1933–1935 U.S. Congress
The 73rd United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives . It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1933, to January 3, 1935, during the first two years of Franklin D. Roosevelt's presidency .[ 1] [ 2] Because of the newly ratified 20th Amendment , the duration of this Congress, along with the term of office of those elected to it, was shortened by 60 days. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1930 United States census .
The Democrats greatly increased their majority in the House, and won control of the Senate for the first time since the 65th Congress in 1917. With Franklin D. Roosevelt being sworn in as president on March 4, 1933, this gave the Democrats an overall federal government trifecta , also for the first time since the 65th Congress.
The first session of Congress, known as the "Hundred Days ", took place before the regular seating and was called by President Roosevelt specifically to pass two acts:
March 9, 1933: The Emergency Banking Act (ch. 1, 48 Stat. 1 ) was enacted within four hours of its introduction. It was prompted by the "bank holiday " and was the first step in Roosevelt's "first hundred days " of the New Deal . The Act was drafted in large part by officials appointed by the Hoover administration. The bill provided for the Treasury Department to initiate reserve requirements and a federal bailout to large failing institutions. It also removed the United States from the Gold Standard . All banks had to undergo a federal inspection to deem if they were stable enough to re-open. Within a week 1/3 of the banks re-opened in the United States and faith was, in large part, restored in the banking system. The act had few opponents, only taking fire from the farthest left elements of Congress who wanted to nationalize banks altogether.
March 10, 1933: The Economy Act of 1933 . Roosevelt, in sending this act to Congress, warned that if it did not pass, the country faced a billion-dollar deficit . The act balanced the federal budget by cutting the salaries of government employees and cutting pensions to veterans by as much as 15 percent. It intended to reassure the deficit hawks that the new president was fiscally conservative. Although the act was heavily protested by left-leaning members of congress, it passed by an overwhelming margin. President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs the Tennessee Valley Authority Act The session also passed several other major pieces of legislation:
March 31, 1933: The Civilian Conservation Corps Reforestation Relief Act (ch. 17, 48 Stat. 22 ) established the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) as a means to combat unemployment and poverty .
May 12, 1933: The Agricultural Adjustment Act (ch. 25, 48 Stat. 31 ) was part of a plan developed by Roosevelt's Secretary of Agriculture , Henry A. Wallace , and was designed to protect American farmers from the uncertainties of the depression through subsidies and production controls. The act laid the frame for long-term government control in the planning of the agricultural sector. In 1936 the act was ruled unconstitutional by the United States Supreme Court because it taxed one group to pay for another.
May 12, 1933: The Federal Emergency Relief Act (ch. 30, 48 Stat. 55 ) established the Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) which develop public works projects to give work to the unemployed.
May 18, 1933: The Tennessee Valley Authority Act (ch. 32, 48 Stat. 58 ) created the Tennessee Valley Authority to relieve the Tennessee Valley by a series of public works projects.
June 5, 1933: The Securities Act of 1933 (ch. 38, 48 Stat. 74 ) established the Securities Exchange Commission (SEC) as a way for the government to prevent a repeat of the Stock Market Crash of 1929 .
June 12, 1933: The Glass–Steagall Act of 1933 (ch. 89, 48 Stat. 162 ) was a follow-up to the Glass–Steagall Act of 1932 . Both acts sought to make banking safer and less prone to speculation. The 1933 act, however, established the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation .
June 16, 1933: The National Industrial Recovery Act ("NIRA", ch. 90, 48 Stat. 195 ) was an anti-deflation scheme promoted by the Chamber of Commerce that reversed anti-trust laws and permit trade associations to cooperate in stabilizing prices within their industries while making businesses ensure that the incomes of workers would rise along with their prices. It guaranteed to workers of the right of collective bargaining and helped spur major union organizing drives in major industries. In case consumer buying power lagged behind, thereby defeating the administration's initiatives, the NIRA created the Public Works Administration (PWA), a major program of public works spending designed to alleviate unemployment, and moreover to transfer funds to certain beneficiaries. The NIRA established the most important, but ultimately least successful provision: a new federal agency known as the National Recovery Administration (NRA), which attempted to stabilize prices and wages through cooperative "code authorities" involving government, business, and labor. The NIRA was seen hailed as a miracle, responding to the needs of labor, business, unemployment, and the deflation crisis. The "sick chicken case " led to the Supreme Court invalidating NIRA in 1935. March 24, 1934: The Tydings–McDuffie Act (Pub. L. Tooltip Public Law (United States) 73–127 , 48 Stat. 456 ) provided for self-government for the Commonwealth of the Philippines and a pathway to independence.
June 6, 1934: The Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (ch. 404, 48 Stat. 881 ) grew out of the Securities Act of 1933 and regulated participation in financial markets.
June 6, 1934: The National Firearms Act of 1934 (ch. 757, 48 Stat. 1236 ) regulated machine guns, short-barreled rifles and shotguns.
June 19, 1934: Communications Act of 1934 (ch. 652, 48 Stat. 1064 , Pub. L. Tooltip Public Law (United States) 73–416 ) Constitutional amendments [ edit ] "Merchants of Death"[ edit ] The Senate Munitions Committee came into existence solely for the purpose of this hearing. Although World War I had been over for sixteen years, there were revived reports that America's leading munition companies had effectively influenced the United States into that conflict, which killed 53,000 Americans, hence the companies' nickname "Merchants of Death ".
The Democratic Party, controlling the Senate for the first time since the first world war, used the hype of these reports to organize the hearing in hopes of nationalizing America's munitions industry. The Democrats chose a Republican renowned for his ardent isolationist policies, Senator Gerald P. Nye of North Dakota, to head the hearing. Nye was typical of western agrarian progressives , and adamantly opposed America's involvement in any foreign war. Nye declared at the opening of the hearing "when the Senate investigation is over, we shall see that war and preparation for war is not a matter of national honor and national defense, but a matter of profit for the few."
Over the next 18 months, the "Nye Committee " (as newspapers called it) held 93 hearings, questioning more than 200 witnesses, including J.P. Morgan Jr. and Pierre du Pont . Committee members found little hard evidence of an active conspiracy among arms makers, yet the panel's reports did little to weaken the popular prejudice against "greedy munitions interests."
The hearings overlapped the 73rd and 74th Congresses. They only came to an end after Chairman Nye provoked the Democratic caucus into cutting off funding. Nye, in the last hearing the Committee held in early 1936, attacked former Democratic President Woodrow Wilson , suggesting that Wilson had withheld essential information from Congress as it considered a declaration of war . Democratic leaders, including Appropriations Committee Chairman Carter Glass of Virginia , unleashed a furious response against Nye for "dirtdaubing the sepulcher of Woodrow Wilson." Standing before cheering colleagues in a packed Senate chamber, Glass slammed his fist onto his desk in protest until blood dripped from his knuckles, effectively prompting the Democratic caucus to withhold all funding for further hearings.
Although the "Nye Committee" failed to achieve its goal of nationalizing the arms industry, it inspired three congressional neutrality acts in the mid-1930s that signaled profound American opposition to overseas involvement.
For details, see Changes in membership , below.
There were 48 states with two senators per state, this gave the Senate 96 seats. Membership changed with four deaths, one resignation, and two appointees who were replaced by electees.
Party(shading indicates majority caucus)
Total
Democratic
Farmer–Labor
Progressive
Republican
Vacant
End of previous Congress
46
1
0
48
95
1
Begin (March 4, 1933)
58
1
0
36
95
1
March 11, 1933
35
94
2
March 13, 1933
59
95
1
May 24, 1933
60
96
0
June 24, 1933
59
95
1
October 6, 1933
34
94
2
October 10, 1933
60
95
1
November 3, 1933
59
94
2
November 21, 1933
35
95
1
January 1, 1934
60
96
0
Final voting share
62.5%
1.0%
0.0%
36.5%
Beginning of next Congress
70
1
1
23
95
1
House of Representatives [ edit ] Membership changed with twelve deaths and three resignations.
Party(shading indicates majority caucus)
Total
Democratic
Farmer–Labor
Progressive
Republican
Vacant
End of previous Congress
220
1
0
206
428
8
Begin (March 4, 1933)
311
5
0
117
433
2
April 22, 1933
312
434
1
April 29, 1933
311
433
2
May 12, 1933
310
432
3
May 17, 1933
309
431
4
June 19, 1933
308
430
5
June 22, 1933
307
429
6
June 24, 1933
308
430
5
July 5, 1933
309
431
4
August 27, 1933
116
430
5
September 23, 1933
308
429
6
October 3, 1933
309
430
5
October 19, 1933
115
429
6
November 5, 1933
114
428
7
November 7, 1933
310
429
6
November 14, 1933
311
430
5
November 28, 1933
312
431
4
December 19, 1933
313
113
December 28, 1933
114
432
3
January 16, 1934
115
433
2
January 30, 1934
116
434
1
April 1, 1934
312
433
2
May 1, 1934
313
434
1
May 29, 1934
115
433
2
June 8, 1934
312
432
3
July 7, 1934
313
433
2
August 19, 1934
312
432
3
August 22, 1934
309
431
4
September 30, 1934
113
427
8
Final voting share
72.4%
1.2%
0.0%
26.4%
Beginning of next Congress
322
3
7
102
435
1
Section contents: Senate : Majority (D) , Minority (R) • House : Majority (D) , Minority (R)
Majority (Democratic) leadership[ edit ] Minority (Republican) leadership[ edit ] House of Representatives [ edit ] Majority (Democratic) leadership[ edit ] Minority (Republican) leadership[ edit ] Senators are popularly elected statewide every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers , which indicate the cycle of their election, In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1934; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1936; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1938.
▌ 2. John H. Bankhead II (D)
▌ 3. Hugo Black (D)
▌ 1. Henry F. Ashurst (D)
▌ 3. Carl Hayden (D)
▌ 2. Joseph Taylor Robinson (D)
▌ 3. Hattie Caraway (D)
▌ 1. Hiram W. Johnson (R)
▌ 2. William G. McAdoo
▌ 2. Edward P. Costigan (D)
▌ 3. Alva B. Adams (D)
▌ 1. Frederic C. Walcott (R)
▌ 3. Augustine Lonergan (D)
▌ 1. John G. Townsend Jr. (R)
▌ 2. Daniel O. Hastings (R)
▌ 1. Park Trammell (D)
▌ 3. Duncan U. Fletcher (D)
▌ 2. Walter F. George (D)
▌ 3. Richard B. Russell Jr. (D)
▌ 2. William E. Borah (R)
▌ 3. James P. Pope (D)
▌ 2. James Hamilton Lewis (D)
▌ 3. William H. Dieterich (D)
▌ 1. Arthur R. Robinson (R)
▌ 3. Frederick Van Nuys (D)
▌ 2. Lester J. Dickinson (R)
▌ 3. Richard L. Murphy (D)
▌ 2. Arthur Capper (R)
▌ 3. George McGill (D)
▌ 2. Marvel M. Logan (D)
▌ 3. Alben W. Barkley (D)
▌ 2. Huey P. Long (D)
▌ 3. John H. Overton (D)
▌ 1. Frederick Hale (R)
▌ 2. Wallace H. White Jr. (R)
▌ 1. Phillips Lee Goldsborough (R)
▌ 3. Millard Tydings (D)
▌ 1. David I. Walsh (D)
▌ 2. Marcus A. Coolidge (D)
▌ 1. Arthur H. Vandenberg (R)
▌ 2. James J. Couzens (R)
▌ 1. Henrik Shipstead (FL)
▌ 2. Thomas D. Schall (R)
▌ 1. Hubert D. Stephens (D)
▌ 2. Pat Harrison (D)
▌ 1. Roscoe C. Patterson (R)
▌ 3. Bennett Champ Clark (D)
▌ 1. Burton K. Wheeler (D)
▌ 2. John E. Erickson (D), March 13, 1933 – November 7, 1934
▌ James E. Murray (D), from November 7, 1934
▌ 1. Robert B. Howell (R), until March 11, 1933
▌ William H. Thompson (D), May 24, 1933 – November 7, 1934
▌ Richard C. Hunter (D), from November 7, 1934
▌ 2. George W. Norris (R)
▌ 1. Key Pittman (D)
▌ 3. Patrick A. McCarran (D)
▌ 2. Henry W. Keyes (R)
▌ 3. Fred H. Brown (D)
▌ 1. Hamilton Fish Kean (R)
▌ 2. William Warren Barbour (R)
▌ 1. Bronson M. Cutting (R)
▌ 2. Sam G. Bratton (D), until June 24, 1933
▌ Carl Hatch (D), from October 10, 1933
▌ 1. Royal S. Copeland (D)
▌ 3. Robert F. Wagner (D)
▌ 2. Josiah William Bailey (D)
▌ 3. Robert R. Reynolds (D)
▌ 1. Lynn Frazier (R-NPL)
▌ 3. Gerald Nye (R)
▌ 1. Simeon D. Fess (R)
▌ 3. Robert J. Bulkley (D)
▌ 2. Thomas P. Gore (D)
▌ 3. Elmer Thomas (D)
▌ 2. Charles L. McNary (R)
▌ 3. Frederick Steiwer (R)
▌ 1. David A. Reed (R)
▌ 3. James J. Davis (R)
▌ 1. Felix Hebert (R)
▌ 2. Jesse H. Metcalf (R)
▌ 2. James F. Byrnes (D)
▌ 3. Ellison D. Smith (D)
▌ 2. William J. Bulow (D)
▌ 3. Peter Norbeck (R)
▌ 1. Kenneth D. McKellar (D)
▌ 2. Nathan L. Bachman (D)
▌ 1. Thomas T. Connally (D)
▌ 2. Morris Sheppard (D)
▌ 1. William H. King (D)
▌ 3. Elbert D. Thomas (D)
▌ 1. Warren Austin (R)
▌ 3. Porter H. Dale (R), until October 6, 1933
▌ Ernest Willard Gibson (R), from November 21, 1933
▌ 1. Harry F. Byrd (D)
▌ 2. Carter Glass (D)
▌ 1. Clarence Cleveland Dill (D)
▌ 3. Homer Bone (D)
▌ 1. Henry D. Hatfield (R)
▌ 2. Matthew M. Neely (D)
▌ 1. Robert M. La Follette Jr. (R)
▌ 3. F. Ryan Duffy (D)
▌ 1. John B. Kendrick (D), until November 3, 1933
▌ Joseph C. O'Mahoney (D), from January 1, 1934
▌ 2. Robert D. Carey (R)
Senators' party membership by state at the opening of the 73rd Congress in March 1933. The green stripes denote Farmer-Labor Senator Henrik Shipstead . 2 Democrats
1 Democrat and 1 Republican
2 Republicans
House of Representatives [ edit ] The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.
▌ 1 . John McDuffie (D)
▌ 2 . J. Lister Hill (D)
▌ 3 . Henry B. Steagall (D)
▌ 4 . Lamar Jeffers (D)
▌ 5 . Miles C. Allgood (D)
▌ 6 . William B. Oliver (D)
▌ 7 . William B. Bankhead (D)
▌ 8 . Edward B. Almon (D), until June 22, 1933
▌ Archibald Hill Carmichael (D), from November 14, 1933
▌ 9 . George Huddleston (D)
▌ At-large . Isabella Selmes Greenway (D), from October 3, 1933
▌ 1 . William J. Driver (D)
▌ 2 . John E. Miller (D)
▌ 3 . Claude A. Fuller (D)
▌ 4 . William B. Cravens (D)
▌ 5 . Heartsill Ragon (D), until June 16, 1933
▌ David D. Terry (D), from December 19, 1933
▌ 6 . David D. Glover (D)
▌ 7 . Tilman B. Parks (D)
▌ 1 . Clarence F. Lea (D)
▌ 2 . Harry L. Englebright (R)
▌ 3 . Frank H. Buck (D)
▌ 4 . Florence P. Kahn (R)
▌ 5 . Richard J. Welch (R)
▌ 6 . Albert E. Carter (R)
▌ 7 . Ralph R. Eltse (R)
▌ 8 . John J. McGrath (D)
▌ 9 . Denver S. Church (D)
▌ 10 . Henry E. Stubbs (D)
▌ 11 . William E. Evans (R)
▌ 12 . John H. Hoeppel (D)
▌ 13 . Charles Kramer (D)
▌ 14 . Thomas F. Ford (D)
▌ 15 . William I. Traeger (R)
▌ 16 . John F. Dockweiler (D)
▌ 17 . Charles J. Colden (D)
▌ 18 . John H. Burke (D)
▌ 19 . Sam L. Collins (R)
▌ 20 . George Burnham (R)
▌ 1 . Lawrence Lewis (D)
▌ 2 . Fred N. Cummings (D)
▌ 3 . John A. Martin (D)
▌ 4 . Edward T. Taylor (D)
▌ 1 . Herman P. Kopplemann (D)
▌ 2 . William L. Higgins (R)
▌ 3 . Francis T. Maloney (D)
▌ 4 . Schuyler Merritt (R)
▌ 5 . Edward W. Goss (R)
▌ At-large . Charles M. Bakewell (R)
▌ At-large . Wilbur L. Adams (D)
▌ 1 . J. Hardin Peterson (D)
▌ 2 . Robert A. Green (D)
▌ 3 . Millard F. Caldwell (D)
▌ 4 . J. Mark Wilcox (D)
▌ At-large . William J. Sears (D)
▌ 1 . Homer C. Parker (D)
▌ 2 . Edward E. Cox (D)
▌ 3 . Bryant T. Castellow (D)
▌ 4 . Emmett M. Owen (D)
▌ 5 . Robert Ramspeck (D)
▌ 6 . Carl Vinson (D)
▌ 7 . Malcolm C. Tarver (D)
▌ 8 . Braswell Deen (D)
▌ 9 . John S. Wood (D)
▌ 10 . Charles H. Brand (D), until May 17, 1933
▌ Paul Brown (D), from July 5, 1933
▌ 1 . Compton I. White (D)
▌ 2 . Thomas C. Coffin (D), until June 8, 1934
▌ 1 . Oscar S. De Priest (R)
▌ 2 . P. H. Moynihan (R)
▌ 3 . Edward A. Kelly (D)
▌ 4 . Harry P. Beam (D)
▌ 5 . Adolph J. Sabath (D)
▌ 6 . Thomas J. O’Brien (D)
▌ 7 . Leonard W. Schuetz (D)
▌ 8 . Leo Kocialkowski (D)
▌ 9 . Frederick A. Britten (R)
▌ 10 . James Simpson Jr. (R)
▌ 11 . Frank R. Reid (R)
▌ 12 . John T. Buckbee (R)
▌ 13 . Leo E. Allen (R)
▌ 14 . Chester C. Thompson (D)
▌ 15 . J. Leroy Adair (D)
▌ 16 . Everett M. Dirksen (R)
▌ 17 . Frank Gillespie (D)
▌ 18 . James A. Meeks (D)
▌ 19 . Donald C. Dobbins (D)
▌ 20 . Henry T. Rainey (D), until August 19, 1934
▌ 21 . J. Earl Major (D), until October 6, 1933
▌ 22 . Edwin M. Schaefer (D)
▌ 23 . William W. Arnold (D)
▌ 24 . Claude V. Parsons (D)
▌ 25 . Kent E. Keller (D)
▌ At-large . Martin A. Brennan (D)
▌ At-large . Walter Nesbit (D)
▌ 1 . William T. Schulte (D)
▌ 2 . George R. Durgan (D)
▌ 3 . Samuel B. Pettengill (D)
▌ 4 . James I. Farley (D)
▌ 5 . Glenn Griswold (D)
▌ 6 . Virginia E. Jenckes (D)
▌ 7 . Arthur H. Greenwood (D)
▌ 8 . John W. Boehne Jr. (D)
▌ 9 . Eugene B. Crowe (D)
▌ 10 . Finly H. Gray (D)
▌ 11 . William H. Larrabee (D)
▌ 12 . Louis Ludlow (D)
▌ 1 . Edward C. Eicher (D)
▌ 2 . Bernhard M. Jacobsen (D)
▌ 3 . Albert C. Willford (D)
▌ 4 . Fred Biermann (D)
▌ 5 . Lloyd Thurston (R)
▌ 6 . Cassius C. Dowell (R)
▌ 7 . Otha D. Wearin (D)
▌ 8 . Fred C. Gilchrist (R)
▌ 9 . Guy M. Gillette (D)
▌ 1 . William P. Lambertson (R)
▌ 2 . Ulysses S. Guyer (R)
▌ 3 . Harold C. McGugin (R)
▌ 4 . Randolph Carpenter (D)
▌ 5 . William A. Ayres (D), until August 22, 1934
▌ 6 . Kathryn O'Loughlin McCarthy (D)
▌ 7 . Clifford R. Hope (R)
▌ At-large . John Y. Brown Sr. (D)
▌ At-large . Cap R. Carden (D)
▌ At-large . Glover H. Cary (D)
▌ At-large . Virgil Chapman (D)
▌ At-large . W. Voris Gregory (D)
▌ At-large . Finley Hamilton (D)
▌ At-large . Andrew J. May (D)
▌ At-large . Brent Spence (D)
▌ At-large . Fred M. Vinson (D)
▌ 1 . Joachim O. Fernández (D)
▌ 2 . Paul H. Maloney (D)
▌ 3 . Numa F. Montet (D)
▌ 4 . John N. Sandlin (D)
▌ 5 . Riley Joseph Wilson (D)
▌ 6 . Bolivar E. Kemp (D), until June 19, 1933
▌ Jared Y. Sanders Jr. (D), from May 1, 1934
▌ 7 . René L. DeRouen (D)
▌ 8 . Cleveland Dear (D)
▌ 1 . Carroll L. Beedy (R)
▌ 2 . Edward C. Moran Jr. (D)
▌ 3 . John G. Utterback (D)
▌ 1 . T. Alan Goldsborough (D)
▌ 2 . William P. Cole Jr. (D)
▌ 3 . Vincent L. Palmisano (D)
▌ 4 . Ambrose J. Kennedy (D)
▌ 5 . Stephen W. Gambrill (D)
▌ 6 . David J. Lewis (D)
▌ 1 . Allen T. Treadway (R)
▌ 2 . William J. Granfield (D)
▌ 3 . Frank H. Foss (R)
▌ 4 . Pehr G. Holmes (R)
▌ 5 . Edith Nourse Rogers (R)
▌ 6 . A. Piatt Andrew Jr. (R)
▌ 7 . William P. Connery Jr. (D)
▌ 8 . Arthur D. Healey (D)
▌ 9 . Robert Luce (R)
▌ 10 . George H. Tinkham (R)
▌ 11 . John J. Douglass (D)
▌ 12 . John W. McCormack (D)
▌ 13 . Richard B. Wigglesworth (R)
▌ 14 . Joseph W. Martin Jr. (R)
▌ 15 . Charles L. Gifford (R)
▌ 1 . George G. Sadowski (D)
▌ 2 . John C. Lehr (D)
▌ 3 . Joseph L. Hooper (R), until February 22, 1934
▌ 4 . George Ernest Foulkes (D)
▌ 5 . Carl Mapes (R)
▌ 6 . Claude E. Cady (D)
▌ 7 . Jesse P. Wolcott (R)
▌ 8 . Michael J. Hart (D)
▌ 9 . Harry W. Musselwhite (D)
▌ 10 . Roy O. Woodruff (R)
▌ 11 . Prentiss M. Brown (D)
▌ 12 . W. Frank James (R)
▌ 13 . Clarence J. McLeod (R)
▌ 14 . Carl M. Weideman (D)
▌ 15 . John D. Dingell Sr. (D)
▌ 16 . John Lesinski Sr. (D)
▌ 17 . George A. Dondero (R)
▌ At-large . Henry M. Arens (FL)
▌ At-large . Ray P. Chase (R)
▌ At-large . Theodore Christianson (R)
▌ At-large . Einar Hoidale (D)
▌ At-large . Magnus Johnson (FL)
▌ At-large . Harold Knutson (R)
▌ At-large . Paul J. Kvale (FL)
▌ At-large . Ernest Lundeen (FL)
▌ At-large . Francis Shoemaker (FL)
▌ 1 . John E. Rankin (D)
▌ 2 . Wall Doxey (D)
▌ 3 . William M. Whittington (D)
▌ 4 . T. Jefferson Busby (D)
▌ 5 . Ross A. Collins (D)
▌ 6 . William M. Colmer (D)
▌ 7 . Lawrence R. Ellzey (D)
▌ At-large . Clarence Cannon (D)
▌ At-large . James Robert Claiborne (D)
▌ At-large . John J. Cochran (D)
▌ At-large . Clement C. Dickinson (D)
▌ At-large . Richard M. Duncan (D)
▌ At-large . Frank H. Lee (D)
▌ At-large . Ralph F. Lozier (D)
▌ At-large . Jacob L. Milligan (D)
▌ At-large . Milton A. Romjue (D)
▌ At-large . James Edward Ruffin (D)
▌ At-large . Joseph B. Shannon (D)
▌ At-large . Clyde Williams (D)
▌ At-large . Reuben T. Wood (D)
▌ 1 . Joseph P. Monaghan (D)
▌ 2 . Roy E. Ayers (D)
▌ 1 . John H. Morehead (D)
▌ 2 . Edward R. Burke (D)
▌ 3 . Edgar Howard (D)
▌ 4 . Ashton C. Shallenberger (D)
▌ 5 . Terry Carpenter (D)
▌ At-large . James G. Scrugham (D)
▌ 1 . William N. Rogers (D)
▌ 2 . Charles W. Tobey (R)
▌ 1 . Charles A. Wolverton (R)
▌ 2 . Isaac Bacharach (R)
▌ 3 . William H. Sutphin (D)
▌ 4 . D. Lane Powers (R)
▌ 5 . Charles A. Eaton (R)
▌ 6 . Donald H. McLean (R)
▌ 7 . Randolph Perkins (R)
▌ 8 . George N. Seger (R)
▌ 9 . Edward A. Kenney (D)
▌ 10 . Fred A. Hartley Jr. (R)
▌ 11 . Peter A. Cavicchia (R)
▌ 12 . Frederick R. Lehlbach (R)
▌ 13 . Mary T. Norton (D)
▌ 14 . Oscar L. Auf der Heide (D)
▌ At-large . Dennis Chávez (D)
▌ 1 . Robert L. Bacon (R)
▌ 2 . William F. Brunner (D)
▌ 3 . George W. Lindsay (D)
▌ 4 . Thomas H. Cullen (D)
▌ 5 . Loring M. Black Jr. (D)
▌ 6 . Andrew L. Somers (D)
▌ 7 . John J. Delaney (D)
▌ 8 . Patrick J. Carley (D)
▌ 9 . Stephen A. Rudd (D)
▌ 10 . Emanuel Celler (D)
▌ 11 . Anning S. Prall (D)
▌ 12 . Samuel Dickstein (D)
▌ 13 . Christopher D. Sullivan (D)
▌ 14 . William I. Sirovich (D)
▌ 15 . John J. Boylan (D)
▌ 16 . John J. O'Connor (D)
▌ 17 . Theodore A. Peyser (D)
▌ 18 . Martin J. Kennedy (D)
▌ 19 . Sol Bloom (D)
▌ 20 . James J. Lanzetta (D)
▌ 21 . Joseph A. Gavagan (D)
▌ 22 . Anthony J. Griffin (D)
▌ 23 . Frank Oliver (D), until June 18, 1934
▌ 24 . James M. Fitzpatrick (D)
▌ 25 . Charles D. Millard (R)
▌ 26 . Hamilton Fish III (R)
▌ 27 . Philip A. Goodwin (R)
▌ 28 . Parker Corning (D)
▌ 29 . James S. Parker (R), until December 19, 1933
▌ William D. Thomas (R), from January 30, 1934
▌ 30 . Frank Crowther (R)
▌ 31 . Bertrand H. Snell (R)
▌ 32 . Francis D. Culkin (R)
▌ 33 . Fred J. Sisson (D)
▌ 34 . John D. Clarke (R), until November 5, 1933
▌ Marian W. Clarke (R), from December 28, 1933
▌ 35 . Clarence E. Hancock (R)
▌ 36 . John Taber (R)
▌ 37 . Gale H. Stalker (R)
▌ 38 . James L. Whitley (R)
▌ 39 . James W. Wadsworth Jr. (R)
▌ 40 . Walter G. Andrews (R)
▌ 41 . Alfred F. Beiter (D)
▌ 42 . James M. Mead (D)
▌ 43 . Daniel A. Reed (R)
▌ At-large . John Fitzgibbons (D)
▌ At-large . Elmer E. Studley (D)
▌ 1 . Lindsay C. Warren (D)
▌ 2 . John H. Kerr (D)
▌ 3 . Charles L. Abernethy (D)
▌ 4 . Edward W. Pou (D), until April 1, 1934
▌ Harold D. Cooley (D), from July 7, 1934
▌ 5 . Franklin W. Hancock Jr. (D)
▌ 6 . William B. Umstead (D)
▌ 7 . J. Bayard Clark (D)
▌ 8 . J. Walter Lambeth (D)
▌ 9 . Robert L. Doughton (D)
▌ 10 . Alfred L. Bulwinkle (D)
▌ 11 . Zebulon Weaver (D)
▌ At-large . William Lemke (R-NPL)
▌ At-large . James H. Sinclair (R)
▌ 1 . John B. Hollister (R)
▌ 2 . William E. Hess (R)
▌ 3 . Byron B. Harlan (D)
▌ 4 . Frank Le Blond Kloeb (D)
▌ 5 . Frank C. Kniffin (D)
▌ 6 . James G. Polk (D)
▌ 7 . Leroy T. Marshall (R)
▌ 8 . Thomas B. Fletcher (D)
▌ 9 . Warren J. Duffey (D)
▌ 10 . Thomas A. Jenkins (R)
▌ 11 . Mell G. Underwood (D)
▌ 12 . Arthur P. Lamneck (D)
▌ 13 . William L. Fiesinger (D)
▌ 14 . Dow W. Harter (D)
▌ 15 . Robert T. Secrest (D)
▌ 16 . William R. Thom (D)
▌ 17 . Charles F. West (D)
▌ 18 . Lawrence E. Imhoff (D)
▌ 19 . John G. Cooper (R)
▌ 20 . Martin L. Sweeney (D)
▌ 21 . Robert Crosser (D)
▌ 22 . Chester C. Bolton (R)
▌ At-large . Charles V. Truax (D)
▌ At-large . Stephen M. Young (D)
▌ 1 . Wesley E. Disney (D)
▌ 2 . William W. Hastings (D)
▌ 3 . Wilburn Cartwright (D)
▌ 4 . Tom D. McKeown (D)
▌ 5 . Fletcher B. Swank (D)
▌ 6 . Jed J. Johnson (D)
▌ 7 . James V. McClintic (D)
▌ 8 . Ernest W. Marland (D)
▌ At-large . Will Rogers (D)
▌ 1 . James W. Mott (R)
▌ 2 . Walter M. Pierce (D)
▌ 3 . Charles H. Martin (D)
▌ 1 . Harry C. Ransley (R)
▌ 2 . James M. Beck (R), until September 30, 1934
▌ 3 . Alfred Marpole Waldron (R)
▌ 4 . George W. Edmonds (R)
▌ 5 . James J. Connolly (R)
▌ 6 . Edward L. Stokes (R)
▌ 7 . George P. Darrow (R)
▌ 8 . James Wolfenden (R)
▌ 9 . Henry Winfield Watson (R), until August 27, 1933
▌ Oliver Walter Frey (D), from November 7, 1933
▌ 10 . J. Roland Kinzer (R)
▌ 11 . Patrick J. Boland (D)
▌ 12 . C. Murray Turpin (R)
▌ 13 . George F. Brumm (R), until May 29, 1934
▌ 14 . William Emanuel Richardson (D)
▌ 15 . Louis T. McFadden (R)
▌ 16 . Robert F. Rich (R)
▌ 17 . J. William Ditter (R)
▌ 18 . Benjamin K. Focht (R)
▌ 19 . Isaac H. Doutrich (R)
▌ 20 . Thomas C. Cochran (R)
▌ 21 . Francis E. Walter (D)
▌ 22 . Harry L. Haines (D)
▌ 23 . J. Banks Kurtz (R)
▌ 24 . J. Buell Snyder (D)
▌ 25 . Charles I. Faddis (D)
▌ 26 . J. Howard Swick (R)
▌ 27 . Nathan L. Strong (R)
▌ 28 . William M. Berlin (D)
▌ 29 . Charles N. Crosby (D)
▌ 30 . J. Twing Brooks (D)
▌ 31 . M. Clyde Kelly (R)
▌ 32 . Michael Joseph Muldowney (R)
▌ 33 . Henry Ellenbogen (D)
▌ 34 . Matthew A. Dunn (D)
▌ 1 . Francis B. Condon (D)
▌ 2 . John M. O'Connell (D)
▌ 1 . Thomas S. McMillan (D)
▌ 2 . Hampton P. Fulmer (D)
▌ 3 . John C. Taylor (D)
▌ 4 . John J. McSwain (D)
▌ 5 . James P. Richards (D)
▌ 6 . Allard H. Gasque (D)
▌ 1 . Fred H. Hildebrandt (D)
▌ 2 . Theodore B. Werner (D)
▌ 1 . B. Carroll Reece (R)
▌ 2 . J. Will Taylor (R)
▌ 3 . Samuel D. McReynolds (D)
▌ 4 . John Ridley Mitchell (D)
▌ 5 . Joseph W. Byrns (D)
▌ 6 . Clarence W. Turner (D)
▌ 7 . Gordon Browning (D)
▌ 8 . Jere Cooper (D)
▌ 9 . Edward H. Crump (D)
▌ 1 . Wright Patman (D)
▌ 2 . Martin Dies Jr. (D)
▌ 3 . Morgan G. Sanders (D)
▌ 4 . Sam Rayburn (D)
▌ 5 . Hatton W. Sumners (D)
▌ 6 . Luther Alexander Johnson (D)
▌ 7 . Clay Stone Briggs (D), until April 29, 1933
▌ Clark W. Thompson (D), from June 24, 1933
▌ 8 . Joe H. Eagle (D)
▌ 9 . Joseph J. Mansfield (D)
▌ 10 . James P. Buchanan (D)
▌ 11 . Oliver H. Cross (D)
▌ 12 . Fritz G. Lanham (D)
▌ 13 . William D. McFarlane (D)
▌ 14 . Richard M. Kleberg (D)
▌ 15 . Milton H. West (D), from April 22, 1933
▌ 16 . R. Ewing Thomason (D)
▌ 17 . Thomas L. Blanton (D)
▌ 18 . John Marvin Jones (D)
▌ At-large . Joseph Weldon Bailey Jr. (D)
▌ At-large . Sterling Price Strong (D)
▌ At-large . George Butler Terrell (D)
▌ 1 . Abe Murdock (D)
▌ 2 . J. W. Robinson (D)
▌ At-large . Ernest Willard Gibson (R), until October 19, 1933
▌ Charles A. Plumley (R), from January 16, 1934
▌ At-large . S. Otis Bland (D)
▌ At-large . Thomas G. Burch (D)
▌ At-large . Colgate W. Darden Jr. (D)
▌ At-large . Patrick H. Drewry (D)
▌ At-large . John W. Flannagan Jr. (D)
▌ At-large . Andrew Jackson Montague (D)
▌ At-large . A. Willis Robertson (D)
▌ At-large . Howard W. Smith (D)
▌ At-large . Clifton A. Woodrum (D)
▌ 1 . Marion Anthony Zioncheck (D)
▌ 2 . Monrad C. Wallgren (D)
▌ 3 . Martin F. Smith (D)
▌ 4 . Knute Hill (D)
▌ 5 . Samuel B. Hill (D)
▌ 6 . Wesley Lloyd (D)
▌ 1 . Robert L. Ramsay (D)
▌ 2 . Jennings Randolph (D)
▌ 3 . Lynn Hornor (D), until September 23, 1933
▌ Andrew Edmiston Jr. (D), from November 28, 1933
▌ 4 . George W. Johnson (D)
▌ 5 . John Kee (D)
▌ 6 . Joe L. Smith (D)
▌ 1 . George Washington Blanchard (R)
▌ 2 . Charles W. Henney (D)
▌ 3 . Gardner R. Withrow (R)
▌ 4 . Raymond Joseph Cannon (D)
▌ 5 . Thomas David Patrick O'Malley (D)
▌ 6 . Michael K. Reilly (D)
▌ 7 . Gerald J. Boileau (R)
▌ 8 . James Frederic Hughes (D)
▌ 9 . James A. Frear (R)
▌ 10 . Hubert H. Peavey (R)
▌ At-large . Vincent Carter (R)
▌ Alaska Territory . Anthony J. Dimond (D)
▌ Hawaii Territory . Lincoln L. McCandless (D)
▌ Philippines : Pedro Guevara (Nac. )
▌ Philippines : Camilo Osías (Nac. )
▌ Puerto Rico : Santiago Iglesias (Coalitionist)
House seats by party holding plurality in state 80+% Democratic
80+% Republican
60+% to 80% Democratic
60+% to 80% Republican
Up to 60% Democratic
Up to 60% Republican
Changes in membership [ edit ]
Senate changes
State (class)
Vacated by
Reason for change
Successor
Date of successor's formal installation[ a]
Montana (2)
Vacant
Thomas J. Walsh (D) died in office. Successor appointed March 13, 1933, to continue the term. Successor later lost nomination to finish the term, see below.
John Erickson (D)
March 13, 1933
Nebraska (1)
Robert Howell (R)
Died March 11, 1933. Successor appointed May 24, 1933, to continue the term. Successor later retired, see below.
William H. Thompson (D)
May 24, 1933
New Mexico (2)
Sam Bratton (D)
Resigned June 24, 1933, when appointed Judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals . Successor appointed October 10, 1933, and then elected November 6, 1934.
Carl Hatch (D)
October 10, 1933
Vermont (3)
Porter Dale (R)
Died October 6, 1933. Successor appointed November 21, 1933, and then elected January 17, 1934.
Ernest Gibson (R)
November 21, 1933
Wyoming (1)
John Kendrick (D)
Died November 3, 1933. Successor appointed December 18, 1933, to finish the term.
Joseph C. O'Mahoney (D)
January 1, 1934
Nebraska (1)
William Thompson (D)
Interim appointee did not run in the special election to finish the term. Successor elected November 6, 1934.
Richard Hunter (D)
November 7, 1934
Montana (2)
John Erickson (D)
Interim appointee lost nomination to finish the term. Successor elected November 6, 1934.
James E. Murray (D)
November 7, 1934
House of Representatives [ edit ]
House changes
District
Vacated by
Reason for change
Successor
Date of successor's formal installation[ a]
Texas 15th
Vacant
John Garner had resigned at the end of the previous Congress
Milton H. West
April 22, 1933
Arizona at-large
Vacant
Lewis W. Douglas (D) had resigned at the end of the previous Congress
Isabella Greenway (D)
October 3, 1933
Texas 7th
Clay Stone Briggs (D)
Died April 29, 1933
Clark W. Thompson (D)
June 24, 1933
Arkansas 5th
Heartsill Ragon (D)
Resigned May 12, 1933, upon appointment as a judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Arkansas
David D. Terry (D)
December 19, 1933
Georgia 10th
Charles H. Brand (D)
Died May 17, 1933
Paul Brown (D)
July 5, 1933
Louisiana 6th
Bolivar E. Kemp (D)
Died June 19, 1933
Jared Y. Sanders Jr. (D)
May 1, 1934
Alabama 8th
Edward B. Almon (D)
Died June 22, 1933
Archibald Hill Carmichael (D)
November 14, 1933
Pennsylvania 9th
Henry Winfield Watson (R)
Died August 27, 1933
Oliver Walter Frey (D)
November 7, 1933
West Virginia 3rd
Lynn Hornor (D)
Died September 23, 1933
Andrew Edmiston Jr. (D)
November 28, 1933
Illinois 21st
J. Earl Major (D)
appointed as a judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Illinois October 6, 1933
Seat remained vacant until next Congress
Vermont at-large
Ernest W. Gibson (R)
Appointed U.S. Senator November 21, 1933
Charles A. Plumley (R)
January 16, 1934
New York 34th
John D. Clarke (R)
Died November 5, 1933
Marian W. Clarke (R)
December 28, 1933
New York 29th
James S. Parker (R)
Died December 19, 1933
William D. Thomas (R)
January 30, 1934
Michigan 3rd
Joseph L. Hooper (R)
Died February 22, 1934
Seat remained vacant until next Congress
North Carolina 4th
Edward W. Pou (D)
Died April 1, 1934
Harold D. Cooley (D)
July 7, 1934
Pennsylvania 13th
George F. Brumm (R)
Died May 29, 1934
Seat remained vacant until next Congress
Idaho 2nd
Thomas C. Coffin (D)
Died June 8, 1934
Seat remained vacant until next Congress
New York 23rd
Frank Oliver (D)
Resigned June 18, 1934
Seat remained vacant until next Congress
Illinois 20th
Henry T. Rainey (D)
Died August 19, 1934
Seat remained vacant until next Congress
Kansas 5th
William A. Ayres (D)
Resigned August 22, 1934, after being appointed a member of the Federal Trade Commission
Seat remained vacant until next Congress
Pennsylvania 2nd
James M. Beck (R)
Resigned September 30, 1934
Seat remained vacant until next Congress
House of Representatives [ edit ] House of Representatives [ edit ] Employees include:[ b]
^ Herring, E. Pendleton (1934). "First Session of the Seventy-third Congress, March 9, 1933, to June 16, 1933" . American Political Science Review . 28 (1): 65–83. doi :10.2307/1946722 . ISSN 0003-0554 .
^ Herring, E. Pendleton (1934). "Second Session of the Seventy-third Congress, January 3, 1934, to June 18, 1934" . American Political Science Review . 28 (5): 852–866. doi :10.2307/1947408 . ISSN 0003-0554 .
^ Huckabee, David C. (September 30, 1997). "Ratification of Amendments to the U.S. Constitution" (PDF) . Congressional Research Service reports . Washington D.C.: Congressional Research Service , The Library of Congress .
^ The Vice President of the United States serves as the President of the Senate. See U.S. Constitution, Article I, Section 3, Clause 4
^ The Democratic Senate Majority Leader also serves as the Chairman of the Democratic Conference.