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((Short description|1995 line of x86-compatible microprocessors))
((More citations needed|date=March 2022))
((Infobox CPU
|name           = Cyrix 5x86
|image          = Cyrix 5x86-100GP G5F8543J top.jpg
|image_size     = 200px
|caption        = A Cyrix 5x86-100GP Microprocessor
|manuf1         = [[Cyrix]]
|manuf2         = [[IBM]]
|produced-start = 5 June 1995
|produced-end   = 
|model          = 
|transistors    = 2 million
|size-from      = 0.65 [[μm]]
|slowest        = 100 |slow-unit = MHz
|fastest        = 120 |fast-unit = MHz
|fsb-slowest    = 25  |fsb-slow-unit = MHz
|fsb-fastest    = 50  |fsb-fast-unit = MHz
|soldby         =((plainlist|
* [[Cyrix]]
* [[IBM]]
)) 
|sock1          = [[Socket 3]]
|sock2          = 
|brand1         = 
|arch           = [[IA-32]]/[[x86]]
|microarch      = 5x86
|cpuid          =
|code           = 
|numcores       = 1
|l1cache        = 16 KiB
|predecessor    = [[Cyrix Cx486]]
|successor      = [[MediaGX]], [[Cyrix 6x86]]
|core1=M1SC))
[[File:Cyrix 5x86-120GP Microprocessor (cropped).jpg|thumb|Cyrix 5x86-120GP]]
[[File:Cyrix-Advert.jpg|thumb|Cyrix 5x86 Advertisement]]
The '''Cyrix 5x86''' was a line of [[x86]] [[microprocessor]]s designed by [[Cyrix]] and released on June 5 of 1995.<ref>((Cite news |date=5 June 1995 |title=CYRIX SET TO RELEASE ITS 100-MHZ M1SC CHIP |pages=3 |work=[[InfoWorld]] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wjoEAAAAMBAJ&dq=cyrix+m1sc+released&pg=PA3 |access-date=30 April 2022))</ref><ref>((Cite web |date=5 June 1995 |title=Cyrix Unveils M1sc As 5x86™ Processor Family |url=http://www.cyrix.com/corpor/press/1995/m1sc5x86.htm |website=Cyrix |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19961221100534/http://www.cyrix.com/corpor/press/1995/m1sc5x86.htm |archive-date=21 December 1996 |url-status=dead))</ref><ref>((Cite news |last1=Crothers |first1=Brooke |last2=Uimmonen |first2=Terho |date=12 June 1995 |title=Chip race heats up at Computex |pages=32 |work=[[InfoWorld]] |publisher=[[InfoWorld Media Group, Inc.]] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vDoEAAAAMBAJ&dq=cyrix+m1sc+released&pg=PA32 |access-date=30 April 2022 |issn=0199-6649))</ref>  Cyrix, being a fabless company, had the chips manufactured by [[IBM]]. The line came out about 5 months before the more famous [[Cyrix 6x86]]. The [[Cyrix]] '''5x86''' was one of the fastest [[Central processing unit|CPU]]s ever produced for [[Socket 3]] [[computer]] systems.((citation needed|date=May 2020)) With better performance in most applications than an [[Intel]] [[Intel P5|Pentium]] processor at 75&nbsp;[[Megahertz|MHz]], the Cyrix Cx5x86 filled a gap by providing a medium-performance processor option for [[Intel 80486|486]] Socket&nbsp;3 [[motherboard]]s (which are incapable of handling Intel's [[Intel P5|Pentium]] CPUs, apart from the [[Pentium OverDrive|Pentium Overdrive]]).((citation needed|date=May 2020))

The '''IBM 5x86C''' is an [[International Business Machines|IBM]] branded and produced version of the [[Cyrix]]-designed Cyrix Cx5x86 [[Central processing unit|CPU]]. Previous IBM x86 processors, [[386SLC|IBM 386SLC]] and [[386SLC#IBM 486SLC|IBM 486SLC]], were based on modified Intel designs.

==Design==
The Cyrix 5x86 processor, codename "M1sc", was based on a scaled-down version of the "M1" core used in the Cyrix [[6x86]], which provided 80% of the performance for a 50% decrease in [[transistor]]s over the 6x86 design.((citation needed|date=May 2020)) It had the [[32-bit]] memory bus of an ordinary 486 processor, but internally had much more in common with [[X86#Chronology|fifth-generation]] processors such as the Cyrix 6x86, the [[AMD K5]], and the Intel Pentium, and even the sixth-generation Intel [[Pentium Pro]].((citation needed|date=May 2020)) The chip featured near-complete support for i486 instructions, but very limited support for Pentium instructions.((citation needed|date=May 2020)) Some performance-enhancing features of the CPU were intentionally disabled due to potentially stability-threatening [[computer bug|bugs]] which were not fixed before release time (these features can be enabled with freely downloadable software utilities; see below).<ref>((cite web |url= https://www.karlstechnology.com/blog/cyrix-5x86/ |title= Cyrix 5x86 CPU  |publisher= The PC Guide |last=Kozierok |first=Charles  |date= 16 March 2018 |access-date=May 29, 2019))</ref>

The similarly named [[SGS-Thomson]] (STMicroelectronics) ST5x86 and [[International Business Machines|IBM]] 5x86C were licensed rebrandings of the Cyrix design (IBM and ST physically produced Cyrix's CPUs for them), marketed separately but identical for practical purposes, apart from the availability of a 75&nbsp;MHz edition which Cyrix did not bring to market, and slight differences in voltage requirements. The Cyrix 5x86 design, however, should not be confused with the similarly named [[Am5x86|AMD Am5x86]] which was essentially a clock-quadrupled 486 (not an all-new design like the Cyrix part) but which had broadly similar performance, used the same Socket 3, and was introduced at the end of the same year.

Cyrix's 5x86 was a very short-lived chip, having a market life of only six months. It is likely Cyrix could have continued to successfully sell processors based on Socket 3, but canned the 5x86 so that it would not compete with its then new 6x86 offerings.
((multiple image |total_width= 320px
 | image1    = KL STMicroelectronics ST5x86.jpg
 | caption1  = STMicroelectronics ST5x86-100.
 | image2    = KL IBM 5x86C.jpg
 | caption2  = The IBM 5x86 with blue heatsink.
))

==Controversies and anomalies==
((original research|date=February 2017))
The official Cyrix 5x86 website boasted about several features of the chip that were disabled by default in the final versions. The most controversial of these features was the "branch-prediction" feature, which was enabled in the benchmarks results on the company website when comparing the chip to Intel's Pentium processor.  While it was possible to enable the extra features using a special software utility, it usually resulted in an unstable system, especially on earlier steppings of the chip when running 32-bit code.

There are also many rumours surrounding a 133&nbsp;MHz, clock-quadrupled version of the Cyrix 5x86. The 133&nbsp;MHz version is very rare, however, and producers of upgrade kits were given preferential access to it, notably Gainbery. Some of the 100 and 120&nbsp;MHz parts also contain support for the 4X multiplier setting, and some of these chips may also work at 133&nbsp;MHz. However, the 5x86 is not known to overclock well; 120&nbsp;MHz is generally considered to be pushing the limitations of the process on which it was fabricated. An 80&nbsp;MHz (2×40&nbsp;MHz) 5x86 also exists, but is unclear as to whether or not it was ever officially released.

IBM's 5x86C was considered to be more conservatively rated than the Cyrix branded parts, and operated at a lower voltage (3.3V). For example: what Cyrix would rate as a 100&nbsp;MHz part, IBM would mark as 75&nbsp;MHz. IBM 5x86C was available as 75&nbsp;MHz and 100&nbsp;MHz parts. A few examples of 120&nbsp;MHz parts also exist, but they have early production dates indicating that they may have been produced prior to IBM's decision to scale back clock speeds. 5x86C also had a much longer production run than the Cyrix branded parts. IBM continued to produce 5x86C at least until late 1998 ([[Quad Flat Package|QFP]] only), whereas Cyrix's own part was discontinued in 1996. Parts which implement the 4X multiplier or Stepping 1 Rev 3 cores are not known to exist.

==Specifications==
[[File:Cy5x86 arch (cropped).png|310px|thumb|The Cyrix 5x86 architecture.]]
[[File:Cyrix 5x86 die.jpg|thumb|A die shot of Cyrix 5x86.]]
* iDX4WB pinout, 168 pins
* [[Socket 3]]
* 2.0 million transistors on 0.65 micrometre process
* 144mm² die
* 3.45 volts
* 16 [[kilobyte]]s unified [[L1 cache|level-one cache]]

[http://www.cpushack.com/chippics/Cyrix/80586/Cyrix5x86-100GP-HS.html 100 MHz] capable edition for 33&nbsp;MHz (33×3), and 50&nbsp;MHz (50×2) [[front side bus]]<BR>
[http://www.cpushack.com/chippics/Cyrix/80586/Cyrix5x86-100QP.html 100 MHz] capable edition for 33&nbsp;MHz (33×3), and 25&nbsp;MHz (25×4) [[front side bus]]<BR>
[http://www.cpushack.com/chippics/Cyrix/80586/Cyrix5x86-120GP.html 120/133 MHz] capable edition for 40&nbsp;MHz (40×3) and 33&nbsp;MHz (33×4) [[front side bus]].<ref>((cite web |url= http://www.cpushack.com/chippics/Cyrix/80586/ |title= Cyrix 5x86 Images |publisher= The CPU Shack Museum |access-date=May 29, 2019))</ref>

==References==
((Reflist))

==External links==
((commons category))
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090601075329/http://www.interwb.com/486bench.txt Comparative performance benchmarks]
*[http://www.pcguide.com/ref/cpu/fam/g4C5x86-c.html Cyrix 5x86]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20030104144558/http://worldwide-web-design.com/5x-tb.html Cyrix 5x86 Processor Brief]
*[http://pclinks.xtreemhost.com/486.htm Entry in 486 processors chart]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20030620071243/http://www.simtel.net/pub/pd/50153.html Performance-enhancing utility to enable 5x86 "register bits"]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20031020013939/http://homepage3.nifty.com/sandy55/PowerBoard/PowerBoard.html Information on write-back cache performance-enhancing utility] from [[Evergreen Technologies]] (see "Cyrix5x86" section in the middle of the page and "et9603.exe" hyperlink)

[[Category:Cyrix x86 microprocessors|Cx586]]
[[Category:IBM x86 microprocessors|586]]
[[Category:Computer-related introductions in 1995]]
[[Category:X86 microarchitectures]]

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