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((Short description|1945 document by Hồ Chí Minh declaring Vietnam's republic for the first time))
((redirect|Vietnamese Proclamation of Independence|other uses|Declarations of independence of Vietnam))
((more citations needed|date=February 2013))
((Infobox document
| document_name        = Declaration of independence of<br />the Democratic Republic of Vietnam
| image                = Bản Tuyên ngôn độc lập của nước Việt Nam Dân chủ Cộng hòa. - Trung tâm Lưu trữ quốc gia III. Phông Phủ Thủ tướng, hồ sơ 586, tờ số 1 – 3.jpg
| image_caption        = A copy of the original declaration of independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam
| date_created         =
| date_ratified        = September 2, 1945
| location_of_document =
| writer               = [[Ho Chi Minh]]
| signers              =
| purpose              = To announce and explain establishment of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam
))
[[File:Ho Chi Minh reading the Proclamation of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam on 2 September 1945.wav|thumb|Speech recording]]
The '''declaration of independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam''' (((lang-vi|Tuyên ngôn độc lập Việt Nam Dân chủ Cộng hòa)))<!--, after independence from Japan and France,--> was written by [[Hồ Chí Minh]], and announced in public at the Ba Đình flower garden (now the [[Ba Đình Square]]) in [[Hanoi]] on September 2, 1945. It led to the foundation of the [[North Vietnam|Democratic Republic of Vietnam]], replacing the [[Empire of Vietnam]] under the [[Nguyễn dynasty]] and Emperor [[Bảo Đại]], who [[Abdication of Bảo Đại|abdicated]] on August 25.

==History==
((Ho Chi Minh Thought Sidebar))
[[Vietnam]], under the [[Nguyễn dynasty]], became a protectorate of [[France]] in the late 19th century and later officially becoming a French Colony, but during [[World War II]], [[Empire of Japan|Japan]] occupied the country from 1940. During this period the [[Viet Minh]], who was originally fighting against French Colonial Rule, began [[guerrilla warfare|guerrilla war]] against the Japanese and were to a degree supported by the Americans in 1945 via the [[Office of Strategic Services]].<ref>((Cite web |date=2020-07-15 |title=The OSS in Vietnam, 1945: A War of Missed Opportunities by Dixee Bartholomew-Feis |url=https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/oss-vietnam-1945-dixee-bartholomew-feis |access-date=2024-05-09 |website=The National WWII Museum ((!)) New Orleans |language=en))</ref>

On August 22, 1945, the OSS agent [[Archimedes Patti]], who had met [[Ho Chi Minh]] in southern China, arrived in Hanoi on a mercy mission to liberate allied POWs and was accompanied by [[Jean Sainteny]] a French government official.<ref>Interview with Carleton Swift, 1981, http://openvault.wgbh.org/catalog/vietnam-9dc948-interview-with-carleton-swift</ref> The Japanese forces informally [[Surrender of Japan|surrender]]ed (the official surrender took place on September 2, 1945 in Tokyo Bay) but the only force capable of maintaining law and order was the [[Imperial Japanese Army]], and so remained in power and kept French colonial troops detained.<ref>Stuart-Fox, Martin. A History of Laos. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997, http://www.taiwandocuments.org/japansurrender.htm</ref>

Japanese forces allowed the Việt Minh and other nationalist groups to take over public buildings and weapons without resistance, which began the [[August Revolution]]. On the morning of August 26, 1945, at No. 48 Hàng Ngang, [[Hà Nội]], Chairman Hồ Chí Minh presided over a meeting of the [[Communist Party of Vietnam]], which he had called. The meeting unanimously decided to prepare to proclaim independence and to organize a large meeting in Hà Nội for the [[Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam|Provisional Revolutionary Government]] to present itself to the people. That was also the day that Vietnam officially promulgated the right of freedom and established a democratic republic system.

On August 30, 1945, Hồ Chí Minh invited several people to contribute their ideas toward his Declaration of Independence, including a number of American OSS officers. OSS officers met repeatedly with him and other Viet Minh officers during late August, and Patti claimed to have listened to Ho read to him a draft of the Declaration, which he believed sounded very similar to the [[United States Declaration of Independence]].<ref>Interview with Archimedes L. A. Patti, 1981, http://openvault.wgbh.org/catalog/vietnam-bf3262-interview-with-archimedes-l-a-patti-1981</ref>

On September 2, 1945, Hồ Chí Minh read the Declaration during a public meeting in front of thousands of people at what is now [[Ba Đình Square]] and announced the birth of the [[Democratic Republic of Vietnam]] and the country's independence and becoming a republic.

==Original==
((Copy to Wikisource|date=September 2012))

((quote|Compatriots of the entire nation assembled:

''[[All men are created equal|All people are created equal]]; they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights; among these are [[Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness]]''.

This immortal statement was made in the [[United States Declaration of Independence|Declaration of Independence]] of the [[United States|United States of America]] in 1776. In a broader sense, this means: All the peoples on the earth are equal from birth, all the peoples have a right to live, to be happy and free.
 
The [[Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen]] of the [[French Revolution]] made in 1791 also states: ''All men are born free and with equal rights, and must always remain free and have equal rights''.

Those are undeniable truths. 

Nevertheless, for more than eighty years, the [[French Indochina|French colonists]], in the name of [[Liberté, égalité, fraternité|Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity]], have violated our Fatherland and oppressed our fellow citizens. They have acted contrary to the ideals of humanity and justice.

In the field of politics, they have deprived our people of every democratic liberty.

They have enforced inhuman laws; they have set up three distinct political regimes in the North, Central, and South of Vietnam in order to destroy our national unity and prevent our people from being united.

They have built more prisons than schools. They have mercilessly slaughtered our patriots; they have drowned our uprisings in bloodbaths. 

They have fettered public opinion; they have practiced obscurantism against our people. 

To weaken our race they have forced us to use [[opium]] and [[alcohol (drug)|alcohol]].

In the field of economics, they have fleeced us to the backbone, impoverished our people and devastated our land. 

They have robbed us of our [[rice field]]s, our [[Mining|mines]], our [[forest]]s, and our [[raw material]]s. They have monopolized the issuing of [[bank note]]s and the [[export trade]]. 

They have invented numerous unjustifiable [[tax]]es and reduced our people, especially our peasantry, to a state of [[extreme poverty]].

They have hampered the prospering of our national [[bourgeoisie]]; they have mercilessly exploited our [[Proletariat|worker]]s. 

In the autumn of 1940, when the Japanese [[fascist]]s violated [[Indochina]]'s territory to establish new bases in their fight against the [[Allies of World War II|Allies]], the French imperialists went down on their bended knees and handed over our country to them. Thus, from that date, our people were subjected to the double yoke of the French and the Japanese. Their sufferings and miseries increased. The result was that, from the end of last year to the beginning of this year, from [[Quảng Trị province]] to [[Tonkin|northern Vietnam]], more than two million of our fellow citizens died from [[Vietnamese famine of 1945|starvation]].

On March 9 [1945], the French troops were disarmed by the Japanese. The French colonialists either fled or surrendered, showing that not only were they incapable of "protecting" us, but that, in the span of five years, they had twice sold our country to the Japanese.

On several occasions before March 9, the [[Viet Minh|Việt Minh League]] urged the French to ally themselves with it against the Japanese. Instead of agreeing to this proposal, the French colonialists so intensified their terrorist activities against the Việt Minh members that before fleeing they massacred a great number of our political prisoners detained at [[Yên Bái]] and [[Cao Bằng]].

Not with standing all this, our fellow citizens have always manifested toward the French a tolerant and humane attitude. Even after the Japanese Putsch of March 1945, the Việt Minh League helped many Frenchmen to cross the frontier, rescued some of them from Japanese jails, and protected French lives and property.

From the autumn of 1940, our country had in fact ceased to be a French colony and had become a Japanese possession. After the Japanese had surrendered to the Allies, our whole people rose to regain our national sovereignty and to found the Democratic Republic of Vietnam.

The truth is that we have wrested our independence from the Japanese and not from the French.

The French have fled, the Japanese have capitulated, Emperor [[Bảo Đại]] has [[Abdication of Bảo Đại|abdicated]]. Our people have broken the chains which for nearly a century have fettered them and have won independence for the Fatherland. Our people at the same time have overthrown the monarchic regime that has reigned supreme for dozens of centuries. In its place has been established the present [[Democratic Republic of Vietnam|Democratic Republic]].

For these reasons, we, the members of the Provisional Government, representing the whole Vietnamese people, declare that from now on we break off all relations of a colonial character with France; we repeal all the international obligation that France has so far subscribed to on behalf of Viet-Nam, and we abolish all the special rights the French have unlawfully acquired in our Fatherland.

The whole Vietnamese people, animated by a common purpose, are determined to fight to the bitter end against any attempt by the French colonialists to reconquer the country.

We are convinced that the Allied nations, which at [[Tehran Conference|Tehran]] and [[United Nations Conference on International Organization|San Francisco]] have acknowledged the principles of self-determination and equality of nations, will not refuse to acknowledge the independence of Vietnam.

A people who have courageously opposed French domination for more than eighty years, a people who have fought side by side with the Allies against the fascists during these last years, such a people must be free and independent!

For these reasons, we, the members of the Provisional Government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, solemnly declare to the world that:

''Vietnam has the right to be a free and independent country—and in fact it is so already. And thus the entire Vietnamese people are determined to mobilize all their physical and mental strength, to sacrifice their lives and property in order to safeguard their independence and liberty.''
|sign=Signatories: Hồ-chí-Minh, president, Trần-huy-Liệu, Võ-nguyên-Giáp, Chu-văn-Tấn, Dương-đức-Hiền, Nguyễn-văn-Tố, Nguyễn-mạnh-Hà, Cù-huy-Cận, Phạm-ngọc-Thạch, Nguyễn-văn-Xuân, Vũ-trọng-Khánh, Phạm-văn-Đồng, Đào-trọng-Kim, Vũ-đình-Hòe, Lê-văn-Hiến.
|source=))

==References==
((reflist))

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20130922173616/http://www.chinhphu.vn/portal/page/portal/English/TheSocialistRepublicOfVietnam/AboutVietnam/AboutVietnamDetail?categoryId=10000103&articleId=10002648 Recording of original proclamation ((in lang|vi)) and full text ((in lang|en))] – Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (archived 22 September 2013)

((Vietnamese independence movement))
((Vietnamese declarations of independence))
((Ho Chi Minh Thought))
((Authority control))
((DEFAULTSORT:Declaration Of Independence Of The Democratic Republic Of Vietnam))
[[Category:Declarations of independence of Vietnam]]
[[Category:Vietnamese independence movement]]
[[Category:1945 in Vietnam]]
[[Category:1945 in French Indochina]]
[[Category:1945 in international relations]]
[[Category:1945 in law]]
[[Category:Aftermath of World War II in Vietnam]]
[[Category:Ho Chi Minh]]
[[Category:Proclamations]]
[[Category:1945 in the French colonial empire]]
[[Category:September 1945 events in Asia]]
[[Category:1945 documents]]

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