org: 10th Mountain Division |work=[[GlobalSecurity]] |access-date=6 July 2009))</ref> When [[Task Force Ranger]] and the [[Search & rescue|SAR]] team were pinned down during a raid in what later became known as the [[Battle of Mogadishu (1993)|Battle of Mogadishu]], the 10th Mountain Division provided infantry for the UN quick reaction force sent to rescue them. The 10th Mountain Division had two soldiers killed in the fighting, which was the longest sustained firefight by regular US Army forces since the [[Vietnam War]].<ref name="Sasser12" /> The division began a gradual reduction of forces in Somalia in February 1994, until the last soldiers of the 2nd Battalion, [[22nd Infantry Regiment (United States)|22nd Infantry]] returned to the United States in March 1994.<ref name="GSO" />

==== Operation Uphold Democracy ====
[[File:Port-au-Prince airfield seizure.jpg|thumb|Soldiers of the 10th Mountain Division secure [[Port-au-Prince International Airport]] in 1994.]]
The division formed the nucleus of the Multinational Force Haiti (MNF Haiti) and Joint Task Force 190 (JTF 190) in Haiti during [[Operation Uphold Democracy]].<ref name="Skiing13" /> More than 8,600 of the division's troops deployed during this operation.<ref name="divhist" /> On 19 September 1994, the 1st Brigade conducted the Army's first [[air assault]] from [[aircraft carrier]] [[USS Dwight D. Eisenhower (CVN-69)|USS ''Dwight D. Eisenhower'']]. This force consisted of 54 helicopters and almost 2,000 soldiers. They occupied the [[Port-au-Prince International Airport]]. This was the largest Army air operation conducted from a carrier since the [[Doolittle Raid]] in World War II.<ref name="GSO" />

The division's mission was to create a secure and stable environment so the government of Haitian President [[Jean-Bertrand Aristide]] could be reestablished and democratic elections held. After this was accomplished, the 10th Mountain Division handed over control of the MNF-Haiti to the [[25th Infantry Division (United States)|25th Infantry Division]] on 15 January 1995. The division redeployed the last of its soldiers who served in Haiti by 31 January 1995.<ref name="divhist">((cite web|url=http://www.drum.army.mil/sites/about/hist-10mtn.asp |title=Fort Drum Homepage: History of the 10th Mountain Division|work=[[Fort Drum, New York|Fort Drum]] Public Affairs Office|access-date=6 July 2009|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080512010021/http://www.drum.army.mil/sites/about/hist-10mtn.asp |archive-date = 12 May 2008))</ref>

==== Operation Joint Forge ====
In the fall of 1998, the division received notice that it would be serving as senior headquarters of [[Task Force Eagle]], providing a peacekeeping force to support the ongoing operation within the Multi-National Division-North area of responsibility in [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]].<ref name="divhist" /> Selected division units began deploying in late summer, approximately 3,000 division soldiers deployed. After successfully performing their mission in Bosnia, the division units conducted a transfer of authority, relinquishing their assignments to soldiers of the [[49th Armored Division]], [[Texas National Guard]]. By early summer 2000, all 10th Mountain Division soldiers had returned safely to Fort Drum.<ref name="divhist" />

==== Operation Joint Guardian ====

==== Readiness controversy ====
During the [[2000 United States presidential election|2000 presidential election]], the readiness of the 10th Mountain Division became a political issue when [[George W. Bush]] asserted that the division was "not ready for duty." He attributed the division's low readiness to the frequent deployments throughout the 1990s without time in between for division elements to retrain and refit.<ref name="ABC">((cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/Story?id=123205&page=1 |title=Army Strikes Back at Bush |work=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] |access-date=9 July 2009))</ref> A report from the [[US General Accounting Office]] in July 2000 also noted that although the entire 10th Mountain Division was not deployed to the contingencies at once, "deployment of key components—especially headquarters—makes these divisions unavailable for deployment elsewhere in case of a major war".<ref name="thinktank">((cite web |url=http://www.heritage.org/research/missiledefense/bg1394.cfm |title=The Facts about Military Readiness |work=[[The Heritage Foundation]] |access-date=9 July 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100131004707/http://www.heritage.org/research/missiledefense/bg1394.cfm |archive-date=31 January 2010 ))</ref> [[Conservatism in the United States|Conservative]] [[think tank]] [[The Heritage Foundation]] agreed with these sentiments, charging that the US military overall was not prepared for war due to post-[[Cold War]] drawdowns of the US Military.<ref name="thinktank" /> The Army responded that, though the 10th Mountain Division had been unprepared following its deployment as Task Force Eagle, that the unit was fully prepared for combat by late 2000 despite being undermanned.<ref>((cite news|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/stories/1999/11/10/national/main69767.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110205042048/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/1999/11/10/national/main69767.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 February 2011 |title=Army: 2 Units Unprepared |work=[[CBS News]] |access-date=9 July 2009 | date=10 November 1999))</ref> Still, the Army moved the 10th Mountain Division down on the deployment list, allowing it time to retrain and refit.<ref name="ABC" />

In 2002, columnist and highly decorated military veteran [[David Hackworth]] again criticized the 10th Mountain Division for being unprepared due to lack of training, low physical fitness, unprepared leadership, and low morale. He said the division was no longer capable of mountain warfare.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.military.com/Resources/ResourceFileView?file=Hackworth_070302.htm |title=No Bad Units, Only Bad Leaders |work=[[David Hackworth]] |access-date=9 July 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090611025625/http://www.military.com/Resources/ResourceFileView?file=Hackworth_070302.htm |archive-date=11 June 2009 ))</ref>

=== War on Terrorism ===

==== Initial deployments and 2004 reorganization ====
[[File:Village of Aranas, Nuristan province.jpg|thumb|10th Mountain Soldier on patrol in Afghanistan's [[Nuristan Province]].]]
[[File:Defense.gov News Photo 080306-F-1936B-311.jpg|thumb|Soldiers of the 350th Tactical Psychological Operations, 10th Mountain Division [[Airborne leaflet propaganda|drop propaganda leaflets]] over a village near [[Hawija]], Iraq in March 2008.]]

Following the [[11 September 2001 attacks]], elements of the division, including its [[special troops battalion]] and 1st Battalion, [[87th Infantry Regiment (United States)|87th Infantry Regiment]] (1-87th) infantry deployed to [[Afghanistan]] as part of [[Operation Enduring Freedom]] in late 2001. The division headquarters arrived at [[Karshi-Khanabad Air Base]], under Major General [[Franklin L. Hagenbeck]], on 12 December 2001 to function as the [[Combined Forces Land Component Command]] (CFLCC) (Forward).<ref>''A Different Kind of War'', 127.</ref> This command served as the representative for Lieutenant General [[Paul T. Mikolashek]], the Third US Army/CFLCC commanding general (CG) in the theater of operations. As such, Hagenbeck's headquarters was responsible for commanding and controlling virtually all Coalition ground forces and ground force operations in the theater, including the security of Coalition airfields in Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, and Pakistan, as well as the logistics operations set up to support those forces. The division was also intended to defend Uzbekistan against attacks by the [[Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan]], which was seeking to overthrow [[Islam Karimov]]'s secular government.<ref>((Cite book|last=Henriksen|first=Thomas H.|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9781009053242/type/book|title=America's Wars: Interventions, Regime Change, and Insurgencies after the Cold War|date=2022-01-31|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-009-05324-2|edition=1|doi=10.1017/9781009053242.005))</ref> 

On 13 February 2002, Mikolashek ordered Hagenbeck to move CFLCC (Forward) to Bagram airfield located at Bagram and 2 days later the headquarters was officially redesignated as Combined Joint Task Force (CJTF) Mountain.<ref>''A Different Kind of War'', 132</ref> It assumed responsibility for the planning and execution of what had then become known as [[Operation Anaconda]].((cn|date=January 2024))

Elements of the division, primarily 1-87th Infantry, remained in the country until mid-2002, fighting to secure remote areas of the country and participating in prominent operations such as [[Operation Anaconda]], the [[Fall of Mazar-i-Sharif]], and the [[Battle of Qala-i-Jangi]].<ref name="Lineage">((cite web|url=http://www.history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/div/010mdhq&tcp.htm |title=Lineage and Honors Information: 10th Mountain Division |publisher=[[United States Army Center of Military History]] |access-date=6 July 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100608031234/http://www.history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/div/010mdhq%26tcp.htm |archive-date= 8 June 2010 ))</ref> These 1-87th Infantry soldiers became the first US conventional forces to fight in Afghanistan.  The division also participated in fighting in the [[Shah-i-Kot Valley|Shahi Khot Valley]] in 2002. In June 2002, elements of the [[82nd Airborne Division]] arrived to relieve CJTF Mountain, and in September, Major General [[John R. Vines]] and his [[Combined Task Force 82]] relieved CJTF Mountain as the major subordinate headquarters to [[Combined Joint Task Force 180]].<ref>Koontz, Enduring Voices, 3.</ref> Upon the return of the battalions, they were welcomed home and praised by President Bush.<ref>((cite news|last1=Gilmore|first1=Gerry|title='Be Proud, Strong, Ready,' Bush Tells 10th Mountain Troops|url=http://archive.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=43634|access-date=18 December 2015|agency=American Forces Press Service|publisher=US Department of Defence|date=19 July 2002|archive-date=28 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928225623/http://archive.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=43634))</ref>

In 2003, the division's headquarters, along with the 1st Brigade, returned to Afghanistan. During that time, they operated in the frontier regions of the country such as [[Paktika Province]], going to places previously untouched by the war in search of [[Taliban]] and [[Al-Qaeda]] forces. Fighting in several small-scale conflicts such as [[Operation Avalanche (Afghanistan)|Operation Avalanche]], [[Operation Mountain Resolve]], and [[Operation Mountain Viper]], the division maintained a strategy of small units moving through remote regions of the country to interact directly with the population and drive out insurgents.<ref>((cite journal|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/2004/0114/p01s04-wosc.html |title=Going in small in Afghanistan |journal=[[The Christian Science Monitor]] |date=14 January 2004 |access-date=9 July 2009))</ref> The 1st Brigade also undertook a number of humanitarian missions.<ref name="GSO" />

In 2003 and into 2004, the division's aviation brigade deployed for the first time to [[Afghanistan]]. As the only aviation brigade in the theater, the brigade provided air support for all US Army units operating in the country. The brigade's mission at that time focused on [[close air support]], [[medevac]] missions, and other duties involving combat with [[Taliban]] and [[Al-Qaeda]] forces in the country. The 10th Mountain Division was the first unit to introduce contract working dogs into southern Afghanistan.  In the spring of 2004, they had Patriot K-9 Services supply 20 dog teams based at KAF.  The teams were trained to detect explosives and perform patrol duties throughout the region.  The brigade returned to Fort Drum in 2004.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.defenselink.mil/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=14816 |title=10th Combat Aviation Brigade Assumes OEF Aviation Mission |publisher=Defenselink.mil |access-date=19 July 2009))</ref>

On the return of the division headquarters and 1st Brigade, the 10th Mountain Division began the process of [[Transformation of the United States Army|transformation]] into a modular division.<ref name="FORT DRUM PAMPHLET 600 – 5">((cite web|title=FORT DRUM PAMPHLET 600 – 5|url=http://www.drum.army.mil/NCOAcademy/Documents/Pam%20600-5.pdf|access-date=26 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170810052921/http://www.drum.army.mil/NCOAcademy/Documents/Pam%20600-5.pdf|archive-date=10 August 2017))</ref> On 16 September 2004, the division headquarters finished its transformation, adding the [[10th Mountain Division Special Troops Battalion]]. The 1st Brigade became the 1st [[Brigade Combat Team]],<ref name="1bdehist">((cite web|url=http://www.history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/div/010md1bct.htm |title=Lineage and Honors Information: 1st Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division |publisher=United States Army Center of Military History |access-date=9 July 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100116025718/http://www.history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/div/010md1bct.htm |archive-date=16 January 2010 |url-status=live))</ref> while the [[3rd Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division (United States)|3rd Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division]] was activated for the first time.<ref name="3bdehist">((cite web |url=http://www.history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/div/010md3bct.htm |title=Lineage and Honors Information: 3rd Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division |publisher=United States Army Center of Military History |access-date=9 July 2009 |archive-date=8 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100608031213/http://www.history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/div/010md3bct.htm ))</ref> In January 2005, the [[4th Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division]] was activated at [[Fort Polk]], [[Louisiana]].<ref name="4bdehist">((cite web |url=http://www.history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/div/010md4bct.htm |title=Lineage and Honors Information: 4th Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division |publisher=United States Army Center of Military History |access-date=9 July 2009 |archive-date=8 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100608031130/http://www.history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/div/010md4bct.htm ))</ref> 2nd Brigade Combat Team would not be transformed until September 2005, pending a deployment to [[Iraq]].<ref name="Sasser12" />

==== Iraq deployments ====
In late 2004, the 2nd Brigade Combat Team was deployed to Iraq supporting [[Operation Iraqi Freedom]]. The 2nd Brigade Combat Team undertook combat operations in western [[Baghdad]], an area of responsibility that included [[Abu Ghraib]], [[Mansour neighbourhood|Mansour]], and [[Route Irish]]. It returned to the US in late 2005.<ref name="Sasser12" /> Around that time, the 1st Brigade Combat Team deployed back to Iraq, staying in the country until 2006.<ref name="1bdehist" />

The next time the 1st Brigade Combat Team was deployed was during the Surge for 15 months in Iraq. Northern Iraq was the theater of operations for 1 BCT from August 2007 until November 2008.((cn|date=January 2024))

The 4th BCT operated in Northeast Baghdad under the 4th Infantry Division headquarters from November 2007 until January 2009. The 10th Mountain participated in larger-scale operations, such as [[Operation Phantom Phoenix]].((cn|date=January 2024))

After a one-year rest, the headquarters of the 10th Mountain Division was deployed to Iraq for the first time in April 2008. The division headquarters served as the command element for southern Baghdad until late March 2009, when it displaced to Basrah to replace departing British forces on 31 March 2009 to coordinate security for the Multinational Division-South area of responsibility, a consolidation of the previously Polish-led south-central and British-led southeast operational areas. The 10th Mountain Division headquarters transferred authority for MND-S to the [[34th Infantry Division (United States)|34th Infantry Division]], Minnesota Army National Guard on 20 May 2009.((cn|date=January 2024))

The 2nd Brigade Combat Team was scheduled to deploy to Iraq in the fall of 2009, as a part of the 2009–2010 rotation to Iraq.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.army.mil/-news/2009/07/14/24364-army-announces-next-iraq-rotation/?ref=home-headline-title0 |title=Army Announces next Iraq Rotation |work=US Army Public Affairs Office |access-date=15 July 2009))</ref>

==== Afghanistan deployments ====
[[File:Flickr - The U.S. Army - Security patrol.jpg|thumb|left|10th Mountain Division troops from the 1st Battalion, 32nd Infantry hike through [[Kunar Province]].]]
The division headquarters, the 3rd Brigade Combat Team, and two Battalion Task Forces from the 4th Brigade Combat Team deployed to Afghanistan in 2006, staying in the country until 2007. The division and brigade served in the eastern region of the country, along the border with [[Pakistan]], fulfilling a similar role as it did during its previous deployment.<ref name="Sasser1">((harvnb|Sasser|2009|p=1))</ref> During this time, the deployment of the brigade was extended along with that of the 4th Brigade, [[82nd Airborne Division]]. It was eventually replaced by the [[173rd Airborne Brigade Combat Team]] which was rerouted from Iraq.<ref name="Vogt">((cite news|url=http://www.armytimes.com/news/2007/02/AT173rd070214/ |work=[[Army Times]] |date=16 February 2007 |first=Melissa |last=Vogt |access-date=24 April 2008 |title=173rd Airborne heading to Afghanistan |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121208213352/http://www.armytimes.com/news/2007/02/AT173rd070214/ |archive-date=8 December 2012 |url-status=live))</ref>

In the winter of 2006, the 10th Aviation Brigade, 10th Mountain Division, was deployed again to Afghanistan to support Operation Enduring Freedom as the only aviation brigade in the theater, stationed at [[Bagram Air Base]], Afghanistan. Named "Task Force Falcon," the brigade's mission was to conduct aviation operations to destroy insurgents and anti-coalition militia in an effort to help build the [[Afghan National Security Force]]'s capability and allow the Afghan government to increase its capabilities. In addition, the Task Force provided logistical and combat support for [[International Security Assistance Force]] forces throughout the country.<ref name="avGSO">((cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/agency/army/10mtn-avn-bde.htm |title=GlobalSecurity.org: 10th Combat Aviation Brigade |publisher=[[GlobalSecurity]] |access-date=18 July 2009))</ref>

The [[3rd Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division (United States)|3rd Brigade Combat Team]] was slated to deploy to Iraq in 2009, but that deployment was rerouted. In January 2009, the [[3rd Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division (United States)|3rd BCT]] instead deployed to [[Kunar Province|Kunar]], [[Logar Province|Logar]] and [[Wardak Province|Wardak]] Provinces, eastern Afghanistan to relieve the [[101st Airborne Division]], as part of a new buildup of US forces in that country.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.defenselink.mil/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=52825 |title=10th Mountain Division Leads New Deployments to Afghanistan |work=DefenseLink |access-date=7 July 2009))</ref> The brigade was responsible for expanding [[forward operating base]]s and [[outpost (military)|combat outposts]] (COPs) in the region, as well as strengthening US military presence in preparation for additional US forces to arrive.<ref>((cite web |url=http://www.nato.int/isaf/docu/pressreleases/2009/01/pr090127-078.html |title=10th Mountain Division troops move into Logar, Wardak provinces |work=[[International Security Assistance Force|ISAF]] Public Affairs Office |access-date=7 July 2009 |archive-date=16 July 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090716025553/http://www.nato.int/isaf/docu/pressreleases/2009/01/pr090127-078.html ))</ref>

[[File:1-87 Infantry engaging Taliban.jpg|thumb|1st Battalion, [[87th Infantry Regiment (United States)|87th Infantry Regiment]] infantry engaging Taliban.]]
The 1st Brigade Combat Team was scheduled to deploy to Iraq in late 2009 but deployed instead to Afghanistan in March 2010 for 13 months.<ref>((cite news|last1=Garamone|first1=Jim|title=1st Brigade Combat Team will join troop surge in Afghanistan|url=http://www.drum.army.mil/mountaineer/Article.aspx?ID=3258|access-date=18 December 2015|agency=American Forces Press Service|publisher=Fort Drum: United States Army|date=10 December 2009|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304110825/http://www.drum.army.mil/mountaineer/Article.aspx?ID=3258))</ref> [[1-87th Infantry]] deployed to [[Kunduz Province|Kunduz]] and [[Baghlan Province|Baghlan]] Provinces, establishing remote [[outpost (military)|combat outposts]] (COPs) against the Taliban after they had taken control of these provinces over the last several years.  Notably, elements of the regiment were responsible for numerous large-scale engagements, including The Battle of Shahabuddin<ref>((cite news|url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/the-battle-of-shahabuddin-under-fire-in-afghanistan-s-baghlan-province-a-722605.html |title=The Battle of Shahabuddin |work=Spiegel Online |date=13 October 2010 |access-date=13 October 2010|last1=Demmer |first1=Ulrike ))</ref> and securing a High-Value Target (HVT) after an [[air assault]] raid. Some elements of the Brigade deployed to Afghanistan in late January 2013 to Ghazni Provence for nine months.((cn|date=January 2024))

[[File:Defense.gov News Photo 101113-A-6521C-059 - U.S. Army soldiers with Charlie Troop 3rd Squadron 89th Cavalry 4th Infantry Brigade Combat Team 10th Mountain Division wait for the order to.jpg|thumb|10th Mountain Soldiers during an operation in [[Logar Province]].]]
The [[3rd Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division (United States)|3rd Brigade Combat Team]] deployed to Kandahar Province, southern Afghanistan in March 2011, again relieving the [[101st Airborne Division]]. During this deployment, [[3rd Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division (United States)|3rd BCT]] mainly occupied [[forward operating base]]s (FOBs) and [[outpost (military)|combat outposts]] (COPs) in the [[Maywand District|Maywand]], [[Zhari District|Zhari]], and [[Arghandab District|Arghandab]] Districts of Kandahar Province. The brigade was redeployed to Fort Drum in March 2012 after a twelve-month deployment.((cn|date=January 2024))

The 4th Brigade Combat Team deployed to Regional Command East, under the 101st Airborne Division from October 2010 until their redeployment in October 2011. The 4th BCT deployed to both Wardak and Logar provinces. During this deployment, they went to places such as Chakh Valley in Wardak Province and Charkh Valley in Logar Province in search of elements of the Haqqani Network. In May 2013, the brigade deployed again to Afghanistan returning home in February 2014.<ref>((cite web |last=Matthews |first=Jeff |url=http://www.thetowntalk.com/article/20140212/NEWS01/302120018/Fort-Polk-soldiers-return-Group-from-4th-Brigade-Combat-Team-comes-home-after-service-Afghanistan |title=Local News &#124; The Town Talk |publisher=thetowntalk.com |date=12 February 2014 |access-date=13 October 2015 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140215214336/http://www.thetowntalk.com/article/20140212/NEWS01/302120018/Fort-Polk-soldiers-return-Group-from-4th-Brigade-Combat-Team-comes-home-after-service-Afghanistan |archive-date=15 February 2014 ))</ref>

In 2015, [[Diana M. Holland]] became the first woman to serve as a general officer at [[Fort Drum]], and the first woman to serve as a deputy commanding general in one of the Army's light infantry divisions (specifically, the 10th Mountain Division.)<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.syracuse.com/state/index.ssf/2015/07/fort_drum_marks_promotion_of_first_woman_general_of_10th_mountain_division.html |title=Fort Drum marks promotion of first woman general of 10th Mountain Division |publisher=syracuse.com |date=30 July 2015 |access-date=5 August 2015))</ref>

In February 2015, [[2nd Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division|2nd Brigade Combat Team]], 10th Mountain Division were deployed to Afghanistan as part of the [[Resolute Support Mission]] in the [[War in Afghanistan (2001–present)#Post ISAF phase|Post ISAF phase of the War in Afghanistan]]<ref>((cite news |author=Gary Walts |agency=Associated Press |title=Fort Drum brigade prepares for deployment to Afghanistan |url=http://www.syracuse.com/news/index.ssf/2015/02/fort_drum_brigade_prepares_for_deployment_to_afghanistan.html |newspaper=The Post-Standard |publisher=Syracuse Media Group  |date=26 February 2015 |access-date=26 February 2015 ))<br />((cite news |last=Tan |first=Michelle |date=27 February 2015 |title=Army announces new Afghanistan deployments |url=http://www.armytimes.com/story/military/careers/army/2015/02/27/new-afghanistan-deployments/24122491/ |newspaper=ArmyTimes |publisher=Gannett |access-date=28 February 2015 ))</ref> between late summer and early fall 2015, 300 troops from 10th Mountain's headquarters at deployed to Afghanistan in support of Operation Freedom's Sentinel, along with about 1,000 troops from the [[3rd Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division|3rd Brigade Combat Team]].<ref name="armytimes.com">((cite web|url=http://www.armytimes.com/story/military/2015/08/05/army-names-3-units-iraq-afghanistan-deployments/31168831/|title=Army names 3 units for Iraq, Afghanistan deployments|date=5 August 2015))</ref>
In February 2016, the Taliban began a new [[War in Afghanistan (2015-present)#Taliban offensive in Helmand Province|assault on Sangin]], Helmand Province, the US responded by deploying 500 to 800 troops from 2nd battalion 87th Infantry Regiment, 10th Mountain Division to Helmand Province in order to prop up Afghan army's 215th Corps in the province, particularly around Sangin, joining US and British special operations forces already in the area.<ref>((cite web|url= http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2016/02/11/us-army-orders-hundreds-soldiers-back-to-southern-afghanistan.html|title=US Army orders hundreds of soldiers back to southern Afghanistan|publisher=Fox News|date=11 February 2016))</ref><ref>((cite web|url=https://www.msn.com/en-gb/news/uknews/sas-in-battle-to-stop-taliban-overrunning-sangin/ar-BBnOfYr?ocid=spartandhp|title=SAS in battle to stop Taliban overrunning Sangin|work=The Telegraph|date=22 December 2015|access-date=20 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116022732/http://www.msn.com/en-gb/news/uknews/sas-in-battle-to-stop-taliban-overrunning-sangin/ar-BBnOfYr?ocid=spartandhp|archive-date=16 November 2018))</ref><ref name="the new York times">((cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/16/world/asia/a-5th-district-in-helmand-province-falls-to-the-taliban.html?_r=0|title=A 5th District in Helmand Province Falls to the Taliban|work=The New York Times|date=15 March 2016))</ref>

On 5 December 2019, the [[United States Department of the Army|Department of the Army]] announced that the [[1st Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division (United States)|1st Brigade Combat Team]] would replace the 3rd Brigade Combat Team, [[82nd Airborne Division]] as part of a unit rotation in support of [[Operation Freedom's Sentinel]].<ref>((cite web|title=1st BCT, 10th Mountain Division to replace 3rd BCT, 82nd Airborne Division for unit rotation in the winter of 2020|url=https://www.army.mil/article/230130/army_announces_upcoming_1st_bct_10th_mountain_division_unit_rotation|website=army.mil|date=5 December 2019|access-date=5 October 2020))</ref> The brigade deployed to Afghanistan in February 2020.((cn|date=January 2024))

=== Operation Atlantic Resolve ===
On 3 November 2016, ''Stars and Stripes'' reported that the 10th Combat Aviation Brigade would deploy 1,750 soldiers to [[Eastern Europe]] in March 2017, in support of [[Operation Atlantic Resolve]] – as part of NATO efforts to reassure Eastern Europe in response to [[Russian military intervention in Ukraine (2014–present)|Russian intervention in Ukraine in 2014]]. The brigade arrived with approximately 60 aircraft, including CH-47 Chinooks, UH-60 Blackhawks, and medevac helicopters. The brigade was headquartered in Germany and the brigade's units were forward-based at locations in [[Latvia]], [[Romania]], and [[Poland]].<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.stripes.com/news/2-brigades-of-nearly-6-000-troops-head-to-europe-amid-growing-russian-tensions-1.437420|title=2 brigades of nearly 6,000 troops head to Europe amid growing Russian tensions|publisher=stars and stripes|date=3 November 2016))</ref>

=== Operation Inherent Resolve ===
Between late summer and early fall 2015, as well as again in 2016, 1,250 soldiers from the [[1st Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division|1st Brigade Combat Team]] were [[American-led intervention in Iraq (2014–present)|deployed to Iraq]] to support [[Operation Inherent Resolve]].<ref>((Cite web |title=Troops from Fort Drum's 10th Mountain Division to deploy to Iraq, Afghanistan |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/10th-mountain-division-troops-deploy-iraq-afghanistan-article-1.2316825 |access-date=15 September 2018 |work=New York Daily News))</ref> During the two deployments the brigade spent in Iraq, they fought to regain control of the cities of Ramadi, Fallujah, and Mosul from the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria.<ref>((Cite web |title=10th Mountain Division (LI) :: Fort Drum |url=https://home.army.mil/drum/index.php/units-tenants/10th-mountain-division-li |access-date=2023-01-07 |website=home.army.mil))</ref> In 2022 the unit would redeploy again, in support of Operation Inherent Resolve.<ref>((Cite web |title=Army announces upcoming 1st IBCT, 10th Mountain Division unit deployment |url=https://www.army.mil/article/252602/army_announces_upcoming_1st_ibct_10th_mountain_division_unit_deployment |access-date=2023-01-07 |website=www.army.mil |language=en))</ref>

=== Controversial shoot house training viral video ===
A viral video showed soldiers in the division conducting live fire training in a shoot house.<ref>((Cite web |last=Rempfer |first=Kyle |date=2021-02-24 |title=Shoot-house video is full of 'flagging'; 10th Mountain senior enlisted vows problems will 'get fixed' |url=https://www.armytimes.com/news/your-army/2021/02/23/shoot-house-video-is-full-of-flagging-10th-mountain-senior-enlisted-vows-problems-will-get-fixed/ |access-date=2022-12-03 |website=Army Times |language=en))</ref><ref>((Cite web |date=2021-02-23 |title=This video of 10th Mountain soldiers shows exactly what not to do when clearing a room |url=https://taskandpurpose.com/news/army-10th-mountain-room-clear-unsafe/ |access-date=2022-12-03 |website=Task & Purpose |language=en-US))</ref><ref>((Cite web |last=Hollings |first=Alex |title=How a 'shoot house' training video became a headache for one of the Army's most highly regarded units |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/shoot-house-video-became-problem-for-army-10th-mountain-div-2021-3 |access-date=2022-12-03 |website=Business Insider |language=en-US))</ref> The soldiers violated numerous safety issues, including flagging and failure to follow norms of room clearing, such as failure to clear corners or follow points of domination, with observers giving no correction.<ref>((Cite web |last=Rempfer |first=Kyle |date=2021-02-24 |title=Shoot-house video is full of 'flagging'; 10th Mountain senior enlisted vows problems will 'get fixed' |url=https://www.armytimes.com/news/your-army/2021/02/23/shoot-house-video-is-full-of-flagging-10th-mountain-senior-enlisted-vows-problems-will-get-fixed/ |access-date=2022-12-03 |website=Army Times |language=en))</ref><ref>((Cite web |date=2021-02-23 |title=This video of 10th Mountain soldiers shows exactly what not to do when clearing a room |url=https://taskandpurpose.com/news/army-10th-mountain-room-clear-unsafe/ |access-date=2022-12-03 |website=Task & Purpose |language=en-US))</ref><ref>((Cite web |last=Hollings |first=Alex |title=How a 'shoot house' training video became a headache for one of the Army's most highly regarded units |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/shoot-house-video-became-problem-for-army-10th-mountain-div-2021-3 |access-date=2022-12-03 |website=Business Insider |language=en-US))</ref> Responding to the viral incident, Division CSM Mario O. Terenas addressed the incident on [[Twitter]]: "it's 10th Mountain Division. We ran it down to the ground and it is 10th Mountain Division. It is our folks, and it really, really hurts to say that...It is not the standard, it is not how we do business, and it is not acceptable. We're running this thing down to the ground. We will investigate it, we will take action, and we will re-train. That is a guarantee."<ref>((Cite tweet |url=https://twitter.com/mtn7_csm/status/1363998442884919296 |number=1363998442884919296 |title=I want to address the recent shoot-house video... |access-date=2023-03-04 |user=mtn7_csm |language=en))</ref>

== Honors ==
((More citations needed|section|date=January 2024))
The 10th Mountain Division was awarded two campaign streamers in World War II, one campaign streamer for Somalia, and four campaign streamers in the War on Terrorism for a total of seven campaign streamers and three unit decorations in its operational history. Note that some of the division's brigades received more or fewer decorations depending on their individual deployments.<ref name="Lineage" />

=== Unit decorations ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Ribbon
! Award
! Year
! Notes
|-
| [[File:Meritorious Unit Commendation ribbon.svg|50px]]
| [[Meritorious Unit Commendation]] (Army)
| 2001–2002
| for service in Central Asia
|-
| [[File:Meritorious Unit Commendation ribbon.svg|50px]]
| [[Meritorious Unit Commendation]] (Army)
| 2003–2004
| for service in Afghanistan
|-
| [[File:Meritorious Unit Commendation ribbon.svg|50px]]
| [[Meritorious Unit Commendation]] (Army)
| 28 Feb 06 – 27 Feb 07
| for service in Afghanistan<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.hrc.army.mil/asset/16333|title=Army General Orders Unit Award Index 1987 to present|access-date=13 May 2018|archive-date=12 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181012171529/https://www.hrc.army.mil/asset/16333))</ref>
|-
|[[file:Valorous_Unit_Award_ribbon.svg|50px]]
|[[Valorous Unit Award]] (Army)
| Aug 2006 - Oct 2007
| For outstanding service in Iraq
|-
| [[File:Meritorious Unit Commendation ribbon.svg|50px]]
| [[Meritorious Unit Commendation]] (Army)
| 2008–2009
| for service in Iraq<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/wotawards.html#2009 |title=War on Terrorism Awards |publisher=United States Army Center of Military History |access-date=30 July 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091205175115/http://www.history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/wotawards.html |archive-date=5 December 2009 |url-status=live))</ref>
|-
| [[File:Meritorious Unit Commendation ribbon.svg|50px]]
| [[Meritorious Unit Commendation]] (Army)
| 2014
| for service in Afghanistan
|-
| [[File:Joint Meritorious Unit Award ribbon.svg|50px]]
| [[Joint Meritorious Unit Award]] (Army)
| 1992–1995
| for service in Somalia
|}

=== Campaign streamers ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Conflict
! Streamer
! Year(s)
|-
| World War II
| North Apennines
| 1945
|-
| World War II
| Po Valley
| 1945
|-
| [[Operation Restore Hope]]
| Somalia
| 1992–1994
|-
| [[Operation Enduring Freedom]]
| Afghanistan
| 2001–2002
|-
| [[Operation Enduring Freedom]]
| Afghanistan
| 2003–2004
|-
| [[Operation Enduring Freedom]]
| Afghanistan
| 2006–2007
|-
| [[Operation Iraqi Freedom]]
| Iraq
| 2008–2009
|-
| [[Operation Enduring Freedom]]
| Afghanistan
| 2010–2011
|-
|}

== Legacy ==
Skiing associations subsequently contend that veterans of the 10th Mountain Division had a substantial effect on the post-World War II development of [[skiing]] as a vacation industry and major sport. Ex-soldiers from the 10th laid out ski hills, designed [[ski lift]]s, became ski coaches, racers, instructors, [[Ski patrol|patrollers]], shop owners, and [[Skiing and snowboarding on film and video|filmmakers]]. They wrote and published ski magazines, opened [[ski school]]s, improved ski equipment, and developed [[ski resorts]]. Up to 2,000 of the division's troops were involved in skiing-related professions after the war, and at least 60 ski resorts were founded by men of the division.<ref name="Skiing3">((harvnb|Skiing Heritage Journal|1995|p=3))</ref> As Maurice Isserman notes in his book ''The Winter Army'', "The 10th Mountain Division was the only unit in the history of the US military to use wartime skills to promote a civilian pastime."<ref>Isserman, ''The Winter Army'' (New York: HarperCollins, 2019), p.&nbsp;240 ((ISBN|978-0-358-41424-7))</ref>

[[File:Seneca Rocks -10th Mountain Division marker.JPG|thumb|left|Plaque in honor of 10th Mountain Division at [[Seneca Rocks]], [[West Virginia|WV]].]]

People associated with the 10th Mountain Division later went on to achieve notability in other fields. Among these are [[anthropologist]] [[Eric Wolf]],<ref>((Cite journal | doi = 10.1525/ae.1987.14.2.02a00110 | issn = 0094-0496 | volume = 14 | issue = 2 | pages = 346–66 | last = Ghani | first = Ashraf |author2= Eric Wolf | title = A conversation with Eric Wolf | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_american-ethnologist_1987-05_14_2/page/346 | journal = American Ethnologist | date = May 1987))</ref> [[mathematician]] [[Franz Alt (mathematician)|Franz Alt]],<ref>''Beyond Calculation: The Next Fifty Years of Computing'' (Springer, 1998). ((ISBN|978-0-387-98588-6))</ref> [[avalanche]] researcher and forecasting pioneer [[Montgomery Atwater]],<ref>((cite journal
 |last=Brennan
 |first=John
 |title=Genesis of the Avalauncher
 |journal=The Avalanche Review
 |volume=24
 |issue=3
 |pages=18–19
 |publisher=American Avalanche Association
 |year=2006
 |url=http://www.americanavalancheassociation.org/tar/TAR24_3_FINAL_LoRes.pdf
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080828153135/http://www.americanavalancheassociation.org/tar/TAR24_3_FINAL_LoRes.pdf
 |archive-date=28 August 2008
))</ref> [[Congressman]] [[Les AuCoin]], mountaineer and teacher who helped develop equipment for the 10th Mountain [[Robert Bates (mountaineer)|Robert Bates]], noted [[mountaineering|mountaineer]] [[Fred Beckey]],<ref>((cite news | last = Modie| first = Neil| title = Icon to some, legendary climber Beckey still obscure to many| work = Seattle Post-Intelligencer| date = 8 March 2003| url = http://www.seattlepi.com/local/111703_beckey08.shtml| access-date =7 January 2006 ))</ref> [[United States Ski Team]] member and [[Black Mountain of Maine]] resort co-founder [[Chummy Broomhall]],<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.familyskitrips.com/Pages/weekDec01.htm|title=Remembering The 10th – A Look Back at Ski Warriors|last=Burke|first=Heather|date=16 December 2001|work=Maine Sunday Telegram|access-date=12 May 2007|archive-date=25 June 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070625180416/http://www.familyskitrips.com/Pages/weekDec01.htm))</ref> former American track and field coach and co-founder of [[Nike, Inc.]] [[Bill Bowerman]],<ref>((cite book| author=Moore, Kenny | title=Bowerman and the Men of Oregon | location=Emmaus, Pennsylvania | publisher=Rodale | year=2006 | isbn=978-1-59486-190-1 ))</ref> former Executive Director and Sierra Club leader [[David R. Brower]],<ref>[[Steve Roper]], "David Ross Brower", ''[[American Alpine Journal]]'', 2001, p. 455.</ref> former [[United States Ski Team]] member World War II civilian mountaineer trainer [[H. Adams Carter]], former [[Senate Majority Leader]] and Presidential candidate [[Bob Dole]],<ref>((Cite web|url=http://leesandlin.com/articles/LosingTheWar.htm|title=Losing the War – by Lee Sandlin|website=leesandlin.com))</ref> champion skier [[Dick Durrance]], [[ski resort]] pioneer [[John Elvrum]],<ref>((cite web |url=http://www.skihall.com/index.php?_a=document&doc_id=11&id=97|title=John Elvrum|publisher=[[U.S. Ski and Snowboard Hall of Fame and Museum]] |access-date=15 March 2012))</ref> Norwegian-American skier [[Sverre Engen]], fashion illustrator [[Joe Eula]], Olympic [[Equestrianism|equestrian]] [[Earl Foster Thomson]], civilian founder of the [[National Ski Patrol]] [[Charles Minot Dole]],<ref name="divhist" /> painter [[Gino Hollander]], [[Paleoclimatology|Paleoclimatologist]] [[John Imbrie]],<ref>[http://www.eng.yale.edu/content/AlumniHAC_person.asp?HAC_IK=63 Yale Science and Engineering Alumni Hall of Achievement web page. Retrieved 9 April 2008] ((webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110518201557/http://www.eng.yale.edu/content/AlumniHAC_person.asp?HAC_IK=63 |date=18 May 2011 ))</ref> theoretical physicist [[Francis E. Low]],<ref>((cite web|title=Physicist Francis E. Low, Former MIT Provost, Dies at 85|work=MIT News Office|url=http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2007/obit-low.html|date=20 February 2007|access-date=10 March 2007))</ref> US downhill ski champion [[Toni Matt]],<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1989/05/19/obituaries/toni-matt-dies-at-69-former-ski-champion.html ''Toni Matt Dies at 69; Former Ski Champion''], ''[[The New York Times]]'', 19 May 1989. Retrieved 2 December 2007.</ref> falconer and educator [[Morley Nelson]], comic book artist [[Earl Norem]],<ref>Yzquierdo, Ryan. [http://www.seibertron.com/people/interviews/view.php?interview_id=14 "Earl Norem and the Big Looker Storybooks", Seibertron.com (2 December 2005).]. Retrieved 21 August 2008.</ref> founder of [[National Outdoor Leadership School]] and The Wilderness Education Association [[Paul Petzoldt]], world downhill ski champion [[Walter Prager]], demolition derby driver Joshua Tagliaboschi, retired broadcasting executive [[William Lowell Putnam III]], [[Massachusetts Governor]] [[Francis W. Sargent]], World War II civilian ski instructor and division trainer [[Hannes Schneider]], founder of [[Vail Ski Resort]] [[Pete Seibert]], actor and Olympic medalist [[Floyd Simmons]], historian and author [[Page Smith]],<ref>((cite news|last1=Martin|first1=Douglas|title=Pete Seibert, Soldier Skier Who Built Vail, Is Dead at 77|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/07/28/us/pete-seibert-soldier-skier-who-built-vail-is-dead-at-77.html|access-date=18 December 2015|work=The New York Times|date=28 July 2002))</ref> members of the famous [[Trapp Family Lodge|von Trapp family]] singers [[Werner von Trapp]] and [[Rupert von Trapp]],<ref>((cite news |title=Werner von Trapp, a Son in 'Sound of Music' Family, Dies at 91 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/15/arts/music/15trapp.html?n=Top/Reference/Times%20Topics/Subjects/D/Deaths%20(Obituaries) |agency=[[Associated Press]]|work=[[The New York Times]] |date=15 October 2007 |access-date=5 January 2009 ))</ref> [[Rawleigh Warner, Jr.]], Chairman and CEO of [[Mobil]], civilian technical adviser [[Fritz Wiessner]],<ref>Schwartz, Susan (2005) Into The Unknown: ''The Remarkable Life of Hans Kraus''</ref> William John Wolfgram,<ref>((cite web | url=http://www3.widener.edu/Academics/Libraries/Wolfgram_Memorial_Library/Widener_Archives/Collections/Alumni/William_Wolfgram/6505/ | title=William Wolfgram | access-date=30 November 2007 | publisher= Widener University |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070208173516/http://www3.widener.edu/Academics/Libraries/Wolfgram_Memorial_Library/Widener_Archives/Collections/Alumni/William_Wolfgram/6505/ |archive-date=8 February 2007 ))</ref> Olympic Ski jumper [[Gordon Wren]], Massachusetts Congressional candidate Nathan Bech,<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.telegram.com/article/20080629/NEWS/806290393/1008/NEWS02 |title=Bech challenges Olver |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110520154351/http://www.telegram.com/article/20080629/NEWS/806290393/1008/NEWS02 |archive-date= 20 May 2011 |access-date=6 July 2008 |url-status=live))</ref> leader of Chalk 4 during the [[Battle of Mogadishu (1993)|Battle of Mogadishu]] Matt Eversmann,<ref>Bowden, M (1999). ''Black Hawk Down'', Penguin Books. ((ISBN|978-0-451-20393-9))</ref> Middle East analyst, blogger, and author [[Andrew Exum]], and author [[Craig Mullaney]].<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.craigmmullaney.com/content/author.asp?id=bio |title=Biography of Craig Mullaney |publisher=Craig Mullaney |access-date=7 July 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140317063539/http://www.craigmmullaney.com/content/author.asp?id=bio |archive-date=17 March 2014 ))</ref>

Additionally, four members of the division have been awarded the [[Medal of Honor]]. In 1945 [[John D. Magrath]] became the first member of the division to receive this award (posthumously) during World War II.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.history.army.mil/html/moh/vietnam-a-l.html |work=United States Army |title=Medal of Honor Recipients&nbsp;— Vietnam (A-L) |access-date=24 April 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090527064922/http://www.history.army.mil/html/moh/vietnam-a-l.html |archive-date=27 May 2009 |url-status=live))</ref><ref>((cite web | url=http://www.history.army.mil/html/moh/vietnam-m-z.html | work=United States Army | title=Medal of Honor Recipients&nbsp;— Vietnam (M-Z) | access-date=24 April 2008 | archive-date=24 April 2008 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080424094845/http://www.history.army.mil/html/moh/vietnam-m-z.html ))</ref> The second, [[Jared C. Monti]], received it posthumously in 2009, for actions during a combat operation on 21 June 2006 as part of [[Operation Enduring Freedom]].<ref name="Fallen soldier">((cite news|url=http://www.armytimes.com/news/2009/07/army_monti_MOH_072309w/ |title=Fallen soldier to receive Medal of Honor |work=[[Army Times]] |date=23 July 2009 |last=Cavallaro |first=Gina |access-date=23 July 2009 |archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20090806041226/http://www.armytimes.com/news/2009/07/army_monti_MOH_072309w/ |archive-date=6 August 2009 |url-status=live))</ref> The third, [[William D. Swenson]], received it in 2013, for actions on 8 September 2009, during the [[Battle of Ganjgal]] in [[Afghanistan]].<ref>((cite web |url=http://seattletimes.com/html/localnews/2021838947_williamswensonxml.html |title = After long wait, Seattle man gets highest military honor |first=Lesley |last=Clark |date=16 September 2013 |access-date=17 September 2013 |work=The Seattle Times))</ref> The fourth, [[Travis Atkins|Travis W. Atkins]], received it posthumously on 27 March 2019, for actions on 1 June 2007 during a patrol in [[Iraq]].<ref>((cite news |url=https://www.greatfallstribune.com/story/news/2019/03/12/montana-man-posthumously-receive-medal-honor-white-house-travis-atkins/3143549002/ |title = Montanan Travis Atkins to posthumously receive Medal of Honor at White House |first=Grady |last=Higgins |date=12 March 2019 |access-date=19 March 2019 |publisher=Great Falls Tribune))</ref>

The division's efforts in Afghanistan during Operation Enduring Freedom and beyond led to the division being referred to as the "Tribe of Crossed Swords" by some Afghans.<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.army.mil/article/143496/10th_mountain_division_sister_brigades_complete_decade_of_service_spartans_patriots_combine |title=10th Mountain Division sister brigades complete decade of service: Spartans, Patriots combine |date=27 February 2015  |access-date=20 October 2020))</ref>

==In popular culture==
The 10th Mountain Division was the subject of the 1996 film ''[[Fire on the Mountain (1996 film)|Fire on the Mountain]]'', which documented its exploits during World War II. The 10th Mountain Division is also a prominent element of the book ''[[Black Hawk Down (book)|Black Hawk Down]]'' and film ''[[Black Hawk Down (film)|by the same name]]'', which portrays the [[Battle of Mogadishu (1993)|Battle of Mogadishu]] and the division's participation in that conflict.<ref>Bowden, Mark (March 1999). ''Black Hawk Down: A Story of Modern War''. Atlantic Monthly Press. Berkeley, California. ((ISBN|978-0-87113-738-8))</ref> Among the division's other appearances are the [[Tom Clancy]] novel ''[[Clear and Present Danger]]'',<ref>((cite book|last=Clancy |first=Tom |title=Clear and Present Danger |url=https://archive.org/details/clearpresentdang1989clan |url-access=registration |publisher=[[G. P. Putnam's Sons|Putnam]] |isbn=978-0-399-13440-1|year=1989))</ref> the 2004, War Of The Worlds remake, the 2005 [[SCI FI]] film ''[[Manticore (2005 film)|Manticore]]'',<ref>((cite news|url=https://movies.nytimes.com/movie/412547/Manticore/overview| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213201547/http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/412547/Manticore/overview | archive-date=13 December 2007 | title=Manticore (2005) | access-date=4 June 2009 | department=Movies & TV Dept. | work=[[The New York Times]] | date=2007 | author=Buchanan, Jason))</ref> 2010 remake starring Keanu Reeves, The Day The Earth Stood Still, Sean Parnell's 2012 war memoir, ''[[Outlaw Platoon]]'', about his platoon's experiences in Afghanistan during Operation Enduring Freedom,<ref>((cite web|title=Outlaw: Former infantry officer shares experiences, pledges to help others|author=Michelle Kennedy|date=1 March 2012|access-date=11 January 2014|publisher=U.S. Army|url=http://www.army.mil/article/74841/))</ref> the 2019 action adventure video game ''[[Days Gone]]'', with the game's main protagonist, Deacon St. John, referencing his time spent with the 10th Mountain Division in Afghanistan.

== Organization ==
[[File:10th US Mountain Division - Organization 2024.png|thumb|right|480px|Organization of the 10th Mountain Division in July 2024]]

This division consists of a division headquarters and headquarters battalion, three infantry brigade combat teams, a division artillery, a combat aviation brigade, and a division sustainment brigade. The division artillery has training and readiness oversight over the division's field artillery battalions, which remain organic to their brigade combat teams.((cn|date=January 2024))

* [[File:Shoulder sleeve insignia of the 10th Mountain Division (1944-2015).svg|25px]] '''10th Mountain Division'''
** [[File:10th Mountain Division DUI.png|25px]] [[Special Troops Battalion, 10th Mountain Division (United States)|Division Headquarters and Headquarters Battalion]] (DHHB)"Gauntlet"
*** Headquarters Support Company<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.army.mil/article/212059/10th_mountain_soldier_trains_at_the_chilean_mountain_warfare_school|title=10th Mountain Soldier trains at the Chilean Mountain Warfare School|website=www.army.mil))</ref>
*** Signal, Intelligence, and Sustainment Company
*** 10th Mountain Division Band
*** Light Fighters School
** '''[[1st Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division (United States)|1st Infantry Brigade Combat Team]]''' (1st IBCT) "Warrior"<ref name="divorg">((cite web|url=http://www.drum.army.mil/sites/tenants/ |title=10th Mountain Division Organization |work=Fort Drum Public Affairs Office |access-date=7 July 2009 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080801184839/http://www.drum.army.mil/sites/tenants/ |archive-date = 1 August 2008))</ref>
*** [[File:10th Mountain Division DUI.png|25px]] Headquarters and Headquarters Company (HHC), 1st Infantry Brigade Combat Team (1st IBCT)
*** [[File:71 Cav Rgt DUI.jpg|25px]] 3rd Squadron, [[71st Cavalry Regiment]] * Deactivated June 5, 2024<ref>[https://www.dvidshub.net/image/8455478/3-71-cavalry-regiment-photos 3-71 Cavalry Regiment Photos (Image 4 of 4)], Defense Visual Information Distribution Service, by SPC Mason Nichols (27th Public Affairs Detachment), dated 6 June 2024, last accessed 22 July 2024</ref> 
*** [[File:22 US Infantry Regiment DUI.PNG|25px]] 2nd Battalion, [[22nd Infantry Regiment (United States)|22nd Infantry Regiment]]
*** [[File:32 Inf Rgt DUI.jpg|25px]] 1st Battalion, [[32nd Infantry Regiment (United States)|32nd Infantry Regiment]]
*** [[File:87th Infantry.png|25px]] 1st Battalion, [[87th Infantry Regiment (United States)|87th Infantry Regiment]]
*** [[File:6th FA DUI.png|50px]] 3rd Battalion, [[6th Field Artillery Regiment (United States)|6th Field Artillery Regiment]] (3-6th FAR)
*** [[File:7th engineers BN.jpg|25px]] [[7th Engineer Battalion|7th Brigade Engineer Battalion]] (7th BEB)
*** [[File:US 10th BSB emblem.jpg|25px]] 10th Brigade Support Battalion (10th BSB)
** '''[[2nd Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division (United States)|2nd Infantry Brigade Combat Team]]''' (2nd IBCT) "Commandos"<ref name="divorg" /><ref name=SUD>((cite web|title=Special Unit Designations |url=http://www.history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/spdes-123-ra_ar.html |publisher=United States Army Center of Military History |date=21 April 2010 |access-date=23 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090512061407/http://www.history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/spdes-123-ra_ar.html |archive-date=12 May 2009 ))</ref>
*** [[File:10th Mountain Division DUI.png|25px]] Headquarters and Headquarters Company (HHC), 2nd Infantry Brigade Combat Team (2nd IBCT)
*** [[File:89 Cav Rgt DUI.jpg|25px]] 1st Squadron, [[89th Cavalry Regiment (United States)|89th Cavalry Regiment]] * Deactivated June 7, 2024<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/1.89Cavalry/posts/pfbid02UnnkqqVcshyLxoxE9wAdBaeABKDj51gkQeFh3v45pjt9of2ovASWC185X9TAK6jul The Squadron will inactivate on 07JUN24 at 1300 at Memorial Field], 1st Squadron, 89th Cavalry Regiment Facebook page, post dated 8 May 2024, last accessed 22 July 2024</ref> 
*** [[File:14 Inf Rgt DUI.jpg|25px]] [[14th Infantry Regiment (United States)|2nd Battalion, 14th Infantry Regiment]]
*** [[File:31 Inf Rgt DUI.jpg|25px]] [[31st Infantry Regiment (United States)|4th Battalion, 31st Infantry Regiment]]
*** [[File:87th Infantry.png|25px]] [[2nd Battalion, 87th Infantry Regiment|2nd Battalion]], [[87th Infantry Regiment (United States)|87th Infantry Regiment]]
*** [[File:15 FA Crest.png|25px]] 2nd Battalion, [[15th Field Artillery Regiment (United States)|15th Field Artillery Regiment]] (2-15th FAR)
*** [[File:41 Eng Bn DUI.jpg|25px]] 41st Brigade Engineer Battalion (41st BEB)
*** [[File:US 210th BSB insignia.jpg|25px]] 210th Brigade Support Battalion (210th BSB)
** '''[[3rd Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division|3rd Infantry Brigade Combat Team]]''' (3rd IBCT) "Patriots", based at [[Fort Johnson]], ([[Louisiana]])<ref name="gains">((Cite web|url=http://www.nola.com/military/index.ssf/2015/02/fort_polk_gains_700_soldiers_a.html|title=Fort Polk gains 700 soldiers as Army's 4th Brigade is redesignated))</ref><ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.thetowntalk.com/story/news/local/2015/02/24/fort-polk-brigade-takes-new-name/23960697/|title=Fort Polk brigade takes new name|first=Jeff|last=Matthews|website=The Town Talk))</ref>
*** [[File:10th Mountain Division DUI.png|25px]] Headquarters and Headquarters Company (HHC), 3rd Infantry Brigade Combat Team (3rd IBCT)
*** [[File:89 Cav Rgt DUI.jpg|25px]] 3rd Squadron, [[89th Cavalry Regiment (United States)|89th Cavalry Regiment]] * Deactivated June 28, 2024<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/389CavPatriotRecon 3rd Squadron 89th Cavalry Regiment Facebook page], last accessed 22 July 2024</ref>
*** [[File:2 Inf Rgt DUI.png|25px]] 2nd Battalion, [[2nd Infantry Regiment (United States)|2nd Infantry Regiment]]
*** [[File:4th Infantry Regiment DUI.svg|25px]] [[2nd Battalion, 4th Infantry Regiment]]
*** [[File:30 INF DUI.png|25px]] 2nd Battalion, [[30th Infantry Regiment (United States)|30th Infantry Regiment]]
*** [[File:25 FA Rgt DUI.jpg|25px]] 5th Battalion, [[25th Field Artillery Regiment (United States)|25th Field Artillery Regiment]] (5-25th FAR)
*** [[File:US 317th BEB insignia.jpg|25px]] 317th Brigade Engineer Battalion (317th BEB) "Buffalo"
*** [[File:US 710th BSB insignia.jpg|25px]] 710th Brigade Support Battalion (710th BSB) "Patriot Support"
** '''[[10th Mountain Division Artillery (United States)|10th Division Artillery]]''' (10th DIVARTY)
*** [[File:10th Mountain Division DUI.png|25px]] Headquarters and Headquarters Battery (HHB) 10th Division Artillery
** '''[[Combat Aviation Brigade, 10th Mountain Division (United States)|10th Combat Aviation Brigade]]''' (10th CAB) "Falcons"<ref name="gains" />
*** [[File:10 Avn Rgt DUI.jpg|25px]] Headquarters and Headquarters Company (HHC), 10th Combat Aviation Brigade (10th CAB)
*** [[File:6CavRegtDUI.jpg|25px]] 6th Squadron (Attack/ Reconnaissance), [[6th Cavalry Regiment]] "Six Shooters"
*** [[File:10 Avn Rgt DUI.jpg|25px]] 1st Battalion (Attack), [[10th Aviation Regiment (United States)|10th Aviation Regiment]] "Tigershark"
*** [[File:10 Avn Rgt DUI.jpg|25px]] 2nd Battalion (Assault), 10th Aviation Regiment
*** [[File:10 Avn Rgt DUI.jpg|25px]] 3rd Battalion (General Support), 10th Aviation Regiment "Phoenix"
*** [[File:US 277th ASB Insignia.png|25px]] 277th Aviation Support Battalion (277th ASB) "Mountain Eagle"
** '''[[10th Sustainment Brigade|10th Division Sustainment Brigade]]'''<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.tioh.hqda.pentagon.mil/Heraldry/ArmyDUISSICOA/ArmyHeraldryUnit.aspx?u=4617|title=Error|access-date=30 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610162120/http://www.tioh.hqda.pentagon.mil/Heraldry/ArmyDUISSICOA/ArmyHeraldryUnit.aspx?u=4617|archive-date=10 June 2011))</ref>
*** [[File:10SustainBdeDUI.jpg|25px]] Headquarters and Headquarters Company (HHC)
*** [[File:10th STB.jpg|25px]] Division Sustainment Troops Battalion (DSTB) "Workhorse"<ref>((cite web |title=Special Troops Battalion, 10th Mountain Division |url=https://tioh.army.mil/Catalog/HeraldryMulti.aspx?CategoryId=4407&grp=2 |access-date=21 Feb 2024 |website=The Institute of Heraldry |publisher=))</ref>
*** [[File:US 548th CSSB insignia.jpg|25px]] 548th Division Sustainment Support Battalion (548th DSSB)

== Previous commanders ==
Individuals who have served as commanders and command sergeants major of the 10th Mountain Division include:<ref>((cite book |last1=MacDonald |first1=Thomas D. |last2=Kobylanski |first2=Lori J. |date=20 April 2015 |title=Fort Drum Pamphlet 600-5: 10th Mountain Division (Light Infantry) and Fort Drum Standards |url=http://www.drum.army.mil/Publications/Documents/Forms/DispForm.aspx?ID=1 |location=Fort Drum, NY |publisher=10th Mountain Division (Light Infantry) |page=31 |access-date=21 December 2015 |archive-date=22 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222125250/http://www.drum.army.mil/Publications/Documents/Forms/DispForm.aspx?ID=1 ))</ref>

{| border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="20" align="center"
|-
|valign="top" width="33%"|

'''Division commanders'''
*[[Major General (United States)|MG]] [[Lloyd E. Jones]], July 1943 – November 1944
*MG [[George Price Hays|George P. Hays]], November 1944 – November 1945
*'''Division inactivated, November 1945 – August 1948'''
*MG [[Lester J. Whitlock]], August 1948 – October 1950
*MG [[James Edward Moore|James E. Moore]], November 1950 – May 1951
*[[Brigadier general (United States)|BG]] [[Marcus B. Bell]], May 1951 – November 1951
*MG [[George D. Shea]], November 1951 – January 1953
*MG [[Thomas Leonard Harrold|Thomas L. Harrold]], February 1953 – June 1954
*MG [[Philip De Witt Ginder|Philip D. Ginder]], June 1954 – March 1955
*MG George E. Martin, April 1955 – March 1956
*MG [[Barksdale Hamlett]], April 1956 – June 1957
*MG Walter B. Yeager, July 1957 – April 1958
*BG Miller O. Perry, May 1958 – June 1958
*'''Division inactivated, June 1958 – February 1985'''
*MG [[Bill Carpenter|William S. Carpenter]], February 1985 – April 1988
*MG [[Peter J. Boylan]], April 1988 – September 1990
*MG James R. Ellis, September 1990 – September 1991
|valign="top" width="33%"|
'''Division commanders (continued)'''
*MG [[Steven L. Arnold]], September 1991 – August 1993
*MG [[David C. Meade]], August 1993 – July 1995
*MG [[Thomas N. Burnette]], July 1995 – July 1997
*MG Lawson W. Magruder, June 1997 – March 1998
*MG [[James L. Campbell]], March 1998 – August 2001
*MG [[Franklin L. Hagenbeck|Franklin L. (Buster) Hagenbeck]], August 2001 – August 2003
*MG [[Lloyd Austin|Lloyd J. Austin III]], August 2003 – August 2005
*MG [[Benjamin Freakley|Benjamin C. Freakley]], August 2005 – April 2007
*MG [[Michael L. Oates]], April 2007 – September 2009
*MG [[James L. Terry]], September 2009 – November 2011
*MG [[Mark A. Milley]], November 2011 – December 2012
*MG [[Stephen J. Townsend]], December 2012 – March 2015
*MG [[Jeffrey L. Bannister]], March 2015 – April 2017
*MG [[Walter E. Piatt]], April 2017 – May 2019
*MG [[Brian J. Mennes]], May 2019 – July 2021
*MG [[Milford H. Beagle Jr.]], July 2021 – September 2022
*MG [[Gregory K. Anderson]], September 2022 – May 2024
*MG [[Scott M. Naumann]], May 2024 – present
|valign="top" width="33%"|
'''Command Sergeants Major'''
*CSM Southern W. Hewitt, January 1985 – July 1990
*CSM Robert C. Sexton, July 1990 – May 1994
*CSM Jesse G. Laye, June 1994 – July 1995
*CSM Frank J. Mantia, July 1995 – February 1998
*CSM Teddy Harman, February 1998 – July 2000
*CSM Kenneth C. Lopez, October 2000 – August 2002
*CSM Dennis M. Carey, August 2002 – June 2004
*CSM Ralph C. Borja, July 2004 – May 2007
*CSM James W. Redmore, July 2007 – March 2010
*CSM Christopher K. Greca, March 2010 – November 2011
*CSM Richard Merritt, January 2012 – January 2014
*CSM R. Ray Lewis, January 2014 – January 2016
*CSM Charles W. Albertson, January 2016 – September 2017
*CSM Samuel Roark, November 2017 – March 2020
*CSM Mario O. Terenas, March 2020 – July 2022
*CSM Nema Mobarakzadeh, July 2022 – May 2024
*CSM Brett W. Johnson, May 2024 – present
|}

== Notable former members ==
*[[Travis Atkins]], Iraq<ref>((cite news |last=Strasser |first=Mike |date=March 27, 2019 |title=Soldier recalls serving with Medal of Honor recipient Staff Sgt. Travis Atkins |url=https://www.army.mil/article/219327/soldier_recalls_serving_with_medal_of_honor_recipient_staff_sgt_travis_atkins |work=Army.mil |location=Arlington, VA))</ref>
*[[Skippy Baxter]], World War II<ref>((cite news |last=Smith |first=Chris |date=December 19, 2012 |title='Skippy' Baxter an inspiration on ice |url=https://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/news/skippy-baxter-an-inspiration-on-ice/ |work=[[The Press Democrat]] |location=Santa Rosa, CA))</ref>
*[[Bill Bowerman]], World War II<ref name="Leonard">((cite news |last=Leonard |first=Brendan |date=January 20, 2015 |title=Famous 10th Mountain Division Veterans |url=https://www.adventure-journal.com/2015/01/the-aj-list-famous-10th-mountain-division-veterans/ |work=Adventure Journal |location=Dana Point, CA))</ref>
*[[David Brower]], World War II<ref name="Leonard"/>
*[[Bob Dole]], World War II<ref name="Case">((cite news |last=Case |first=Mike |date=July 9, 2021 |title=Skiing, Sen. Bob Dole and the Von Trapp Brothers: 10 Facts About the 10th Mountain Division |url=https://www.uso.org/stories/2396-skiing-sen-bob-dole-and-the-von-trapp-brothers-10-facts-about-the-10th-mountain-division |work=USO.org |location=Arlington, VA))</ref>
*[[Donald G. Dunn]], World War II<ref>((cite news |last= |first= |date=August 18, 2021 |title=In Memoriam: Donald G. Dunn (1923-2021) |url=https://history.osu.edu/news/memoriam-donald-g.-dunn-1923-2021 |work=Ohio State University Department of History News |publisher=Ohio State University |location=Columbus, OH))</ref>
*[[Billy Kearns]], World War II<ref>((cite news |date=December 4, 1992 |title=Bill Kearns, 69, Actor Seen in French Films |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/12/04/obituaries/bill-kearns-69-actor-seen-in-french-films.html?pagewanted=1 |work=[[The New York Times]] |location=New York, NY |page=D-19))</ref>
*[[John David Magrath]], World War II<ref>((cite news |last=DeWitt |first=Jeffrey |date=July 28, 2020 |title=Private First Class John David McGrath; U.S. Army |url=https://norwalkctheroes.org/2020/07/28/private-first-class-john-david-magrath-u-s-army/ |work=Honor Norwalk, Connecticut veterans |location=Norwalk, CT))</ref>
*[[Chelsea Manning]], Iraq<ref>((cite news |last1=Mcgraw |first1=Meridith |last2=Kelsey |first2=Adam |date=May 16, 2017 |title=Everything you need to know about Chelsea Manning |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/chelsea-manning/story?id=44809970 |work=ABC News |location=New York, NY))</ref>
*[[Jared C. Monti]], Afghanistan<ref>((cite news |last=Cole |first=Jeff |date=May 26, 2021 |title=Retired Fort Drum soldiers share their Afghanistan war experience |url=https://www.wwnytv.com/2021/05/26/retired-fort-drum-soldiers-share-their-afghanistan-war-experience/ |work=WWNY TV |location=Watertown, NY))</ref>
*[[Paul Petzoldt]], World War II<ref name="Leonard"/>
*[[Walter Prager]], World War II<ref name="Leonard"/>
*[[Michael Prysner]], Iraq<ref>((cite news |last=Blevins |first=Aaron |date=January 17, 2013 |title=Activists' anti-war fight continues |url=https://beverlypress.com/2013/01/activists%E2%80%99-anti-war-fight-continues/ |work=Beverly Press |location=Beverly Hills, CA))</ref>
*[[Pete Seibert]], World War II<ref name="Leonard"/>
*[[William D. Swenson]], Afghanistan<ref>((cite news |date=September 16, 2013 |title=President Obama to Award Medal of Honor |url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2013/09/16/president-obama-award-medal-honor |work=The White House, Office of the Press Secretary |location=Washington, DC))</ref>
*[[Torger Tokle]], World War II
*[[Rupert von Trapp]], World War II<ref name="Case"/>
*[[Werner von Trapp]], World War II<ref name="Case"/>
*[[Alejandro Villanueva (American football)|Alejandro Villanueva]], Afghanistan<ref name="Case"/>
*[[Eric Wolf]], World War II

== References ==
((reflist))

== Sources ==
((refbegin))
* ((citation |title=Skiing Heritage Journal: The 10th Mountain Division's 50th Memorial Day |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pFgEAAAAMBAJ&q=10th+Mountain+Division&pg=PA2 |year=1995 |journal=Skiing Heritage Journal |volume=7 |issue=2 |issn=1082-2895 |oclc=29404456 |location=New Hartford, Connecticut |ref=((harvid|Skiing Heritage Journal|1995)) ))
* ((citation|last=Baumgardner |first=Randy W. |title=10th Mountain Division |publisher=[[Turner Publishing Company]] |year=1998 |isbn=978-1-56311-430-4 |location=Nashville, Tennessee))
* ((citation|last=Feuer |first=A.B. |title=Packs On!: Memoirs of the 10th Mountain Division in World War II |publisher=[[Stackpole Books]] |year=2006 |location=Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania |isbn=978-0-8117-3289-5))
* ((citation |last=Hampton |first=Henry J. |title=The Riva Ridge Operation |url=http://10thmtndivassoc.org/Hampton.pdf |date=12 June 1945 |access-date=30 January 2014 |archive-date=13 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130613000031/http://10thmtndivassoc.org/Hampton.pdf ))
*((Cite book|last1=Johnson|first1=Andy|url=http://www.microarmormayhem.com/NATO_ORDER_OF_BATTLE_mod_8.doc|title=NATO Order of Battle 1989|last2=Callahan|first2=Pat|year=2012))
* ((Citation|first=John J. |last=McGrath |title= The Brigade: A History: Its Organization and Employment in the US Army |year=2004 |publisher=Combat Studies Institute Press |isbn=978-1-4404-4915-4 |location=Fort Leavenworth, Kansas))
* ((Citation|first=Sean |last=Parnell|title= Outlaw Platoon: heroes, renegades, infidels, and the brotherhood of war in Afghanistan |year=2012 |publisher=William Morrow |isbn=978-0-06-206639-8 |location=New York, NY)) plus [https://web.archive.org/web/20130723164412/http://www.pritzkermilitarylibrary.org/Home/sean-parnell.aspx Author Webcast Interview]
* ((citation |first=Fred |last=Pushies |title=10th Mountain Division |publisher=[[Zenith Press]] |year=2008 |location=Minneapolis, Minnesota |isbn=978-0-7603-3349-5 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/10thmountaindivi0000push ))
* ((citation|last=Sasser |first=Charles W. |title=None Left Behind: The 10th Mountain Division and the Triangle of Death |year=2009 |publisher=[[St. Martin's Press]] |location=New York City, New York |isbn=978-0-312-55544-3))
* ((citation |first=Peter |last=Shelton |title=Climb to Conquer: The Untold Story of WWII's 10th Mountain Division Ski Troops |publisher=[[Charles Scribner's Sons|Scribner]] |year=2003 |location=New York City, New York |isbn=978-0-7432-2606-6 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/climbtoconquerun00pete ))
* ((citation|last=Young |first=Gordon Russell |title= Army Almanac: A Book of Facts Concerning the Army of the United States |year=1959 |publisher=[[United States Government Printing Office]] |location=Washington, D.C. |isbn=978-0-7581-3548-3))
((refend))

== Further reading ==
* ''Mountaineers'' (Denver: Artcraft Press, n.d.)
* Hal Burton, ''The Ski Troops'' (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1971)
* Harris Dusenbery, ''The North Apennines and Beyond with the 10th Mountain Division'' (Portland: Binford & Mort, 1998)
* Harris Duesenbery, ''Ski the High Trail: World War II Ski Troopers in the High Colorado Rockies'' (Portland:Binford & Mort, 1991)
* Frank Harper, ''Night Climb'' (New York: Longmans, Green, & Co, 1946)
* Maurice Isserman, ''The Winter Army: The World War II Odyssey of the 10th Mountain Division, America's Elite Alpine Warriors'' (New York: HarperCollins, 2019)
* McKay Jenkins, ''The Last Ridge'' (New York: Random House, 2003) ((ISBN|0-375-50771-X))

== External links ==
((sister project links|auto=yes))
((Wikisource|History of the Tenth Light Division (Alpine)))
* [http://www.spartanassociation.org/ 3rd BCT Spartan Association] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130621144815/http://spartanassociation.org/ |date=21 June 2013 ))
* [https://www.angelfire.com/ny5/msgfisher/ww1pic.htm 10th Infantry Division, First World War]
* [https://home.army.mil/drum/ 10th Mountain Division Official Homepage]
* [http://www.10thmtndivassoc.org/ 10th Mountain Division Association, Inc.]
* [http://www.coloradoskiauthority.com/ski-cooper/10th-mountain/ 10th Mountain Division Memorial at Ski Cooper]

((Army Divisions (United States)))

((DEFAULTSORT:010))
[[Category:10th Mountain Division (United States)| ]]
[[Category:Infantry divisions of the United States Army in World War II|010th Mountain Division, U.S.]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1943]]
[[Category:Military units and formations in New York (state)]]
[[Category:Mountain infantry divisions]]
[[Category:United States Army divisions during World War II|Mountain Division, U.S. 010th]]
[[Category:United States Army divisions of World War I]]

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