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((Short description|Political party in Turkey))
((Multiple issues|
((Expand Turkish|Demokratik Sol Parti|date=October 2017))
((More citations needed|date=July 2016))
))
((Use dmy dates|date=June 2023))

((Infobox political party
| country          = Turkey
| native_name      = Demokratik Sol Parti
| name             = Democratic Left Party
| logo             = Demokratik Sol Parti (logo).png
| logo_size        = 120px
| colorcode        = ((party color|Democratic Left Party (Turkey)))
| founders         = [[Rahşan Ecevit]]
| leader           = ((ill|Önder Aksakal|tr))
| foundation       = 14 November 1985
| split            = [[Republican People's Party]]
| ideology         = ((nowrap|[[Ecevitism]]<br />[[Kemalism]]<ref name="Nordsieck"/><br />[[Social democracy]]<ref name="Nordsieck">((cite web|url=http://www.parties-and-elections.de/turkey.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100429101001/http://www.parties-and-elections.de/turkey.html|archive-date=29 April 2010|url-status=dead|title=Turkey|website=Parties and Elections in Europe|last=Nordsieck|first=Wolfram|year=2009|access-date=19 April 2019))</ref><br />[[Turkish nationalism]]<ref>((cite tweet|user=siyasiposting|number=1244927779138875392|title=Bülent Ecevit’in milliyetçilik üzerine sözleri|language=tr))</ref><br />[[Left-wing nationalism]]<ref>((cite web | url=https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/politika/dsp-genel-baskani-aksakal-dsp-sol-kavramini-turkiyede-millilestiren-tek-partidir/1650538 | title='DSP, sol kavramını Türkiye'de millileştiren tek partidir' ))</ref>))
| membership       = ((decrease)) 25,570<ref>((cite web|title=Demokratik Sol Parti|url=https://www.yargitaycb.gov.tr/icerik/1115|publisher=[[Court of Cassation (Turkey)|Court of Cassation]]|access-date=11 February 2024|language=tr))</ref>
| membership_year  = 2024
| national         = [[People's Alliance (Turkey)|People's Alliance]]
| position         = [[Centre-left]]
| colours          = White and light blue
| headquarters     = Mareşal Fevzi Çakmak Cad.17, Beşevler - Ankara, Turkey
| seats1_title     = [[Grand National Assembly of Turkey|Grand National Assembly]]
| seats1           = ((Composition bar|1|600|((party color|Democratic Left Party (Turkey)))))
| seats2_title     = [[List of municipalities in Turkey|District municipalities]]
| seats2           = ((Composition bar|1|922|((party color|Democratic Left Party (Turkey)))))
| seats3_title     = [[Belde|Belde Municipalities]]
| seats3           = ((Composition bar|1|388|((party color|Democratic Left Party (Turkey)))))
| seats6_title     = [[2014 Turkish local elections|Municipal Assemblies]]
| seats6           = ((Composition bar|28|20952|((party color|Democratic Left Party (Turkey)))))
| website          = https://www.dsp.org.tr/
))
The '''Democratic Left Party''' (((lang-tr|Demokratik Sol Parti)), abbreviated DSP) is a Turkish [[List of political parties in Turkey|political party]], founded on 14 November 1985 by [[Rahşan Ecevit]].

==History==

===1985&ndash;1999===
The DSP, a social-democratic oriented party, was registered on 14 November 1985 by [[Rahşan Ecevit]], wife of [[Bülent Ecevit]], as he was banned from political life after the [[1980 Turkish coup d'état|1980 coup d'état]].<ref name=":0">((Cite journal |last=Çelebi̇ |first=Onur |date=February 2021 |title=Siyasi Yasakların Sonu: 6 Eylül 1987 Referandumunda Erdal İnönü ve Bülent Ecevit'in Faaliyetleri |url=http://www.historystudies.net/dergi//siyasi-yasaklarin-sonu-6-eylul-1987-referandumunda-erdal-inonu-ve-bulent-ecevitin-faaliyetleri20210160c59df.pdf |journal=History Studies: International Journal of History |language=en |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=301–322 |doi=10.9737/hist.2021.989 |s2cid=241767285 |issn=1309-4688))</ref>

In 1986, Bülent Ecevit addressed the DSP convention in [[Ankara]], declaring his support for the party. The address landed him in court for allegedly violating the political bans. The DSP was unable, however, to achieve a substantial showing in the [[1986 Turkish parliamentary by-elections]] even though Ecevit, despite his ban, continued to campaign at the party's rallies as a "guest speaker".<ref name=":0" />

The political ban on Ecevit was lifted following a referendum in [[1987 Turkish constitutional referendum|1987]].<ref name=":0" /> Later that year, Rahşan Ecevit handed over the rule of the party to her spouse. But the party failed to pass the 10% national threshold needed for a political party to have a seat in [[Turkish Grand National Assembly|Parliament]] in the 1987 elections, prompting the Ecevits to step down from their positions in the party.

In 1988, Necdet Karababa was elected as the new party leader. However, the next year, Ecevit was reelected as party chairman in the party convention. Two years later in 1991, the DSP received 10.75% of the votes in the elections allowing the party to have seven seats in the Parliament. This also meant the return of Ecevit to the Parliament after 11 years.

It was a minor party until it won 76 parliamentary seats in the December 1995 elections. Again in 1995, the party started to suffer from inner conflicts after years of serenity. The inner conflicts in the party ended with the dismissal of Erdal Kesebir, MP for Edirne and three other DSP members.

In 1997, the DSP became a partner of [[55th government of Turkey|a three-way coalition government]] led by [[Mesut Yılmaz]] who at the time was the leader of the [[Motherland Party (Turkey)|Motherland Party]] (Turkish: Anavatan Partisi). Ecevit became the deputy prime minister.

In 1998, the 55th government of Turkey was toppled by a [[censure]] motion. Ecevit received the mandate to form a new government. He founded [[56th government of Turkey|a minority government of DSP]] in 1999 to carry the country to general elections.

=== 1999&ndash;2002 ===
Boosted by the capture of the leader of the PKK, [[Abdullah Öcalan]], during his premiership, Ecevit and the DSP won 22,19% of the votes in the [[1999 Turkish local elections|elections of April 1999]] and took 136 of the 550 seats in the Turkish Parliament becoming the leading party in [[57th government of Turkey|a coalition with ANAP and MHP]].<ref>((Cite web |last=Şafak |first=Yeni |date=2023-07-03 |title=Türkiye uçurumda: 1999 genel seçimi |url=https://www.yenisafak.com/secim-1999 |access-date=2023-03-07 |website=Yeni Şafak |language=tr-TR))</ref> Its leader Bülent Ecevit became the [[Prime Minister of Turkey]] for the fifth time.

This government passed many important laws, including banking reform, [[unemployment insurance]], a law to ensure the autonomy of the [[Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey|Central Bank]], qualified industrial zones, tender law, employment incentive law, to name a few. The government also changed 34 articles of the Constitution to widen fundamental rights and freedoms, and did this with the approval of all the parties in parliament. Turkey became a candidate country to the [[European Union]] (without any political preconditions and with equal treatment as all other candidate countries). Three major EU harmonisation packages were passed during this government, including the most comprehensive package of 3 August 2002, which included the removal of the [[Capital punishment in Turkey|death penalty]] and many changes in fundamental rights and freedoms. An economic crisis which resulted from long overdue problems from previous governments caused a drop in the currency in February 2001. But two months later, the government passed a series of very comprehensive economic reforms which included changes to the tender law, economic social council law, unemployment insurance, the restructuring of state banks, accreditation law, law on capital markets, and a law on industrial zones which enabled the high growth of 2002–2007.<ref>((Cite news|date=9 January 2004|title=Turkey agrees death penalty ban|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3384667.stm))</ref>

The party staunchly opposed the [[Iraq War|invasion of Iraq by the US]]. Ecevit himself was a vocal critic of the invasion, arguing that it would destabilize the region and cause harm to innocent civilians.<ref>((Cite news |last=Vick |first=Karl |date=8 September 2002 |title=Turks Would Be Reluctant Ally Against Iraq |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2002/09/08/turks-would-be-reluctant-ally-against-iraq/25bce378-8937-4b02-be67-2520d173ba2f/))</ref> Ecevit said he favors lifting some economic sanctions against Iraq, the first such statement by a Turkish leader since the sanctions were imposed following [[Iraqi invasion of Kuwait]] in 1990.<ref>((Cite news |last=Smith |first=R. Jeffrey |date=15 January 1999 |title=Turkish Premier Criticizes U.S. Iraq Policy |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1999/01/15/turkish-premier-criticizes-us-iraq-policy/2b7c42dc-0c58-4421-96e8-7782570877ff/))</ref>

The DSP was weakened by internal divisions in 2001, when Deputy Prime Minister [[Hüsamettin Özkan]] and several other leading DSP politicians and MPs founded the [[New Turkey Party (2002)|New Turkey Party]]. The year after, its government coalition partner MHP called for early elections, which were held [[2002 Turkish general election|on 3 November 2002]]. None of the three coalition parties were able to pass the 10% national threshold in those elections.

=== 2002&ndash;present ===
Before the 6th Party Congress on 25 July 2004, Bülent Ecevit announced that he would step down as party leader and leave active politics. During the congress, [[Zeki Sezer]], deputy chairman since 2001, was elected as the new chairman of the party.

DSP entered the [[2007 Turkish general election|2007 elections]] together with the [[Republican People's Party]] (Turkish: Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi, CHP). The DSP-CHP alliance won 20.85% of the votes, with the DSP getting 13 seats in Parliament.

In 2008,  together with many other politicians joining the DSP before the local elections of 2009, [[Mustafa Sarıgül]], the Mayor of the [[Istanbul]] district of [[Şişli]] officially joined the party.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/mustafa-sarigul-resmen-dspde-10432081|title=Mustafa Sarıgül, resmen DSP'de|website=www.hurriyet.com.tr))</ref>

DSP got only 2.75% of votes in the local elections of 2009. Zeki Sezer resigned and Masum Türker succeeded him. After Türker's succession, both Mustafa Sarıgül, the deputy of Şişli, and [[Rahşan Ecevit]], the widow of [[Bülent Ecevit]], resigned from the party and created short lived [[Democratic Left People's Party]].<ref>((Cite web|url=http://www.cnnturk.com/2009/turkiye/11/23/dshp.kuruldu.genel.baskan.hulki.cevizoglu/552828.0/index.html|title = DSHP kuruldu, genel başkan Hulki Cevizoğlu))</ref> Democratic Left People's Party dissolved itself after six months. After 2011 general elections, DSP received a major decline in Turkish politics, getting less than 0.25% votes in subsequent elections in 2011 and 2015. In 2015, Önder Aksakal succeeded Türker as party leader.<ref>((cite web |title=Önder AKSAKAL |url=https://www.dsp.org.tr/staff-members/mehmet-onder-aksakal/ |website=DSP - Demokratik Sol Parti Resmi Web Sitesi |access-date=9 October 2019 |language=tr-TR |archive-date=9 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191009194002/https://www.dsp.org.tr/staff-members/mehmet-onder-aksakal/ |url-status=dead ))</ref> The party lost eligibility to contest in 2018 elections, and they supported [[Nation Alliance (Turkey)|Nation Alliance]].<ref>((Cite web|date=2018-05-18|title=DSP'den Millet İttifakı'na destek|url=https://www.yenicaggazetesi.com.tr/dspden-millet-ittifakina-destek-192747h.htm|access-date=2020-11-28|website=Yeni Çağ Gazetesi|language=tr))</ref>

==== 2023 general election ====
In February 2023, [[Muharrem İnce]], the leader of the [[Homeland Party (Turkey, 2021)|Homeland Party]] announced that his party is discussing an [[electoral alliance]] with the Democratic Left Party, the [[Victory Party (Turkey)|Victory Party]], [[True Party (Turkey)|True Party]] and the [[Justice Party (Turkey, 2015)|Justice Party]] for the [[2023 Turkish general election]].<ref>((cite web | url=https://www.muhalif.com.tr/amp/memleket-partisi-demokratik-sol-parti-zafer-partisi-adalet-partisi-ve-dogru-partiden-4-ittifak-geliyor-108335 | title=Memleket Partisi, Demokratik Sol Parti, Zafer Partisi, Adalet Partisi ve Doğru Parti'den 4. Ittifak geliyor ))</ref> On 8 March 2023, the party announced that it will not support the candidacy of CHP's [[Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu]] for the [[2023 Turkish presidential election]].<ref>((cite web | url=https://www.yenisafak.com/gundem/dspden-altili-masaya-rest-ulkenin-bekasini-sikintiya-sokacak-girisimlere-dahil-olmayiz-4513890 | title=DSP'den Altılı Masa'ya rest: Ülkenin bekasını sıkıntıya sokacak girişimlere dahil olmayız ))</ref> Furthermore, on 9 March 2023, a pro-Erdoğan journalist, [[Mahmut Övür]] claimed that DSP will join the [[People's Alliance (Turkey)|People's Alliance]].<ref>((Cite web |last= |first= |date=2023-09-03 |title=Sabah yazarı duyurdu: Cumhur İttifakı'na iki sürpriz parti katılıyor |url=https://www.gazeteduvar.com.tr/sabah-yazari-duyurdu-cumhur-ittifakina-iki-surpriz-parti-katiliyor-galeri-1607359 |access-date=2023-03-09 |website=Gazete DuvaR |language=tr-TR))</ref><ref>((Cite web |title=Cumhur İttifakı'na iki parti daha katılıyor iddiası |url=https://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/turkiye/cumhur-ittifakina-iki-parti-daha-katiliyor-iddiasi-2059221 |access-date=2023-03-09 |website=Cumhuriyet |language=tr))</ref>

On 7 April 2023, DSP decided to support Erdoğan in the 2023 presidential elections and run under the AKP lists in the parliamentary elections.<ref>((Cite web |date=2023-04-07 |title=Son dakika... DSP'den 'Cumhur İttifakı' kararı |url=https://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/siyaset/son-dakika-dspden-cumhur-ittifaki-karari-2069189 |access-date=2023-04-07 |website=www.cumhuriyet.com.tr |language=tr))</ref> The decision to support Erdoğan caused 74 former DSP ministers and deputies to split from DSP and support Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://t24.com.tr/video/binali-yildirim-ziyaret-etti-dsp-li-74-bakan-ve-milletvekili-kilicdaroglu-na-destegini-acikladi,53299|title=Binali Yıldırım DSP'yi ziyaret etti, DSP'li 74 bakan ve milletvekili Kılıçdaroğlu'na desteğini açıkladı|website=T24))</ref>

==Leaders==
* [[Rahşan Ecevit]] (1985–1987)
* [[Bülent Ecevit]] (1987–1988)
* [[Necdet Karababa]] (1988–1989)
* [[Bülent Ecevit]] (1989–2004)
* [[Zeki Sezer]] (2004–2009)
* [[Masum Türker]] (2009–2015)
* ((ill|Önder Aksakal|tr)) (2015–)

Rahşan Ecevit and Bülent Ecevit were ''honorary'' presidents of DSP.

==Notable members==
Notable members and former members include:
* [[Rahşan Ecevit]], Founder and Former Party Leader
* [[Bülent Ecevit]], Party Leader and Prime Minister of Turkey
* [[Necdet Karababa]], Former Party Leader
* [[Zeki Sezer]], Former Party Leader
* [[Masum Türker]], Former Party Leader
* [[Yılmaz Büyükerşen]], Mayor of the City of [[Eskişehir]]
* [[Mustafa Sarıgül]], Mayor of the [[Istanbul]] district of [[Şişli]]
* [[Seyit Torun]], Mayor of the city of [[Ordu]]
* ((ill|Saffet Başaran|tr)), interim Party Leader

==Political views==
The term ''Demokratik Sol'' (Democratic Left) was created by Bülent Ecevit in his late CHP period with the [[Left of Center (Turkey)|left of center]] movement, as a mix of [[social democracy]], [[social liberalism]], [[democratic socialism]], [[secularism]] and [[Kemalism]]. With this term, the party established a link between universal values of the left and national-cultural heritage which makes the ideology "domestic". In other words, contemporary social democracy is made compatible with the conditions of Turkey. With Democratic Left, Ecevit made up a new synthesis by articulating new dimensions such as democratic socialism and social democracy to the national independence movement or Kemalism. The symbol of the white dove (''Ak Güvercin'') was selected to symbolize the [[pacifism]] and social accordance.

Under Ecevit, DSP approved of the Turkish adhesion to the [[European Union]], although it criticized the content of the [[European Union Customs Union]].<ref>((Cite web |last= |date=2001-08-16 |title=DSP'de Gümrük Birliği rahatsızlığı |url=https://bigpara.hurriyet.com.tr/haberler/genel-haberler/dsp-de-gumruk-birligi-rahatsizligi_ID374999/ |access-date=2023-03-07 |website=Hürriyet |language=tr))</ref> During the premiership of Ecevit in 1999, Turkey became a candidate for the EU.<ref>((Cite web |date=11 December 1999 |title=Statement of Prime Minister Bülent Ecevit In Helsinki On Turkey´s Candidacy To The EU |url=https://www.mfa.gov.tr/statement-of-prime-minister-bulent-ecevit-in-helsinki-on-turkey_s-candidacy-to-the-eu_br_december-11_-1999-.en.mfa |access-date=8 April 2023 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Türkiye))</ref> However, under its current leader Önder Aksakal, it has started to take a more critical approach towards the EU.<ref>((Cite web |date=17 November 2022 |title="Demokratik Sol Parti olarak bu konuda çok net ve açığız." |url=https://www.dsp.org.tr/demokratik-sol-parti-olarak-bu-konuda-cok-net-ve-acigiz/ |access-date=22 May 2023 |website=Democratic Left Party))</ref>

DSP is against the idea of a united [[Cyprus]] state.

==Election results==
((see also|Elections in Turkey))

===General Elections===
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! scope="col" | Election
! scope="col" | Share
! scope="col" | Seats
! scope="col" | Leader
|-
| [[1986 Turkish parliamentary by-elections|1986]]((cref|A)) || 8.5% || ((Percentage bar|0|0 / 11|hex=00A6EF))
|rowspan="1"| Rahşan Ecevit
|-
| [[1987 Turkish general election|1987]] || 8.53% || ((Percentage bar|0|0 / 450|hex=00A6EF))
|rowspan="5"| Bülent Ecevit
|-
| [[1991 Turkish general election|1991]] || 10.8% || ((Percentage bar|1.55|7 / 450|hex=00A6EF))
|-
| [[1995 Turkish general election|1995]] || 14.64% || ((Percentage bar|13.81|76 / 550|hex=00A6EF))
|-
| [[1999 Turkish general election|1999]] || 22.19% || ((Percentage bar|24.72|136 / 550|hex=00A6EF))
|-
| [[2002 Turkish general election|2002]] || 1.22% || ((Percentage bar|0|0 / 550|hex=00A6EF))
|-
| [[2007 Turkish general election|2007]] || 20.85%((cref|B)) || ((Percentage bar|2.36|13 / 550|hex=00A6EF))
| Zeki Sezer
|-
| [[2011 Turkish general election|2011]] || 0.25% ||rowspan="3"| ((Percentage bar|0|0 / 550|hex=00A6EF))
|rowspan="3"| Masum Türker
|-
| [[June 2015 Turkish general election|2015 Jun]] || 0.19% 
|-
| [[November 2015 Turkish general election|2015 Nov]] || 0.07% 
|-
| [[2018 Turkish general election|2018]] ||colspan="3"| ''Not eligible to contest''
|-
|[[2023 Turkish parliamentary election|2023]]
|0.61%((cref|C))
|((Percentage bar|1|1 / 600|hex=00A6EF))
|Önder Aksakal
|}
((cnote|A|By-elections))
((cnote|B|DSP formed an alliance with [[Republican People's Party|CHP]] in 2007 and the alliance got 20.85% of total vote.))
((cnote|B|DSP ran in the 2023 parliamentary election on [[Justice and Development Party (Turkey)|AKP]]'s list and won 1 seat))

=== Local Elections ===
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! scope="col" | Election
! scope="col" | Share
! scope="col" | Municipalities
! scope="col" | Leader
|-
| [[1989 Turkish local elections|1989]] || 9.09% || 37 municipalities ||rowspan="4"| Bülent Ecevit
|-
| [[1994 Turkish local elections|1994]] || 8.93% || 23 municipalities
|-
| [[1999 Turkish local elections|1999]] || 19.28% || 189 municipalities
|-
| [[2004 Turkish local elections|2004]] || 2.18% || 32 municipalities
|-
| [[2009 Turkish local elections|2009]] || 2.75% || 12 municipalities || Zeki Sezer
|-
| [[2014 Turkish local elections|2014]] || 0.33% || 5 municipalities || Masum Türker
|-
| [[2019 Turkish local elections|2019]] || 0.98% || 3 municipalities || Önder Aksakal
|}

==See also==
* [[2015 Democratic Left Party Extraordinary Convention]]

==References==

((Reflist))

==External links==
*[http://www.dsp.org.tr/ Official website] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160319181137/http://dsp.org.tr/ |date=2016-03-19 ))
((DSP Leaders))
((Political parties of Turkey))
((Authority control))

[[Category:Democratic Left Party (Turkey)| ]]
[[Category:Nationalist parties in Turkey]]
[[Category:Political parties in Turkey]]
[[Category:Secularism in Turkey]]
[[Category:Social democratic parties]]
[[Category:1985 establishments in Turkey]]
[[Category:Turkish nationalism]]

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Return to Democratic Left Party (Turkey).

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Left_Party_(Turkey)"