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((short description|Academic qualification in Hong Kong))
((Use Hong Kong English|date = November 2023))
((Use dmy dates|date=July 2017))
((More citations needed|date=June 2018))

((Infobox examination
|name=Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education
|image_name=HKDSE logo.svg
|image_alt=
|caption=
|acronym=HKDSE
|type=Paper-based Standardised Exam
|test_admin=[[Hong Kong Examinations and Assessment Authority]]
|skills_tested=
|purpose=Admission to undergraduate programs of universities and colleges
|year_started=((Start date|2012))
|duration=Varies by subject
|score_range=Scored on Levels of 1–5, in one-level increments, then 5* to 5**
|score_validity=
|offered=Annually
|attempt_restriction=
|regions=[[Hong Kong]]
|language=[[English language|English]], [[Traditional Chinese]] (Papers can be written in [[Simplified Chinese]])
|test_takers=((Decrease)) 50,823 (2023)<ref>((cite web
|url=https://www.hkeaa.edu.hk/en/Media/facts/facts.html
|title=Registration Statistics of HKDSE
|publisher=Hong Kong Examinations and Assessment Authority (HKEAA)
|access-date=June 17, 2018
|archive-date=17 June 2018
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617165921/http://www.hkeaa.edu.hk/en/Media/facts/facts.html
|url-status=live
))</ref>
|prerequisite=School candidates: Completion of Secondary School under NSS<br>
Private candidates: None
|fee=Language subjects: [[Hong Kong dollar|HK$]]644<br>Other subjects: HK$431<br>Initial Fee: HK$494<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.hkeaa.edu.hk/DocLibrary/Media/PR/Press_20180504_eng.pdf|title=2019 HKDSE Examination Fee Adjustment|publisher=Hong Kong Examinations and Assessment Authority (HKEAA)|access-date=June 17, 2018|archive-date=17 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617170047/http://www.hkeaa.edu.hk/DocLibrary/Media/PR/Press_20180504_eng.pdf|url-status=live))</ref>
|score_users=Universities, locally through [[JUPAS]], internationally via [[UCAS]] tariff points.
|qualification_rate=
|website=((URL|www.hkeaa.edu.hk/en/hkdse/|hkeaa.edu.hk/en/hkdse/))))
((Infobox Chinese
| j = Hoeng1 gong2 zung1 hok6 man4 pang4
| y = Hēung góng jūng hohk màhn pàhng
| c = 香港中學文憑
| ci = 
| altname = 
))
((Education in Hong Kong))
[[File:Dse exam centre.jpg|thumb|Notice board shown in HKDSE examination centres.]]
[[File:20170408 HKDSE Queen's College.jpg|thumb|Candidates leaving the exam centre at Queen's College after sitting for the HKDSE English Language Paper 3 Listening and Integrated Skills examination.]]

The '''Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education Examination''' ('''HKDSE''') is an examination organised by the [[Hong Kong Examinations and Assessment Authority]] (HKEAA).<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.hkeaa.edu.hk/en/hkdse/introduction/|title=Introduction - HKDSE|website=www.hkeaa.edu.hk|language=en|access-date=2018-06-17|archive-date=17 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617192655/http://www.hkeaa.edu.hk/en/hkdse/introduction/|url-status=live))</ref> The HKDSE examination is Hong Kong's university entrance examination, administered at the completion of a three-year senior secondary education, allowing students to gain admissions to undergraduate courses at local universities through [[JUPAS]]. Since the implementation of the [[334 Scheme|New Senior Secondary]] academic structure in 2012, HKDSE replaced the [[Hong Kong Certificate of Education Examination]] (O Level, equivalent of GCSE) and [[Hong Kong Advanced Level Examination]] (A Level).<ref>((Cite news|url=https://www.scmp.com/article/975298/after-today-hkcee-will-just-be-memory|title=After today, the HKCEE will just be a memory|work=South China Morning Post|access-date=2018-06-17|language=en|archive-date=17 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617193038/http://www.scmp.com/article/975298/after-today-hkcee-will-just-be-memory|url-status=live))</ref>

Under the NSS (New Senior Secondary) academic structure, pupils are required to study four compulsory "Core Subjects" (Chinese Language, English Language, Mathematics, and Liberal Studies) and one to four "Elective Subjects" (the majority with two to three subjects) among the twenty available.<ref>((Cite news|url=https://www.scmp.com/topics/hkdse-hong-kong-diploma-secondary-education|title=HKDSE - Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education|work=South China Morning Post|access-date=2018-06-17|language=en|archive-date=11 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180711134632/https://www.scmp.com/topics/hkdse-hong-kong-diploma-secondary-education|url-status=live))</ref> On 31 March 2021, it was announced that Liberal Studies would be renamed Citizenship and Social Development and have its curriculum revamped starting from the 2024 HKDSE.<ref>((cite news |url=https://amp.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/education/article/3127778/hong-kongs-liberal-studies-expected-be-renamed-citizenship |title=Hong Kong's liberal studies to be renamed 'citizenship and social development' as part of massive overhaul |publisher=[[South China Morning Post]] |date=2021-03-31 |access-date=2021-04-02 |archive-date=3 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220103174706/https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/education/article/3127778/hong-kongs-liberal-studies-expected-be-renamed-citizenship |url-status=live ))</ref>

==Background and administration==
Under the NSS, a number of subjects in the [[HKCEE]] and the [[HKALE]] have been combined to suit the varying interests and talents of students. School pupils study both core (compulsory) subjects and elective subjects. Most candidates in the HKDSE sit all four core subjects plus two or three electives to satisfy local university admission requirements.<ref name=HKEAA>((cite web|url=http://eant01.hkeaa.edu.hk/hkea/topper_dse.asp?p_coverdown=dse_1.html |title=Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education |publisher=Hong Kong Examinations and Assessment Authority |access-date=2007-06-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070623213802/http://eant01.hkeaa.edu.hk/hkea/topper_dse.asp?p_coverdown=dse_1.html |archive-date=2007-06-23 ))</ref>

In many HKDSE subjects, each student studies the Compulsory Part and a module of the student's choice, the Elective Part, which concentrates on a specific topic or skill. While in certain subjects such as Mathematics, students are only required to study the Compulsory Part, while the Elective Modules are voluntary. As such, an Elective Part forms a part of the subject curriculum, whereas an Extended module is designed for students with specific aims or those who have higher abilities who may want additional knowledge and skills. The selection of offerings for both Elective Parts and Modules varies from school to school, for example, some schools offer both M1 (Extended Module 1) and M2 for Mathematics, while others may offer only the Compulsory Part.
* Elective Part Example: English. The Elective Part of the English Language curriculum takes up 25% of total lesson time. The selection of Elective Parts is divided into two areas: "Language Arts" and "Non-Language Arts", each of which teaches English as used in different contexts and through various mediums.<ref name=English>((cite web|url=http://www.edb.gov.hk/FileManager/EN/Content_5999/eng_lang_final.pdf |title=English Language Curriculum and Assessment Guide |work=EMB: Senior Secondary Curriculum and Assessment Guides (Final Version) |publisher=Curriculum Development Council and the Hong Kong Examinations and Assessment Authority |access-date=2007-06-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090306130656/http://www.edb.gov.hk/FileManager/EN/Content_5999/eng_lang_final.pdf |archive-date=2009-03-06 ))</ref> During HKDSE, candidates also have the choice to write either the higher level (B2) or the standard level (B1) part of the paper, in addition to the mandatory Part A. Writing B1 allows the candidate to attain as high as level 4 in that paper, while writing B2 allows a 5**(five-double-star).
* Extended Part Example: Mathematics. Students who wish to study Mathematics to a higher level have the flexibility to choose one of the two Extended Modules: "M1" ''Calculus and Statistics'' or "M2" ''Algebra and Calculus''.<ref name=Maths>((cite web|url=http://www.edb.gov.hk/FileManager/EN/Content_5999/math_final_e.pdf |title=Mathematics Curriculum and Assessment Guide |work=EMB: Senior Secondary Curriculum and Assessment Guides (Final Version) |publisher=Curriculum Development Council and the Hong Kong Examinations and Assessment Authority |access-date=2007-06-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080920230658/http://www.edb.gov.hk/FileManager/EN/Content_5999/math_final_e.pdf |archive-date=2008-09-20 ))</ref> However, the Extended Modules are considered only half a subject by the HKEAA, despite having syllabi amounting to full subjects. As a result, they became not as attractive to students, and there has been a decline in number of pupils studying them.<ref>((cite web|url=https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/news/20170106/00176_043.html|title=側重核心科 近半DSE考生棄科學|publisher=Oriental Daily|language=zh|date=6 January 2017|access-date=9 April 2017|archive-date=8 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170108233737/http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/news/20170106/00176_043.html|url-status=live))</ref><ref>((cite web|language=zh|url=https://www.hk01.com/%E6%B8%AF%E8%81%9E/73429/%E7%84%A1%E8%AE%80%E6%96%B0%E9%AB%98%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%B8%E5%BB%B6%E4%BC%B8%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86-%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%A7%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8%E9%99%A2%E5%85%A9%E6%88%90%E6%96%B0%E7%94%9F%E9%9C%80%E8%A3%9C%E5%BA%95|title=無讀新高中數學延伸部分 中大工程學院兩成新生需補底|publisher=HK01|date=21 February 2017|access-date=9 April 2017))</ref>

Written examinations of Category A (Traditional) subjects are usually conducted between early March through early May. Speaking (Oral) components and examinations for certain Category B (Applied Learning) subjects are administered earlier. Category C (Other Languages) subjects usually take place in June (French and Spanish may be taken in the previous November), in line with CAIE AS-level practice.

Before the exam, candidates have a chance to become familiar with the different level descriptors and samples and may use them as objectives for their study. Also, they can also familiarise with the exam requirement by doing [https://dsenotes.hk DSE Past Paper], which can be found [https://dsenotes.hk here]. When results are released, candidates can have a clearer picture of their attainment level. For each level, there will be a [https://www.notesity.hk/pages/dse-cut-off-score DSE cut off score]. Thus, tertiary institutions and employers also have more accurate and robust information for admission or recruitment purposes.

==Subjects==
HKDSE subjects are offered in three different categories, including 24 in Category A: NSS (Traditional), over 40 in Category B: ApL (Applied Learning) and six in Category C: Other Languages.

===Category A: New Senior Secondary Subjects===
Category A subjects are traditional school subjects. Exams in this category are held directly by HKEAA. Both Core Subjects (Compulsory for University Admission) and Elective Subjects fall under Category A.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.hkeaa.edu.hk/en/HKDSE/assessment/subject_information/category_a_subjects/|title=Category A: Senior Secondary Subjects - HKDSE|website=www.hkeaa.edu.hk|language=en|access-date=2018-06-17|archive-date=17 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617193032/http://www.hkeaa.edu.hk/en/HKDSE/assessment/subject_information/category_a_subjects/|url-status=live))</ref> Results of these subjects are generally accepted for local and international university admission.

For Mathematics, levels of the Extended Modules (M1 and M2) are listed separately on the certificates.

'''Core subjects'''
* [[Chinese Language]]
* [[English Language]]
* [[Mathematics]]
* Before 2024: Liberal Studies (levels are divided into 7 parts, from 1 to 5**)
* Starting from 2024: Citizenship and Social Development (divided only into 2 levels, attained or unattained )

For Mathematics, in addition to the Compulsory Part, candidates may take one of the following Extended Modules:
* Module 1 ("M1", [[Calculus]] and [[Statistics]]).
* Module 2 ("M2", [[Algebra]] and [[Calculus]]).

For Liberal Studies, the subject curriculum features six Modules, including:<ref>((Cite web|url=http://334.edb.hkedcity.net/doc/eng/curriculum/LS%20C&A%20Guide_updated_e.pdf|title=Liberal Studies - Curriculum and Assessment Guide (Secondary 4 - 6)|website=Curriculum Development Council and The Hong Kong Examinations and Assessment Authority|access-date=17 June 2018|archive-date=13 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613071932/http://334.edb.hkedcity.net/doc/eng/curriculum/LS%20C%26A%20Guide_updated_e.pdf|url-status=live))</ref>
* "Personal Development and Interpersonal Relationships."
* "Hong Kong Today."
* "Modern China."
* "Globalization."
* "Public Health."
* "Energy Technology and the Environment."

However, save in very particular cases and as determined by institutions, a pass in an Extended Part of a subject cannot substitute a pass in the Compulsory Part for university admission, especially when applying through JUPAS for [[University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)|UGC]]-funded courses.

'''Electives'''

Students can choose one to four electives among 20 Elective Subjects according to their interests and strengths. However, most schools do not offer a full selection of the 20 subjects in their curriculum due to practical limitations.

According to the Registration Statistics for 2018 released by the HKEAA, the most chosen subject is Physics, with a total of 11,658 candidates. Around 70.4% of students choose a combination two elective subjects, while 17.4% choose three elective subjects.<ref name="stats">((Cite web|url=https://www.hkeaa.edu.hk/DocLibrary/Media/FactFigures/2018HKDSE_registrationstat.pdf|title=HKDSE 2018 - Registration Statistics (as of 15 Dec 2017)|website=HKEAA|access-date=18 June 2018|archive-date=18 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618175336/http://www.hkeaa.edu.hk/DocLibrary/Media/FactFigures/2018HKDSE_registrationstat.pdf|url-status=live))</ref>

((Pie chart|thumb=right|caption=2019 HKDSE subject combinations of school candidates<ref name="stats" /><br><small>(elective subjects include Categories A, B and C subjects)</small>:|other=3|label1=4 core subjects + 1 elective subject|value1=9.0|color1=red|label2=4 core subjects + 2 elective subjects|value2=70.4|color2=blue|label3=4 core subjects + 3 elective subjects|value3=17.4|color3=green|label4=4 core subjects + 4 elective subjects|value4=0.2|color4=black))

((columns-list|
* [[Chinese Literature]]
* [[English literature|English Literature]]
* [[Chinese History]]
* [[Economics]]
* [[Geography]]
* [[History]]
* [[Biology]]
* [[Chemistry]]
* [[Physics]]
* Combined Science (combining two of the three science subjects, Physics, Chemistry and Biology) (withdrawn from 2024)
* Integrated Science (integrating all three science subjects, Physics, Chemistry and Biology) (withdrawn from 2024)
* Tourism and Hospitality Studies
* Business, Accounting and Financial Studies
* [[Design and Technology|Design and Applied Technology]]
* Health Management and Social Care
* Technology and Living (previously known as Home Economics)
* [[Information and Communication Technology (education)|Information and Communication Technology (ICT)]]
* Ethics and [[Religious studies|Religious Studies]]
* [[Music]]
* [[Visual Arts]]
* [[Physical Education]]
))

===Category B: Applied Learning Subjects===
Category B (ApL) subjects are offered by course providers, which are usually Higher Education Institutions. Assessments of these subjects are conducted by the course providers, and the results reported to the HKEAA for adjustment. They are mostly vocational or professional subjects.

Applied Learning Subjects may or may not be considered by tertiary institutions for admission, according to HKEAA, a reported level of "Attained" on the certificate is considered as equivalent to a Grade 2 in a Category A subject, and "Attained with Distinction" to Grade 3 or above. From 2018, "Attained with Distinction" has been further refined to "Attained with Distinction (I)" (equivalent to Grade 3) and "Attained with Distinction (II)" (equivalent to Grade 4 or above). However, the more prestigious universities in Hong Kong usually consider Category B subjects as mere 'Interest Groups' for admission purposes, believing them to be inferior to the traditional academic subjects in Category A.

Areas of study in Category B include:<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.hkeaa.edu.hk/en/HKDSE/assessment/subject_information/category_b_subjects/|title=Category B: Applied Learning Subjects - HKDSE|website=www.hkeaa.edu.hk|language=en|access-date=2018-06-17|archive-date=17 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617215943/http://www.hkeaa.edu.hk/en/HKDSE/assessment/subject_information/category_b_subjects/|url-status=live))</ref>

((columns-list|
* Creative Studies
* Media and Communication
* Business, Management and Law
* Services
* Applied Science
* Engineering and Production
* Applied Learning Chinese (for non-Chinese speaking students)
))

===Category C: Other Language Subjects===
These are language electives. They may be used to replace Chinese Language for university admissions for students whose first language is not Chinese, but it may not be used to replace English. It may also be chosen as an elective for native Chinese speaking students, in which case it will not serve as an alternative language for UG admission. In many cases, in lieu of a Category C subject, an [[IGCSE]] Chinese Language pass (or similar Chinese qualification) can also be accepted for admission to UG programmes for non-Chinese speaking students.

Up to 2024, Category C subjects use the papers of [[Cambridge Assessment International Education|CAIE]] [[GCE Advanced Level (United Kingdom)|GCE AS-level]] language subjects. These are provided and marked by [[Cambridge Assessment International Education]].<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.hkeaa.edu.hk/en/hkdse/assessment/subject_information/category_c_subjects/|title=Category C: Other Language Subjects - HKDSE|website=www.hkeaa.edu.hk|language=en|access-date=2018-06-17|archive-date=17 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617192757/http://www.hkeaa.edu.hk/en/hkdse/assessment/subject_information/category_c_subjects/|url-status=live))</ref> Starting from 2025, Official language examinations taken within 2 years before the HKDSE examination could be reported in the certificate. N3 or above is required for Japanese. Grade 3 or above is required for Korean. A2 or above is required for the remaining language subjects.

((columns-list|
* French
* German
* Japanese
* Spanish
* Hindi (Up to 2024)
* Urdu (Up to 2024)
* Korean (Starting from 2025)
))

Tertiary Institutions are not obliged to recognise results of Category B or C subjects, while Category C subjects are generally accepted due to them being also an AS-Level subject, Category B subjects, especially for the more prestigious institutions, are usually only considered for reference in cases where two potential students are equal in other aspects.

==School-based assessment==
((Main|School-based assessment))
[[school-based assessment|School-based Assessments]] (SBA) are conducted for the majority of subjects for school candidates, which notably includes three of the four core subjects, Chinese Language, English Language and Liberal Studies, with the exception of Mathematics, it reduces reliance on a one-off public examination as students' projects and assignments throughout senior secondary years are graded by their teachers and counted toward the HKDSE results on fixed weightings, after the grades being adjusted by HKEAA.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.hkeaa.edu.hk/en/sba/|title=School-based Assessment (SBA)|website=www.hkeaa.edu.hk|language=en|access-date=2018-06-17|archive-date=17 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617192931/http://www.hkeaa.edu.hk/en/sba/|url-status=live))</ref><ref>((Cite news|url=https://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/families/article/1775437/opinion-hong-kongs-education-bureau-made-right-move-suspending|title=Opinion: Hong Kong's Education Bureau made right move in suspending school-based assessment|work=South China Morning Post|access-date=2018-06-17|language=en|archive-date=17 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617192716/http://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/families/article/1775437/opinion-hong-kongs-education-bureau-made-right-move-suspending|url-status=live))</ref>

==Grading==
For Category A subjects, the performance of candidates is categorised and released on a scale of seven levels indicated on the examination certificate. Level 5** being the highest and level 1 the lowest. Distinction levels 5** and 5* (read as "five-double-stars" and "five-star") are awarded to the two best-performing groups of candidates attaining level 5.<ref name=HKEAA/> Unclassified Level (UNCL) are given in cases of absence, cheating, or an attempt not reaching the standards of level 1.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.hkeaa.edu.hk/DocLibrary/Media/Leaflets/HKDSE_SRR_A4_Booklet_Jun2011.pdf|title=Grading Procedures and Standards-referenced Reporting in the HKDSE Examination|website=HKEAA|access-date=17 June 2018|archive-date=19 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180219135157/http://www.hkeaa.edu.hk/DocLibrary/Media/Leaflets/HKDSE_SRR_A4_Booklet_Jun2011.pdf|url-status=live))</ref>

'''Category A: New Senior Secondary Subjects'''

UCAS tariff points for HKDSE Examination:<ref>((Cite web|url=https://qips.ucas.com/qip/hong-kong-diploma-of-secondary-education-hkdse|title=Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education (HKDSE) ((!)) UCAS Qualification Information Profiles|website=qips.ucas.com|language=en|access-date=2018-06-17|archive-date=17 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617192555/https://qips.ucas.com/qip/hong-kong-diploma-of-secondary-education-hkdse|url-status=live))</ref>
*Level 5** (top 10% of level 5 achievers)=56
*Level 5* (top 30% of level 5 achievers)=52
*Level 5=48
*Level 4=32
*Level 3=16
*Level 2=N/A
*Level 1=N/A

The UCAS Tariff points attached to each subject level (excluding Mathematics) is as shown above, UCAS is the university admission system in United Kingdom.

'''Category B: Applied Learning Subjects'''
{| class="wikitable"
!Subjects
!Result
!Comparing to HKDSE Category A results
|-
| rowspan="3" |Applied Learning Subjects (excluding ApL Chinese)
|"Attained with Distinction (II)"
|Level 4 or above
|-
|"Attained with Distinction (I)"
|Level 3
|-
|"Attained"
|((unknown))
|-
| rowspan="2" |Applied Learning Chinese (for non-Chinese speaking students)
|"Attained with Distinction"
|Level 3 or above
|-
|"Attained"
|((unknown))
|}
Note: Albeit Category B subjects are taught to standards designed to be comparable to Category A subjects, with reference to the form above, to date the majority of local universities however, do not consider Category B subjects for admission by JUPAS.

'''Category C: Other Language Subjects'''

These subjects are graded by CAIE, on grades "A" to "E" (with grade "E" being the lowest and grade "A" the highest). An achievement below grade “E” is called 'Ungraded', and is not recorded on the diploma awarded to candidate.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.hkeaa.edu.hk/en/HKDSE/assessment/subject_information/category_c_subjects/|title=Category C: Other Language Subjects - HKDSE|website=www.hkeaa.edu.hk|language=en|access-date=2018-06-17|archive-date=17 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617192757/http://www.hkeaa.edu.hk/en/hkdse/assessment/subject_information/category_c_subjects/|url-status=live))</ref>

==Marking==
In the [[criterion-referenced test|criterion-referenced grading system]], experts in relevant subject matters establish the marking standards for each level. Thereafter, level descriptors and examples are set and constantly reviewed based on syllabus objectives and statistical data, including exam statistics and candidate answer scripts. Gradings produced by a criterion-referenced system reflect a candidate's level of attainment in a particular subject instead of the rank order of the candidate in comparison to others.((Citation needed|date=June 2018))

Markers of HKDSE are mostly current teachers of secondary schools.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.hkeaa.edu.hk/en/HKDSE/assessment/marking/marking_procedure_for_written_papers/|title=Hong Kong Examinations and Assessment Authority|website=www.hkeaa.edu.hk|language=en|access-date=2018-06-17|archive-date=17 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617192609/http://www.hkeaa.edu.hk/en/HKDSE/assessment/marking/marking_procedure_for_written_papers/|url-status=live))</ref> They are appointed to different assessment centres to perform Onscreen Marking (OSM). Exam papers are first scanned into the database at scanning centres, and then distributed to the markers through computer.<ref>((Cite news|url=https://yp.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/article/106740/what-happens-your-hkdse-paper-after-you-hand-your-exams|title=What happens to your HKDSE paper after you hand in your exams?|work=Young Post ((!)) South China Morning Post|access-date=2018-06-17|language=en|archive-date=17 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617192804/http://yp.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/article/106740/what-happens-your-hkdse-paper-after-you-hand-your-exams|url-status=live))</ref><ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.hkeaa.edu.hk/DocLibrary/Media/Leaflets/leaflet_OSM_Dec2015_eng.pdf|title=Leaflet of Onscreen Marking System|website=HKEAA|access-date=17 June 2018|archive-date=21 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021191315/https://www.hkeaa.edu.hk/DocLibrary/Media/Leaflets/leaflet_OSM_Dec2015_eng.pdf|url-status=live))</ref>

== Top Scorers' Schools ==
As of 2023, there are only 38 schools that have ever produced top scorers in HKDSE.

7 x 5** "Top Scorers" are candidates who obtained perfect scores of 5** in each of the four core subjects and three electives.

8 x 5** "Super Top Scorers" are candidates who obtained seven Level 5** in four core subjects and three electives, and an additional Level 5** in the Mathematics Extended (M1/M2) module.<ref name=":17"/>
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!width=10%|Year
!width=5%|Total No. of Top Scorers
!width=30%|Name of School
!width=5%|No. of 5**
!width=5%|First time for the school to have a Top Scorer #
!width=45%|University Destination / Remarks
|-
|2012
|6
|[[St. Mary's Canossian College]]
|8
|#
|HKU BBA(Law) & LLB <ref name=":0">((Cite web |date=2012-08-16 |title=HKU admits all top scorers in the first HKDSE Examination. Students attaining 5** in seven subjects all join the University |url=https://www.hku.hk/press/news_detail_8350.html |access-date=2022-08-10 |website=The University of Hong Kong))</ref><ref name=":22">((Cite news |date=2012-07-21 |title=High fives for top-scoring students |work=SCMP |url=https://www.scmp.com/article/1007328/high-fives-top-scoring-students |access-date=2012-07-21))</ref><ref>((Cite news |date=2012-07-21 |title=Students scramble for places following DSE exam results |work=China Daily |url=https://www.chinadailyasia.com/news/2012-07/21/content_115419.html |access-date=2012-07-21))</ref>
|-
|
|
|[[Pui Ching Middle School (Hong Kong)|Pui Ching Middle School]]
|8
|#
|HKU MBBS <ref name=":22" /><ref name=":0" />
|-
|
|
|[[Sing Yin Secondary School]]
|8
|#
|HKU BBA(Law) & LLB <ref name=":22" /><ref name=":0" />
|-
|
|
|[[Po Leung Kuk No.1 W. H. Cheung College|Po Leung Kuk No.1 W.H.Cheung College]]
|8
|#
|HKU LLB <ref name=":22" /><ref name=":0" /> Upgraded after Rechecking/Remarking <ref>((Cite news |date=2012-08-21 |title=DSE results appeal succeeded to become Top Scorer |work=Weweipo Daily News |url=http://paper.wenweipo.com/2012/08/21/HK1208210024.htm |access-date=2022-08-10))</ref>
|-
|
|
|[[Queen's College, Hong Kong|Queen's College]]
|7
|#
|HKU MBBS <ref name=":22" /><ref name=":0" />
|-
|
|
|Queen's College
|7
|
|HKU Actuarial Science <ref name=":22" /><ref name=":0" />
|-
|2013
|9
|[[Good Hope School]]
|8
|#
|HKU BBA(Law) & LLB <ref name=":23" /><ref name=":24">((Cite news |date=2013-07-15 |title=Queen's College high scorers top university entrance exams |work=SCMP |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/article/1283004/queens-college-high-scorers-top-university-entrance-exams |access-date=2013-07-15))</ref>
|-
|
|
|[[St. Paul's Co-educational College|St. Paul's Co-Educational College]]
|8
|#
|HKU LLB  <ref name=":24" /><ref name=":23">((Cite web |date=2013-08-08 |title=HKU admits the greatest number of top scorers in the HKDSE Examination |url=https://www.hku.hk/press/news_detail_10048.html |access-date=2022-08-10 |website=The University of Hong Kong))</ref>
|-
|
|
|[[True Light Girls' College]]
|7
|#
|HKU MBBS <ref name=":23" /><ref name=":24" />
|-
|
|
|[[HKFYG Lee Shau Kee College]]
|7
|#
|HKU MBBS <ref name=":23" /><ref name=":24" />
|-
|
|
|[[CCC Heep Woh College]]
|7
|#
|CUHK Medicine - GPS <ref name=":24" />
|-
|
|
|[[La Salle College]]
|7
|#
|HKU MBBS <ref name=":23" /><ref name=":24" />
|-
|
|
|[[Ying Wa Girls' School]]
|7
|#
|CUHK GBS <ref name=":24" />
|-
|
|
|Queen's College
|7
|
|HKU BBA(Law) & LLB <ref name=":23" /><ref name=":24" />
|-
|
|
|Queen's College
|7
|
|HKU Actuarial Science <ref name=":23" /><ref name=":24" />
|-
|2014
|12
|[[Heep Yunn School]]
|8
|#
|HKU MBBS <ref name=":18">((Cite news |date=2014-08-08 |title=Nine Top Scorers admitted to HKU |work=Oriental Daily |url=https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/news/20140808/00176_011.html |access-date=2022-08-10))</ref><ref name=":10">((Cite news |date=2018-08-09 |title=DSE Results Appeal Succeeded |work=Wenweipo Daily News |url=http://paper.wenweipo.com/2018/08/09/HK1808090029.htm |access-date=2022-08-10))</ref><ref name=":9">((Cite news |date=2014-07-14 |title=Top DSE students of the class of 2014 voice concerns over future of Hong Kong |work=SCMP |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/article/1553921/top-dse-students-class-2014-voice-concerns-over-future-hong-kong |access-date=2014-07-14))</ref>
|-
|
|
|[[Wa Ying College]]
|8
|#
|HKU LLB  <ref name=":18" /><ref>((Cite web |date=2014-08-07 |title=HKU admits 78% of HKDSE top scorers with 5**in six or more subjects |url=https://www.hku.hk/press/news_detail_11535.html |access-date=2022-08-10 |website=The University of Hong Kong))</ref>
|-
|
|
|St. Paul's Co-Educational College
|8
|
|Cambridge University BA in Economics <ref>((Cite web |date=2022-08-10 |title=Past Scholars |url=https://cambridge.org.hk/about-the-scholarship/past-scholars/ |access-date=2022-08-10 |website=The Friends of Cambridge University in Hong Kong))</ref><ref name=":18" /><ref name=":9" />
|-
|
|
|St. Paul's Co-Educational College
|7
|
|CUHK BA in Chinese <ref name=":18" /><ref name=":9" />
|-
|
|
|St. Paul's Co-Educational College
|7
|
|HKU LLB <ref name=":18" /><ref name=":10" />
|-
|
|
|[[Wah Yan College, Kowloon]]
|7
|#
|HKU MBBS <ref name=":18" /><ref name=":10" />
|-
|
|
|[[King's College, Hong Kong|King's College]]
|7
|#
|HKU MBBS <ref name=":18" /><ref name=":10" />
|-
|
|
|[[St Stephen's College (Hong Kong)|St. Stephen's College]]
|7
|#
|HKU BA in English <ref name=":18" /><ref name=":10" />
|-
|
|
|[[St. Paul's Secondary School]]
|7
|#
|CUHK Government and Public Administration <ref name=":18" /> transferred to Oxford University BA in PPE <ref>((Cite web |date=2022-08-10 |title=Wing Yin Anna Tsui |url=https://fair.work/en/fw/about/people/wing-yin-anna-tsui/ |access-date=2022-08-10 |website=Oxford Internet Institute))</ref><ref name=":9" />
|-
|
|
|St. Paul's Secondary School
|7
|
|HKU LLB <ref name=":18" /><ref name=":10" />
|-
|
|
|St. Marys Canossian College
|7
|
|HKU MBBS <ref name=":18" /><ref name=":10" />
|-
|
|
|Queen's College
|7
|
|HKU MBBS <ref name=":18" /><ref name=":10" />
|-
|2015
|12
|King's College
|8
|
|HKU MBBS <ref name=":11">((Cite news |date=2015-08-11 |title=JUPAS Results released |work=Wenweipo Daily News |url=http://paper.wenweipo.com/2015/08/11/HK1508110007.htm |access-date=2022-08-10))</ref><ref name=":12">((Cite web |date=2015-08-12 |title=HKU admits all twelve HKDSE top scorers (updated) |url=https://www.hku.hk/press/press-releases/detail/13114.html |access-date=2022-08-10 |website=The University of Hong Kong))</ref><ref>((Cite news |date=2015-07-14 |title=Eleven pupils score top marks in Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education exams |work=SCMP |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/education-community/article/1838668/11-pupils-score-top-marks-hong-kong-diploma |access-date=2015-07-14))</ref>
|-
|
|
|Queen's College
|8
|
|HKU MBBS <ref name=":12" /><ref name=":11" />  The first candidate to obtain 17 * stars <ref>((Cite news |date=2015-07-16 |title=Queen's College student to be the first HKDSE candidate to achieve 17 *stars |work=Apple Daily |url=https://hk.news.appledaily.com/local/daily/article/20150716/19221557 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190726030229/https://hk.news.appledaily.com/local/daily/article/20150716/19221557 |archive-date=2019-07-26  |access-date=2022-08-10))</ref>
|-
|
|
|Queen's College
|7
|
|HKU MBBS  <ref name=":11" /><ref name=":12" />
|-
|
|
|St. Marys Canossian College
|7
|
|HKU MBBS <ref name=":12" /><ref name=":11" />
|-
|
|
|St. Marys Canossian College
|7
|
|HKU BSocSc in Psychology <ref name=":12" /><ref name=":11" />
|-
|
|
|[[Hong Kong University Graduate Association College|HKUGA College]]
|7
|#
|HKU MBBS <ref name=":12" /><ref name=":11" />
|-
|
|
|HKUGA College
|7
|
|HKU BBA(Law) & LLB <ref name=":12" /><ref name=":11" /> 
|-
|
|
|[[Hong Kong Taoist Association Tang Hin Memorial Secondary School|HKTA Tang Hin Memorial Secondary School]]
|7
|#
|HKU BSocSc (Government and Laws) & LLB <ref name=":12" /><ref name=":11" />
|-
|
|
|[[Shun Tak Fraternal Association Leung Kau Kui College]]
|7
|#
|HKU MBBS <ref name=":12" /><ref name=":11" />
|-
|
|
|[[St. Paul's School (Lam Tin)]]
|7
|#
|HKU Dental Surgery <ref name=":12" /><ref name=":11" />
|-
|
|
|[[Diocesan Girls' School]]
|7
|#
|HKU MBBS <ref name=":12" /><ref name=":11" />
|-
|
|
|Diocesan Girls' School
|7
|
|HKU MBBS  <ref name=":12" />
Upgraded after Rechecking/Remarking
|-
|2016
|5
|Queen's College
|7
|
|HKU MBBS  <ref name=":6">((Cite web |date=2016-08-08 |title=HKU JUPAS main round offer results |url=https://www.hku.hk/press/press-releases/detail/14968.html |access-date=2022-08-10 |website=The University of Hong Kong))</ref><ref>((Cite news |date=2016-07-14 |title=Here's why this year had so few 5** scorers on the DSE since 2012 |work=SCMP |url=https://www.scmp.com/yp/learn/learning-resources/article/3067809/heres-why-year-had-so-few-5-scorers-dse-2012 |access-date=2016-07-14))</ref>
|-
|
|
|Diocesan Girls' School 
|7
|
|CUHK Medicine - GPS  <ref name=":1">((Cite web |date=2017-08-07 |title=CUHK Announces 2017/18 Admission Scores for Medicine |url=https://www.med.cuhk.edu.hk/press-releases/cuhk-announces-201718-admission-scores-for-medicine |access-date=2022-08-10 |website=CUHK Faculty of Medicine))</ref>
|-
|
|
|Diocesan Girls' School 
|7
|
|HKU Dental Surgery <ref name=":6" />
|-
|
|
|St. Paul's Co-educational College
|7
|
|HKU BBA(Law) & LLB <ref name=":6" />
|-
|
|
|Pui Ching Middle School 
|7
|
|CUHK Pharmacy
Upgraded after Rechecking/Remarking <ref>((Cite news |date=2016-08-11 |title=DSE Results Appealed |work=Wenweipo Daily News |url=http://paper.wenweipo.com/2016/08/11/HK1608110057.htm |access-date=2022-08-10))</ref>
|-
|2017
|6
|Diocesan Girls' School
|8
|
|CUHK Medicine - GPS  <ref name=":1" /><ref name=":25">((Cite news |date=2017-07-11 |title=2017 HKDSE results reveal six top scorers including one super top scorer |work=SCMP |url=https://www.scmp.com/yp/discover/news/hong-kong/article/3065320/2017-hkdse-results-reveal-six-top-scorers-including-one |access-date=2017-07-11))</ref>
|-
|
|
|St. Paul's Co-educational College
|7
|
|HKU MBBS <ref name=":25" /><ref name=":7">((Cite news |date=2017-08-08 |title=Five of the six top DSE scorers choose medicine after release of Jupas results |work=SCMP |url=https://www.scmp.com/yp/learn/learning-resources/article/3065648/five-six-top-dse-scorers-choose-medicine-after-release |access-date=2022-08-10))</ref>
|-
|
|
|St. Paul's Co-educational College
|7
|
|HKU MBBS <ref name=":25" /><ref name=":7" />
|-
|
|
|[[Munsang College]]
|7
|#
|HKU Dental Surgery <ref name=":25" /><ref name=":7" />
|-
|
|
|[[Belilios Public School]]
|7
|#
|HKU MBBS <ref name=":25" /><ref name=":7" />
|-
|
|
|Queen's College
|7
|
|HKU MBBS <ref name=":7" /><ref name=":25" /><ref>((Cite web |date=2017-08-07 |title=HKU continues to take in the largest majority of HKDSE top scorers in Hong Kong |url=https://www.hku.hk/press/press-releases/detail/16630.html |access-date=2022-08-10 |website=The University of Hong Kong))</ref>
|-
|2018
|11
|La Salle College
|9
|
|HKU MBBS <ref name=":13">((Cite news |date=2018-08-06 |title=JUPAS results released |work=Hong Kong Economic Times |url=https://topick.hket.com/article/2130592/%E3%80%90JUPAS%E6%94%BE%E6%A6%9C%E3%80%91%E6%B8%AF%E5%A4%A7%E6%94%B6%E6%9C%80%E5%A4%9ADSE%E7%8B%80%E5%85%83%E3%80%80%E9%A6%96%E4%BD%8D18-%E8%B6%85%E7%B4%9A%E7%8B%80%E5%85%83%E5%85%A5%E8%AE%80%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8%E9%99%A2 |access-date=2022-08-10))</ref><ref name=":2">((Cite news |date=2018-08-07 |title=HKU bags most DSE top scorers, followed by CUHK |work=China Daily |url=https://www.chinadailyhk.com/articles/225/10/142/1533606046899.html |access-date=2022-08-10))</ref>  The first candidate to obtain 18 * stars  <ref>((Cite news |date=2018-07-11 |title=HKDSE 2018: This year's top scorers, their dreams, ambitions, and concerns for the people of Hong Kong |work=SCMP |url=https://www.scmp.com/yp/discover/news/hong-kong/article/3073397/hkdse-2018-years-top-scorers-their-dreams-ambitions-and |access-date=2018-07-11))</ref>
|-
|
|
|Queen's College
|8
|
|CUHK Medicine - GPS <ref>((Cite web |date=2018-08-06 |title=CUHK Announces 2018/19 Admission Scores for Medicine |url=https://www.med.cuhk.edu.hk/press-releases/cuhk-announces-201819-admission-scores-for-medicine |access-date=2022-08-10 |website=CUHK Faculty of Medicine))</ref>
|-
|
|
|[[Diocesan Boys' School]]
|8
|#
|HKU Dental Surgery <ref name=":13" />
|-
|
|
|St. Paul's Co-educational College
|8
|
|HKU BBA(Law) & LLB  <ref name=":13" /><ref name=":2" />
|-
|
|
|St. Paul's Co-educational College
|8
|
|HKU MBBS
Upgraded after Rechecking/Remarking <ref name=":10" />
|-
|
|
|St. Paul's Co-educational College
|7
|
|CUHK GBS
|-
|
|
|St. Paul's Co-educational College
|7
|
|HKU LLB <ref name=":13" />
|-
|
|
|Diocesan Girls' School
|7
|
|HKU MBBS <ref name=":13" /><ref name=":2" />
|-
|
|
|Diocesan Girls' School
|7
|
|Oxford University BA in PPE <ref name=":19">((Cite web |date=2022-08-10 |title=List of Awardees |url=https://hkses.edb.gov.hk/en/awardees.html |access-date=2022-08-10 |website=Hong Kong Scholarship for Excellence Scheme))</ref><ref name=":13" />
|-
|
|
|Good Hope School
|7
|
|HKU BSocSc (Government and Laws) & LLB <ref name=":13" />
|-
|
|
|Tseung Kwan O Government Secondary School
|7
|#
|HKU MBBS
transferred to CityU Veterinary Medicine <ref>((Cite news |date=2021-07-18 |title=HKDSE results released |work=HK01 |url=https://www.hk01.com/18%E5%8D%80%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E/652124/dse%E6%94%BE%E6%A6%9C-%E5%A5%B3%E7%8B%80%E5%85%83%E5%9B%A0%E7%97%85%E7%94%B1-%E7%A5%9E%E7%A7%91-%E8%BD%89%E8%AE%80%E7%8D%B8%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8-%E7%9B%BC%E7%A0%94%E4%BA%BA%E7%95%9C%E5%85%B1%E9%80%9A%E5%82%B3%E6%9F%93%E7%97%85 |access-date=2022-08-10))</ref>

Upgraded after Rechecking/Remarking <ref name=":10" />
|-
|2019
|12
|Queen's College
|8
|
|HKU MBBS <ref name=":14">((Cite news |date=2019-07-10 |title=HKDSE 2019: Exam results reveal 12 top scorers with 5** in seven subjects |work=SCMP |url=https://www.scmp.com/yp/discover/news/hong-kong/article/3056869/hkdse-2019-exam-results-reveal-12-top-scorers-5-seven |access-date=2019-07-10))</ref>
|-
|
|
|[[St. Paul's College, Hong Kong|St. Paul's College]]
|8
|#
|HKU BBA(Law) & LLB <ref name=":14" />
|-
|
|
|Diocesan Boys' School
|8
|
|HKU MBBS <ref name=":14" />
|-
|
|
|St. Paul's Co-educational College
|8
|
|CUHK Medicine - GPS <ref name=":3">((Cite web |date=2019-08-05 |title=CUHK Announces 2019/20 Admission Scores for Medicine |url=https://www.med.cuhk.edu.hk/press-releases/cuhk-announces-2019-20-admission-scores-for-medicine |access-date=2022-08-10 |website=CUHK Faculty of Medicine))</ref>
|-
|
|
|La Salle College
|8
|
|CUHK Medicine - GPS <ref name=":3" />
|-
|
|
|La Salle College
|7
|
|CUHK Medicine - GPS <ref name=":3" />
|-
|
|
|La Salle College
|7
|
|CUHK Medicine - GPS <ref name=":3" />
|-
|
|
|Diocesan Girls' School
|8
|
|Cambridge University BA in Economics  <ref name=":19" /><ref name=":14" />
|-
|
|
|Diocesan Girls' School
|7
|
|CUHK Medicine - GPS <ref name=":3" />
|-
|
|
|[[St. Mark's School (Hong Kong)|St. Mark's School]]
|7
|#
|CUHK Medicine - GPS <ref name=":3" /> 
|-
|
|
|[[Kwun Tong Maryknoll College]]
|7
|#
|HKU Dental Surgery <ref name=":14" />
|-
|
|
|Pui Ching Middle School 
|7
|
|CUHK Medicine - GPS <ref name=":3" />
|-
|2020
|7
|Diocesan Girls' School
|8
|
|Oxford University BA in English Language and Literature <ref>((Cite web |date=2022-09-01 |title=List of Awardees 2020/21 |url=https://hkses.edb.gov.hk/en/list-of-awardees-2021.html |access-date=2022-09-01 |website=Hong Kong Scholarship for Excellence Scheme))</ref><ref name=":15">((Cite news |date=2020-07-22 |title=Top DSE scorers come from four traditional elite schools |work=The Standard |url=https://www.thestandard.com.hk/breaking-news/section/4/151463/Top-DSE-scorers-come-from-four-traditional-elite-schools |access-date=2020-07-22))</ref>
|-
|
|
|Diocesan Girls' School
|7
|
|Cambridge University BA in HSPS <ref name=":15" />
|-
|
|
|St. Paul's Co-educational College
|8
|
|Cambridge University MEng <ref name=":19" /><ref name=":15" />
|-
|
|
|St. Paul's Co-educational College
|7
|
|CUHK BSc in Cell and Molecular Biology <ref name=":20">((Cite news |date=2020-08-13 |title=Four Top Scorers admitted to HKU |work=Sing Tao Daily |url=https://std.stheadline.com/daily/article/2264316/%E6%97%A5%E5%A0%B1-%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2-%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E8%A6%81%E8%81%9E-%E8%81%AF%E6%8B%9B%E5%8F%96%E9%8C%84%E7%8E%87%E5%89%B5%E6%96%B0%E9%AB%98-%E6%B8%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%9B%8A%E6%8B%AC%E5%9B%9B%E7%8B%80%E5%85%83 |access-date=2022-08-10))</ref><ref name=":15" />
|-
|
|
|St. Paul's Co-educational College
|7
|
|HKU MBBS <ref name=":20" /><ref name=":8">((Cite web |date=2020-08-13 |title=4 top scorers achieving 5** in 7 subjects admitted to HKU |url=https://www.hku.hk/press/press-releases/detail/21420.html |access-date=2022-08-10 |website=The University of Hong Kong))</ref>
|-
|
|
|[[Wah Yan College, Hong Kong|Wah Yan College Hong Kong]]
|7
|#
|HKU MBBS <ref name=":20" /><ref name=":8" />
|-
|
|
|Queen's College
|7
|
|HKU MBBS <ref name=":20" /><ref name=":8" />
|-
|2021
|7
|Diocesan Girls' School
|8
|
|CUHK Medicine - GPS <ref name=":21">((Cite news |date=2021-08-12 |title=JUPAS results released today |work=Hong Kong Headline Daily |url=https://hd.stheadline.com/news/realtime/hk/2163895/ |access-date=2022-08-10))</ref><ref name=":4">((Cite web |date=2021-08-12 |title=CUHK Announces 2021/22 Admission Scores for Medicine |url=https://www.med.cuhk.edu.hk/press-releases/cuhk-announces-2021-22-admission-scores-for-medicine |access-date=2022-08-10 |website=CUHK Faculty of Medicine))</ref><ref name=":16">((Cite news |date=2021-07-21 |title=HKDSE exam results reveal seven top scorers from six schools |work=The Standard |url=https://www.thestandard.com.hk/breaking-news/section/4/177170/HKDSE-exam-results-reveal-seven-top-scorers-from-six-schools |access-date=2021-07-21))</ref>
|-
|
|
|Diocesan Girls' School
|7
|
|Cambridge University BA in Law <ref name=":21" /><ref name=":19" /><ref name=":16" />
|-
|
|
|St. Mary's Canossian College
|8
|
|HKU MBBS <ref name=":21" /><ref name=":16" />
|-
|
|
|[[Po Leung Kuk Tang Yuk Tien College]]
|8
|#
|HKU BSc Quantitative Finance <ref name=":21" /><ref name=":16" />
|-
|
|
|[[St. Stephen's Girls' College|St. Stephen's Girls College]]
|7
|#
|CUHK Medicine - GPS <ref name=":21" /><ref name=":4" />
|-
|
|
|[[Ying Wa College]]
|7
|#
|CUHK Medicine - GPS <ref name=":21" /><ref name=":4" />
|-
|
|
|[[Queen Elizabeth School, Hong Kong|Queen Elizabeth School]]
|7
|#
|CUHK Medicine - GPS <ref name=":21" /><ref name=":4" />
|-
|2022
|11
|Queen Elizabeth School
|8
|
|CUHK Medicine - GPS <ref name=":5">((Cite web |date=2022-08-10 |title=CUHK Announces 2022/23 Admission Scores for Medicine |url=https://www.med.cuhk.edu.hk/press-releases/cuhk-announces-2022-23-admission-scores-for-medicine |access-date=2022-08-10 |website=CUHK Faculty of Medicine))</ref><ref name=":17">((Cite news |date=2022-07-20 |title=HKDSE exam results reveal eight top scorers from eight schools |work=The Standard |url=https://www.thestandard.com.hk/breaking-news/section/4/192492/HKDSE-exam-results-reveal-eight-top-scorers-from-eight-schools |access-date=2022-07-20))</ref>
|-
|
|
|Heep Yunn School
|8
|
|CUHK Medicine - GPS <ref name=":5" />
|-
|
|
|Pui Ching Middle School
|8
|
|HKU MBBS <ref name=":17" />
|-
|
|
|Carmel Secondary School
|8
|#
|CUHK BSc in Quantitative Finance and Risk Management Science <ref name=":17" />
|-
|
|
|Diocesan Boys' School
|8
|
|CUHK Medicine - GPS
Upgraded after Rechecking/Remarking <ref>((Cite news |date=2022-08-17 |title=【DSE2022】男拔1名考生成功「升呢」文憑試狀元增至9人 |work=Hong Kong Economic Times |url=https://topick.hket.com/article/3329880/%E3%80%90DSE2022%E3%80%91%E7%94%B7%E6%8B%941%E5%90%8D%E8%80%83%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90%E5%8A%9F%E3%80%8C%E5%8D%87%E5%91%A2%E3%80%8D%E3%80%80%E6%96%87%E6%86%91%E8%A9%A6%E7%8B%80%E5%85%83%E5%A2%9E%E8%87%B39%E4%BA%BA |access-date=2022-08-17))</ref>
|-
|
|
|[[Sheng Kung Hui Lam Woo Memorial Secondary School|S.K.H. Lam Woo Memorial Secondary School]]
|7
|#
|Cambridge University BA in Natural Sciences
Upgraded after Appeal Review <ref>((Cite news |date=2022-11-07 |title=S.K.H. Lam Woo Memorial Secondary School to have its first HKDSE top scorer |work=Oriental Daily News |url=https://hk.on.cc/hk/bkn/cnt/news/20221107/bkn-20221107155628058-1107_00822_001.html |access-date=2022-11-07))</ref>
|-
|
|
|[[New Territories Heung Yee Kuk Yuen Long District Secondary School]]
|7
|#
|HKU-UCL Dual Degree Programme in Law
Upgraded after Appeal Review <ref>((Cite news |date=2022-11-07 |title=NTHYK Yuen Long District Secondary School's Top Scorer would wish to become a lawyer |work=Oriental Daily News |url=https://hk.on.cc/hk/bkn/cnt/news/20221107/bkn-20221107145157380-1107_00822_001.html |access-date=2022-11-07))</ref>
|-
|
|
|La Salle College 
|7
|
|CUHK Medicine - GPS <ref name=":5" />
|-
|
|
|King's College
|7
|
|CUHK Medicine - GPS <ref name=":5" />
|-
|
|
|Diocesan Girls' School
|7
|
|Cambridge University BA in HSPS <ref>((Cite web |date=2022-09-01 |title=List of Awardees 2022/23 |url=https://hkses.edb.gov.hk/en/list-of-awardees-2223.html |access-date=2022-09-01 |website=Hong Kong Scholarship for Excellence Scheme))</ref><ref name=":17" />
|-
|
|
|Queen's College 
|7
|
|CUHK Medicine - GPS <ref name=":5" />
|-
|2023
|4
|Queen's College
|8
|
|CUHK Medicine - GPS <ref>((Cite news |date=2023-07-19 |title=3 elite Hong Kong schools behind city's 4 top DSE scorers in university entrance exams |work=SCMP |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/education/article/3228170/3-elite-hong-kong-schools-behind-citys-4-top-scorers-dse-exams))</ref>
|-
|
|
|St. Paul's Co-educational College
|8
|
|Cambridge University BA in Natural Sciences <ref>((Cite news |date=2023-07-19 |title=HKDSE exam results reveal four top scorers from three schools |work=The Standard |url=https://www.thestandard.com.hk/breaking-news/section/4/206100/HKDSE-exam-results-reveal-four-top-scorers-from-three-schools |access-date=2023-08-09))</ref>
|-
|
|
|St. Paul's Co-educational College
|8
|
|HKU MBBS <ref name=":26">((Cite web |date=2023-08-09 |title=HKU Admits Top DSE Candidates Embraces Diverse Talent Development |url=https://www.hku.hk/press/news_detail_26454.html |access-date=2023-08-09 |website=The University of Hong Kong))</ref>
|-
|
|
|Good Hope School
|7
|
|HKU MBBS <ref name=":26" />
|}

==Admission to local universities==
((See also|Joint University Programmes Admissions System))
The HKDSE is designed for local secondary school students in Hong Kong to measure their achievement and to enable them to gain admission to local universities through the unified [[Joint University Programmes Admissions System]] (JUPAS).<ref>((Cite news|url=https://yp.scmp.com/go-to-gurus/advice/article/107940/your-guide-applying-hong-kong-university-through-jupas-what-are|title=Your guide to applying to a Hong Kong university through Jupas: what are your options and is your choice right for you?|work=Young Post ((!)) South China Morning Post|access-date=2018-06-17|language=en|archive-date=17 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617192905/http://yp.scmp.com/go-to-gurus/advice/article/107940/your-guide-applying-hong-kong-university-through-jupas-what-are|url-status=live))</ref>

International qualifications, like IB Diploma, IGCSE, GCE A-levels and IALs, OSSD, and SAT/AP, on the other hand, are more often taken by private, DSS (Directly Subsidised, comparable to independent schools in other countries) or international school students. These international qualifications are becoming more popular in Hong Kong, due to the perceived difference in difficulty and grading between HKDSE and the international qualifications, leading to the perception in some parents and students that it is comparatively easier for a student to gain entrance to local universities with an international school leaving qualification.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/family-education/article/1765551/ib-or-dse-pros-and-cons-hong-kong-secondary-school|title=IB or DSE? Pros and cons of Hong Kong secondary school curriculums explained|date=2015-04-14|website=South China Morning Post|language=en|access-date=2020-04-11|archive-date=11 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411105053/https://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/family-education/article/1765551/ib-or-dse-pros-and-cons-hong-kong-secondary-school|url-status=live))</ref> In addition, HKDSE holders applying through JUPAS must have results from at least 5 subjects, including the Compulsory Subject of Chinese Language, metaphorically referred to by students as 'the paper of death' due to its extensive coverage of [[Classical Chinese]] literatures written in a completely different writing system than [[Standard Chinese|Modern Standard Chinese]]; while international qualifications like IGCSE/A-level and IBD have more flexibility in the choice of subject and additional language for students.

Due to these differences and the perception of an advantage that international qualifications have over HKDSE in university admission, there has been a considerable amount of concern over the emergence of a bipartite education system, based on wealth instead of merit.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.hkcnews.com/article/14948/ib-dse-大學收生-14948/ib較dse易取高分？數字證實如此|title=IB較DSE易取高分？數字證實如此 ((!)) 前線科技人員|website=眾新聞|language=zh|access-date=2020-04-11|archive-date=12 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210712021522/https://www.hkcnews.com/article/14948/ib-dse-%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%94%B6%E7%94%9F-14948/ib%E8%BC%83dse%E6%98%93%E5%8F%96%E9%AB%98%E5%88%86%EF%BC%9F%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%97%E8%AD%89%E5%AF%A6%E5%A6%82%E6%AD%A4|url-status=live))</ref>

==Impact on schools==
One notable impact on schools in [[Hong Kong]] is the discontinued need for [[sixth form college]]s due to the cancellation of HKALE and upper sixth. Nevertheless, some of these colleges, such as [[PLK Vicwood KT Chong Sixth Form College]], remain in operation as senior secondary schools.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.sfc-plk.edu.hk/|title=Welcome to P.L.K. Vicwood K.T. Chong Sixth Form College ((!)) Po Leung Kuk Vicwood K.T. Chong Sixth Form College|website=www.sfc-plk.edu.hk|access-date=2020-04-11|archive-date=11 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411105104/http://www.sfc-plk.edu.hk/|url-status=live))</ref>

==Criticism==

===Unbalanced focus===
The HKDSE is criticised for placing too much emphasis on the four core subjects, causing some students to neglect the elective subjects. [[Tsui Lap-chee]], then president of the University of Hong Kong at the introduction of HKDSE, commented: "The Education Bureau demands universities [to screen pupils by] setting the so-called ''3322'' as minimum entry requirement for undergraduate programmes — aka a minimal of grade 3 in Chinese and English Languages, and a minimal of grade 2 in Mathematics and Liberal Studies. [It is] insufficient for studying in universities." He proposed a minimal grade requirement for two elective subjects, which the Education Bureau rejected. He also mentioned that many students do not study the optional extended modules for Mathematics, leaving them lacking the advanced mathematics knowledge needed for science and engineering studies; it is very difficult for them to make this up in their undergraduate courses.<ref>((cite news|url=https://topick.hket.com/article/1875385/%E6%96%87%E6%86%91%E8%A9%A63322%E4%B8%8D%E8%B6%B3%E4%B8%8A%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%20%E5%BE%90%E7%AB%8B%E4%B9%8B%EF%BC%9A%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E5%B1%80%E5%A6%82%E5%90%8C%E6%94%9E%E6%A7%8D%E8%BF%AB%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%97|title=文憑試3322不足上大學 徐立之：教育局如同攞槍迫大學接受|publisher=Hong Kong Economic Times|language=zh|date=8 August 2017|access-date=12 June 2018|archive-date=11 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180711204120/https://topick.hket.com/article/1875385/%E6%96%87%E6%86%91%E8%A9%A63322%E4%B8%8D%E8%B6%B3%E4%B8%8A%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%20%E5%BE%90%E7%AB%8B%E4%B9%8B%EF%BC%9A%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E5%B1%80%E5%A6%82%E5%90%8C%E6%94%9E%E6%A7%8D%E8%BF%AB%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%97|url-status=live))</ref>

===Hindrance to admission===
Since the launch of the HKDSE, the Chinese language paper is often dubbed the "paper of death" (((zh|links=no|c=死亡之卷))).<ref>((Cite news|url=http://yp.scmp.com/education/article/105960/year%E2%80%99s-hkdse-chinese-exam-was-lively-%E2%80%9Cpaper-death%E2%80%9D|title=This year's HKDSE Chinese exam was a lively "paper of death"|work=Young Post ((!)) South China Morning Post|access-date=2018-06-17|language=en|archive-date=14 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180314170117/http://yp.scmp.com/education/article/105960/year%E2%80%99s-hkdse-chinese-exam-was-lively-%E2%80%9Cpaper-death%E2%80%9D|url-status=live))</ref> Some have the opinion that the high expectation is well-founded since it is the main language used in daily life in Hong Kong, but every year nearly half of all candidates fail the subject. They hence lose the chance to gain entrance to a university because of the obligatory "3322" requirement, even though tertiary education in Hong Kong is delivered in English. “3322” refers to level 3 for Chinese Language and English Language and level 2 for Mathematics Compulsory Part and Liberal Studies, compared to the past when language subjects were not compulsory at advanced level. It is also reported that some of the authors of passages employed in the Chinese papers themselves found the questions in the paper difficult or impossible to answer. Elaine Yau of SCMP commented that the exam results are "proving [HKDSE as] a major hindrance to admission".<ref>((Cite news|url=https://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/families/article/1885152/hongkongers-university-dreams-dashed-hkdse-chinese-exam|title=Hongkongers' university dreams dashed by HKDSE Chinese exam|work=South China Morning Post|access-date=2018-06-17|language=en|archive-date=17 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617192959/http://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/families/article/1885152/hongkongers-university-dreams-dashed-hkdse-chinese-exam|url-status=live))</ref>

Moreover, it is reported that the HKDSE is causing chronic stress in students.<ref>((Cite news|url=https://www.hongkongfp.com/2018/04/01/notorious-d-s-e-hong-kongs-high-stress-exam-really-necessary/|title=COMMUNITY & EDUCATION OPINION The Notorious D.S.E. – Is Hong Kong's high-stress exam really necessary?|work=Young Post ((!)) South China Morning Post|access-date=2020-01-29|language=en))</ref>

=== 2020 arrangements due to the COVID-19 outbreak ===
The spread of [[COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong|COVID-19 in Hong Kong]] caused the Education Bureau (EDB) and HKEAA to remodel the 2020 HKDSE. At a press conference held on 6 February announcing the alternative plans, the Secretary for Education [[Kevin Yeung]] said that all oral and practical examinations to be held before 27 March would be postponed. He went on further to mention two different options then considered by the Bureau and the HKEAA. One of them was that written exams would take place on 27 March as scheduled, whereas physical education, music practicals and Chinese speakings be postponed to May. Option two was that all examinations would be postponed by four weeks, as well as cancelling all oral examinations.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.news.gov.hk/eng/2020/02/20200206/20200206_150218_291.html|title=New HKDSE plan to be announced|website=Hong Kong's Information Services Department|language=zh-hk|access-date=2020-03-02|archive-date=2 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302234710/http://www.news.gov.hk/eng/2020/02/20200206/20200206_150218_291.html|url-status=live))</ref> At the end of February, the bureau announced that option one would be adopted where HKDSE would be held as scheduled on 27 March and Chinese oral exams would be postponed to 18 May. The result releasing date would also be postponed to 15 July. Some measures were made by the Bureau to prevent the chance of virus transmission, such as providing candidates with face masks and checking their body temperature. For those who could not attend HKDSE due to health conditions, their final grade of the subject can be determined based on school performance, but the maximum grade they can obtain would be level 5.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://thestandnews.com/society/%E5%85%A8%E6%B8%AF%E5%AD%B8%E6%A0%A1%E6%9C%80%E6%97%A9-4-%E6%9C%88-20-%E5%BE%A9%E8%AA%B2-%E6%96%87%E6%86%91%E8%A9%A6%E5%B0%87%E5%A6%82%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%8B%E8%80%83-%E9%A0%86%E5%BB%B6%E4%B8%80%E6%98%9F%E6%9C%9F%E6%94%BE%E6%A6%9C/|title=全港學校最早 4 月 20 復課 文憑試將如期開考 順延一星期放榜 ((!)) 立場報道 ((!)) 立場新聞|website=立場新聞 Stand News|language=en|access-date=2020-03-02|archive-date=13 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200313213928/https://www.thestandnews.com/society/%E5%85%A8%E6%B8%AF%E5%AD%B8%E6%A0%A1%E6%9C%80%E6%97%A9-4-%E6%9C%88-20-%E5%BE%A9%E8%AA%B2-%E6%96%87%E6%86%91%E8%A9%A6%E5%B0%87%E5%A6%82%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%8B%E8%80%83-%E9%A0%86%E5%BB%B6%E4%B8%80%E6%98%9F%E6%9C%9F%E6%94%BE%E6%A6%9C/|url-status=live))</ref> In mid-March, after a spike in COVID-19 cases reported in Hong Kong, the secretary announced that the HKDSE would be postponed by a month to 27 April, as in the previously discussed option 2.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.hkeaa.edu.hk/DocLibrary/MainNews/PR_contingency_HKDSE_0321_ENG.pdf|title=Press Release|website=HKEAA|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=11 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411105056/http://www.hkeaa.edu.hk/DocLibrary/MainNews/PR_contingency_HKDSE_0321_ENG.pdf|url-status=live))</ref>

Candidates expressed dissatisfaction over the new arrangements, demanding a cancellation of 2020 HKDSE. Some thought that with such a large number of candidates staying in a packed area for examination, the possibility of virus transmission would be high. Some also thought that the EDB should have made the call to postpone the exam earlier instead of just less than 2 weeks before the official exam date, which caused confusion and inconvenience to everyone concerned. In an interview with [[Hong Kong Free Press]], a candidate hoped that the bureau would be more transparent in their decision-making process in the future, as the uncertainty surrounding the new arrangement had caused more burden to candidates and made them more stressed about the public exam.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.hongkongfp.com/2020/02/22/coronavirus-possible-delay-critical-exams-causes-anguish-among-hong-kong-secondary-students/|title=Coronavirus: Possible delay in critical exams causing anguish among Hong Kong secondary students|last=Ho|first=Kelly|date=2020-02-22|website=Hong Kong Free Press HKFP|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-03-02|archive-date=3 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220103174659/https://hongkongfp.com/2020/02/22/coronavirus-possible-delay-critical-exams-causes-anguish-among-hong-kong-secondary-students/|url-status=live))</ref>

=== 2020 HKDSE History exam controversy ===
In May, over 5,000 students took the HKDSE History exam. The exam is divided into two papers, with the first paper consisting of four compulsory Data-Based Question and the second paper requiring the candidate to choose to attempt two out of the seven essay questions. Among the four questions in Paper 1, Question 2 is set on the topic of [[Sino-Japanese relations]] during the first half of the 20th century.<ref>((Cite news |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/education/article/3132535/hong-kong-history-exam-paper-skirts-questions-sino |title=Hong Kong history exam paper skirts questions on Sino-Japanese relations |publisher=[[South China Morning Post]] |date=6 May 2021 |accessdate=10 June 2021 |language=en |archive-date=10 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610140347/https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/education/article/3132535/hong-kong-history-exam-paper-skirts-questions-sino |url-status=live ))</ref> In part (c) of the question, which is also the third and the last sub-question, requires candidates to answer "Whether Japan did more good than harm to China between 1900 and 1945." based on the source provided and their own historical knowledge. A day after the exam, the EDB, the Hong Kong government officials, and major pro-establishment figures and legislators slammed the question for being "biassed", "insensitive to the war crime victims who suffered from atrocities committed by the [[Japanese Army]] during [[Second Sino-Japanese War|Sino-Japanese War]]", and "hurting the pride and dignity of the 1.4 billion Chinese people".<ref>((Cite news |url=https://www.scmp.com/yp/discover/news/article/3084496/hong-kongs-exam-authority-slammed-education-bureau-over-history |title=Hong Kong's exam authority questioned over 'biased' question about Japan |publisher=Young Post |date=18 May 2020 |accessdate=10 June 2021 |archive-date=10 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610140336/https://www.scmp.com/yp/discover/news/article/3084496/hong-kongs-exam-authority-slammed-education-bureau-over-history |url-status=live ))</ref> Hence, the government orders the invalidation of the question.

With the government intervention in the exam system, many candidates expressed their anger towards the government that the removal of the controversial question would unfairly affect their performance, and may also affect their admission into the local universities. A week later, the question was confirmed to be invalidated. Subsequently, a student group filed a judicial review to challenge the HKEAA decision to invalidate the question.

Many pro-democracy figures believed the government intervention on the examination system is reflecting the Central government growing influence in Hong Kong's local affairs. Many teachers from the Pro-Democracy HKPTU expressed their concern about the eroding academic freedom. On the other hand, pro-establishment figures believed that the local education system is "toxic" and "brainwashing" to promote local young people to become more rebellious against the Central and SAR government. In view of this problem, the pro-establishment figures called for the education system to be reformed and remove any elements of colonialism in the education system that have existed over the past 23 years.

==See also==
((Portal|Hong Kong|Education))
* [[Hong Kong Certificate of Education Examination]]
* [[HKALE|Hong Kong Advanced Level Examination]]
* [[Matriculation examination]]

==References==
((Reflist|2))

==External links==
* [http://www.edb.gov.hk/index.aspx?nodeID=2&langno=2 Hong Kong Education Bureau] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130225024205/http://www.edb.gov.hk/index.aspx?nodeID=2&langno=2 |date=25 February 2013 ))
* [https://www.hkeaa.edu.hk/en/ Hong Kong Examinations and Assessment Authority]

((Joint University Programmes Admissions System))
((Admission tests))

((DEFAULTSORT:Hong Kong Diploma Of Secondary Education))
[[Category:Education in Hong Kong|Diploma in Secondary Education]]
[[Category:School examinations in Hong Kong]]
[[Category:Secondary school qualifications]]

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