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((refimprove|date=April 2017))
((Infobox royalty
| name        = Henry II
| title       = [[List of rulers of Bavaria|Duke of Bavaria]] 
| image       = Henry II of Bavaria2.jpg
| caption     = Henry II of Bavaria, [[Niedermünster, Regensburg|Niedermünster Abbey]] Book of Rules, ((circa|990))
| house       = [[Ottonian dynasty|Ottonian]]
| house-type  = Dynasty
| spouse      = [[Gisela of Burgundy]]
| issue       = [[Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor]]<br/>[[Gisela of Hungary]]<br/>[[Bruno of Augsburg]]
| father      = [[Henry I, Duke of Bavaria]]
| mother      = [[Judith, Duchess of Bavaria]]
| birth_date  = 951
| birth_place = 
| death_date  = 28 August 995
| death_place = [[Gandersheim Abbey]]
))
'''Henry II''' (951 &ndash; 28 August 995), called '''the Wrangler''' or '''the Quarrelsome''' (((lang-de|Heinrich der Zänker))), a member of the [[Kingdom of Germany|German]] royal [[Ottonian dynasty]], was [[List of rulers of Bavaria|Duke of Bavaria]] from 955 to 976 and again from 985 to 995, as well as [[Duchy of Carinthia|Duke of Carinthia]] from 989 to 995.

==Life==
He was the son of Duke [[Henry I, Duke of Bavaria|Henry I of Bavaria]],<ref>[https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095931125;jsessionid=AF55552400B161626C83F7ADC91800ED "Henry II (‘the Quarrelsome’), duke of Bavaria", ''The Oxford Dictionary of the Middle Ages'', (Robert E. Bjork, ed.) 2010, Oxford University Press] ((ISBN|9780198662624))</ref> (who in turn was the younger brother of King [[Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto I of Germany]] (Emperor from 962)), and the elder Henry's wife [[Judith, Duchess of Bavaria|Judith]]. Henry succeeded his father at the age of four, under the guardianship of his mother. His sister Hadwig was married to Duke [[Burchard III, Duke of Swabia|Burchard III of Swabia]] in 954. In 972 Henry married Princess [[Gisela of Burgundy]],<ref>''Burgundy and Provence, 879-1032'', Constance Brittain Bourchard, ''The New Cambridge Medieval History: Volume 3, C.900-c.1024'', ed. [[Rosamond McKitterick]] and Timothy Reuter, (Cambridge University Press, 1999), 342.</ref> herself a niece of Empress [[Adelaide of Italy|Adelaide]].   
[[File:Henry II, Duke of Bavaria.jpg|thumb|left|Duke Henry in the pedigree of the Ottonian dynasty, ''[[Chronica sancti Pantaleonis]]'', Cologne, 13th century]]
Upon Emperor Otto's death in 973, Henry could rely on his ties to the South German duchies of [[Duchy of Swabia|Swabia]] and [[Duchy of Bavaria|Bavaria]] as well as to the adjacent [[Kingdom of Burgundy-Arles|Kingdom of Burgundy]]. He installed his cousin [[Henry I (bishop of Augsburg)|Henry]] as [[Prince-Bishopric of Augsburg|Bishop of Augsburg]], denying the [[investiture]] rights of Emperor Otto's son and successor [[Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto II]]. Henry's actions in naming a bishop in a duchy not his own and without Imperial direction brought him into conflict with both Otto II and Burchard III. Not desiring civil war, Otto II, on 22 September 973, invested Henry's nominee as bishop. When his brother-in-law Duke Burchard III died without heirs, he raised claims to his Swabian duchy. However, Otto II [[Feoffment|enfeoffed]] his own nephew [[Otto I, Duke of Swabia and Bavaria|Otto of Swabia]] against the tenacious opposition of Burchard's widow Hadwig.

In 974 Duke Henry resolved to oust Otto II from the throne. With support of his sister Hadwig, he forged alliances with Bavarian and [[Duchy of Saxony|Saxon]] nobles, and also with Duke [[Boleslaus II, Duke of Bohemia|Boleslaus II of Bohemia]] and Duke [[Mieszko I of Poland]]. Otto II was able to take Henry captive in [[Ingelheim]] - though he also had to deal with rebellious nobles in the [[County of Hainaut]] and the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cambrai|Bishopric of Cambrai]] as well as with the raids of the Danish king [[Harald Bluetooth]] in [[Holstein]].

In 976 Henry managed to escape and instigated a revolt in Bavaria, but was defeated when Otto II occupied [[Regensburg]] and stripped Henry of his duchy. He severed the [[Duchy of Carinthia]] and the [[Margraviate of Austria]] from the Bavarian lands and enfeoffed them to his supporters [[Henry III, Duke of Bavaria|Henry the Younger]] (who changed sides shortly afterwards) and [[Leopold I, Margrave of Austria|Leopold of Babenberg]]. The smaller Bavarian duchy was ceded to Henry's rival Duke Otto of Swabia. Following the [[War of the Three Henries (977-978)|War of the Three Henries]] in 977/78, the deposed duke was placed under the custody of Bishop [[Folcmar (bishop)|Folcmar of Utrecht]].

When in 983 Otto II suddenly died from [[malaria]] in [[Rome]], Henry was released from captivity. He once again tried to usurp the German throne, when he abducted the infant [[Otto III]] and, according to the medieval chronicler [[Thietmar of Merseburg]], had himself proclaimed [[King of the Romans]] at the graves of Emperor Otto I and King [[Henry the Fowler]] in [[Magdeburg]] and [[Quedlinburg]]. However, it turned out that he had lost the support of the German dukes and also was not able to oust Duke Henry the Younger from Bavaria.

Through the agency of Archbishop [[Willigis|Willigis of Mainz]], Henry in 985 finally submitted to Empress [[Theophanu]] and her mother-in-law Adelaide at an ''[[Hoftag]]'' assembly in [[Rohr, Thuringia|Rohr]]. Although he failed in his attempt to gain control of Germany, he did regain Bavaria and in 989 also received the Carinthian duchy.

==Marriage and children==
Henry and his wife [[Gisela of Burgundy]]<ref name="Previté-Orton433">C. W. Previté-Orton, ''Cambridge Medieval History, Shorter: Volume 1, The Later Roman Empire to the Twelfth Century'', (Cambridge University Press, 1979), 433.</ref> had the following children:
*[[Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry IV of Bavaria]] (973/78&ndash;1024),<ref>''Burgundian Notes'', Reginald L. Poole, ''The English Historical Review'', Vol. 26, No. 102 (Apr., 1911), 314-315.</ref> succeeded his father as [[List of rulers of Bavaria|Duke of Bavaria]] in 995, fulfilled his father's ambitions when he was elected [[King of the Romans]] (as Henry II) in 1002 and crowned [[Holy Roman Emperor]] in 1014
*[[Bruno of Augsburg|Bruno]] (d. 1029), [[Prince-Bishopric of Augsburg|Bishop of Augsburg]] from 1006
*[[Gisela of Hungary|Gisela of Bavaria]] (984/85&ndash;1060), married King [[Stephen I of Hungary]].<ref name="Previté-Orton433" />

==References==
((reflist))

((S-start))
((S-hou|[[Ottonian dynasty]] (Liudolfings) ||951||995))
((S-reg|))
((Succession box| before=[[Henry I, Duke of Bavaria|Henry I]] | title=[[List of rulers of Bavaria|Duke of Bavaria]] | years=955&ndash;976 |after=[[Otto I, Duke of Swabia and Bavaria|Otto I]]))

((S-bef|rows=2|before=[[Henry III, Duke of Bavaria|Henry the Younger]]))
((S-ttl|title=[[Duke of Bavaria]]|years=985–995))
((S-aft|rows=2|after=[[Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry the Saint]]))
|-
((S-ttl|title=[[Duke of Carinthia]]|years=989–995))
((S-end))

((Dukes of Bavaria))
((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Henry 1))
[[Category:951 births]]
[[Category:995 deaths]]
[[Category:10th-century dukes of Bavaria]]
[[Category:Ottonian dynasty]]
[[Category:Medieval child monarchs]]
[[Category:Anti-kings]]

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