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((Short description|None))
((copyedit|reason=Style/formatting issues. Capitalization of instruments and classes|date=August 2023))

There are many different [[Surgery|surgical]] specialties, some of which require very specific kinds of [[Surgical instrument|surgical instruments]] to perform. 

[[General surgery]] is a specialty focused on the [[Abdomen|abdominal contents]], as well as the [[Thyroid|thyroid gland]], and [[Disease|diseases]] involving [[skin]], [[Breast|breasts]], various [[Soft tissue|soft tissues]], [[Trauma surgery|trauma]], [[Peripheral artery disease|peripheral vascular disease]], [[Hernia|hernias]], and [[Endoscopy|endoscopic]] procedures. 

This page is dedicated specifically to listing surgical instruments used in general surgery. 

Instruments can be classified in many ways - but broadly speaking, there are five kinds of instruments.
# Cutting and dissecting instruments: 
#*'''Scalpels''', '''scissors''', and '''saws''' are the most traditional.
#*Elevators can be both cutting and lifting/retracting.
#*Although the term dissection is broad, energy devices such as diathermy/cautery are often used as more modern alternatives.
# Grasping or holding instruments: 
#*Classically this included '''forceps''' and '''clamps''' predominantly.
#*Roughly, forceps can be divided into traumatic (tissue crushing) and atraumatic (tissue preserving, such as Debakey's)
#*Numerous examples are available for different purposes by field.
# Hemostatic instruments: 
#*This includes instruments utilized for the cessation of bleeding.
#*'''Artery forceps''' are a classic example in which bleeding is halted by direct clamping of a vessel.
#*Sutures are often used, aided by a needle holder.
#*'''Cautery''' and related instruments are used with increasing frequency in high resource countries.
# Retractors: 
#*Surgery is often considered to be largely about exposure.
#*A multitude of retractors exist to aid in exposing the body's cavities accessed during surgery.
#*These can broadly be handheld (often by a junior assistant) or self-retaining.
#*Elevators can be both cutting and lifting/retracting.
# Tissue unifying instruments and materials: 
#*This would include instruments that aid in tissue unification (such as needle holders or staple applicators) 
#*And the materials themselves 

Instruments used in [[surgery]] are:<ref>((Cite web |url=http://www.ilizarov.com/english/ |title=ilizarov.com (English) |access-date=2008-06-04 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130126120621/http://www.ilizarov.com/english/ |archive-date=2013-01-26 |url-status=dead ))</ref><ref>Children with Tracheostomies Resource Guide, by Marilyn K. Kertoy, p. 15 ([https://books.google.com/books?id=FDHoDc5Qyr0C&dq=decannulation&pg=PA15 Google book search])</ref><ref>((cite web | url = http://www.ilpi.com/inorganic/glassware/cannula.html | title = Cannulas | work = The Glassware Gallery | author = Rob Toreki | date = 1 December 2004 | publisher = Interactive Learning ←Paradigms Incorporated))</ref><ref>((Cite web |url=http://www.jvir.org/cgi/content/full/11/8/955#SEC8 |title=Practical approach to nephrostomy |access-date=2008-06-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051103041851/http://www.jvir.org/cgi/content/full/11/8/955#SEC8 |archive-date=2005-11-03 |url-status=dead ))</ref><ref>See Mr R McElroy for details of various operations and the unintended effects of chemical cauterization</ref><ref>((cite journal|title=How a Dentist's Name Became a Synonym for a Life-saving Device: The Story of Dr. Charles Stent|journal=Journal of the History of Dentistry|date=July 2001|first=Malvin|last=Ring|volume=49|issue=2|pages=77–80|url=http://www.fauchard.org/publications/history/49_2_july01/stent49_2.htm|access-date=2008-04-01|pmid=11484317|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050428141049/http://www.fauchard.org/publications/history/49_2_july01/stent49_2.htm|archive-date=2005-04-28))</ref><ref>[http://www.straightdope.com/mailbag/msyringe.html How do they get the hole through a hypodermic needle?]</ref><ref>((cite journal
 | last = Bonfils-Roberts
 | first = E
 | date = May 1972
 | title = The Rib Spreader: A Chapter in the History of Thoracic Surgery
 | journal = Chest
 | volume = 61
 | issue = 5
 | pages = 469–474
 | issn = 0012-3692
 | pmid = 4558402
 | doi = 10.1378/chest.61.5.469
 | url = http://www.chestjournal.org/cgi/reprint/61/5/469.pdf
 | access-date = 2008-04-22
 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081217025255/http://www.chestjournal.org/cgi/reprint/61/5/469.pdf
 | archive-date = 2008-12-17
 | url-status = dead
 ))</ref><ref>((cite web|url= http://www.teleflexmedicaloem.com/pdf/KMAD-4_General.pdf|title= General Instrument Sourcebook - KMedic|access-date= 2011-02-10|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110718143226/http://www.teleflexmedicaloem.com/pdf/KMAD-4_General.pdf|archive-date= 2011-07-18|url-status= dead))</ref><ref>((cite book|title=Bailey & Love's SHORT PRACTICE OF SURGERY|edition=23rd|isbn=0-340-75949-6|last1=Russell|first1=R. C. G.|last2=Bulstrode|first2=C. J. K.|last3=Williams|first3=N. S.|date=25 April 2000|publisher=Taylor & Francis ))</ref><ref>((cite book|last=Gould|first=George M.|title=Gould's Pocket Pronouncing Medical Dictionary|edition=10th (rev)|year=1934|publisher=P. Blakiston's Son & Co., Inc.))</ref>

((Expand list|date=August 2008))

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Instrument Name
! class="unsortable" | Image
! Brief description
! Specific instruments
|-
| [[Cautery|Electrical cautery]]
| [[File:Electrocauter 00.jpg|120px]]
| Electrical surgical cauterization utilizes [[electricity]] in either a mono-polar or bi-polar format to burn soft tissue and control bleeding.<ref>((Cite journal|last=Cordero|first=Ismael|date=2015|title=Electrosurgical units – how they work and how to use them safely|journal=Community Eye Health|volume=28|issue=89|pages=15–16|issn=0953-6833|pmc=4579996|pmid=26435589))</ref>
|
* Bovie Pencil
* Monopolar Hook
* Monopolar Spatula
* Bipolar Forceps
|-
| [[Curette]]
| [[File:Uterine Curette 01.jpg|120px]]
|  for scraping or debriding biological tissue or debris in a biopsy, excision, or cleaning procedure 
|Come in various sizes and shapes
|-
| [[Dermatome (instrument)|Dermatome]]
| [[File:Dermatome.png|120px]]
| To take off a top layer of skin to implant over another area;
|
|-
| [[Forceps, Dissecting]]
| [[File:Adson 00.jpg|120px]] 
| Grasping/holding. Usually used in skin closure or small wounds
|[[Adson Tissue Forceps|Adson]]
|-
| [[Forceps, Tissue]]
| [[File:Allis clamp 01.JPG|120px]]
| Grasping/holding tissue 
|[[Allis clamp|Allis]] 
|-
| [[Forceps (Surgical Instrument)|Penetrating towel clamp]]
| [[File:Backhaus clamp.svg|120px]]
|Used to secure towels or reduce bone fragments
|[[Backhaus forceps|Backhaus penetating towel clamp]]
|-
| [[Carmalt forceps]] 
| <!--[[File:EXAMPLE|120px]] -->
| haemostatic forceps
|kalabasa
|-
| [[Cushing forceps]] 
| <!--[[File:EXAMPLE|120px]] -->
| grasping/holding
| Non-toothed dissecting forceps
|-
| [[Dandy forceps]] 
| <!--[[File:EXAMPLE|120px]] -->
| haemostatic forceps
|
|-
| [[DeBakey forceps]] 
| [[File:Debakey forceps.jpg|120px]] 
| grasping/holding
| Non-toothed dissecting forceps designed for use on blood vessels, organs, or delicate tissue
|-
| [[Doyen intestinal clamp]] 
| <!--[[File:EXAMPLE|120px]] -->
| clamps and distractors
| Non-crushing clamp designed for use on the intestines
|-
| [[Kelly forceps]] 
| [[File:Kelly Forceps.svg|120px]]
| hemostatic forceps
|
|-
| [[Kocher forceps]] 
| [[File:Kocher grossklein totale.jpg|120px]]
| hemostatic forceps
|
|-
| [[Mosquito forceps]] 
| [[File:Medical Instrument Mosquito forceps.jpg|120px]]
| hemostatic forceps
|
|-
| Hook 
| <!--[[File:EXAMPLE|120px]] -->
| retractor
|
|-
| [[Nerve hook]] 
| <!--[[File:EXAMPLE|120px]] -->
| retractor
|
|-
| [[Skin hook]] 
| <!--[[File:EXAMPLE|120px]] -->
| retractor
|
|-
| [[Scalpel|Lancet]] (scalpel)
| [[File:Various scalpels.png|120px]]
| cutting
|
|-
| [[Mammotome]] 
| [[File:Mammotome.jpg|120px]]
| 
|
|-
| [[Needle holder]]
| [[File:Needle holder2.JPG|120px]]
| grasping/holding
|[[Castroviejo needleholder|Castroviejo]] [[Crilewood needleholder|Crilewood]] [[Mayo-Hegar needleholder|Mayo-Hegar]] [[Olsen-Hegar needleholder|Olsen-Hegar]]
|-
| [[Retractor (medical)|Retractor]]
| [[File:Surgical retractor Orem 2.jpg|120px]]
| retractor
|Handheld:

* Deaver
* Weitlander
* Army-Navy
* Richardson
* Richardson-Eastmann
* Ribbon

Self-retaining:

* O'Connor-O'Sullivan
* Thompson
* Omni-Tract
|-
| [[Ultrasonic scalpel]] 
| <!--[[File:EXAMPLE|120px]] -->
| cutting
|
|-
| [[Laser scalpel]] 
| [[File:Sharplan 40C.jpg|120px]]
| cutting
|
|-
| [[Scissors]] 
| [[File:Nożyczki Mayo.svg|120px]] 
| Cutting, spreading
|May be curved or straight

* [[Iris scissors|Iris]]
* [[Metzenbaum scissors|Metzenbaum's]]
* [[Mayo scissors|Mayo]]
* [[Tenotomy scissors|Tenotomy]]
|-
| [[Speculum (medical)|Speculum]]
| [[File:Spéculum en plastique.jpg|120px]]
| Used to retract orifices. 
|
* Graves'
* Sim's
|-
| [[Suction tube]] and Yankeur suction tip 
| [[File:Yankauer Suction Tip.jpg|120px]] 
| accessories and implants
|
|-
| [[Surgical elevator]] 
| [[File:Lecluse's elevator 01.jpg|120px]]
| 
|
|-
| [[Surgical hook]] 
| [[File:Крючок хирургический трехзубый острый.jpg|120px]] 
| retractor
| 
|-
| [[Surgical knife|Surgical blade #15]]
| [[File:Surgical Blade.jpg|120px]] 
|Used to cut vessels or make small incisions
|
|-
| [[Surgical mesh]] 
| [[File:Hernia mesh 2.JPG|120px]] 
| accessories and implants
|
|-
| [[Surgical needle]] 
| [[File:Surgical needles.jpg|120px]]
| accessories and implants
|
|-
| [[Surgical sponge]] 
| <!--[[File:EXAMPLE|120px]] -->
| 
|
|-
| [[Surgical stapler|GIA stapler]]
| [[File:Surgical stapler &amp; cutter linear.JPG|120px]]
| Used to make a gastrointestinal anastamosis
|Linear stapler
|-
| [[Surgical tray]] 
| <!--[[File:EXAMPLE|120px]] -->
| 
|
|-
| [[Surgical suture|Suture]] 
| [[File:Atraumatisches Nahtmaterial 17.JPG|120px]]
| 
|
|-
| [[Tongue depressor]] 
| [[File:Lack's Longue Depressor ENT Instrument Medical.jpg|120px]]
| 
|
|-
| [[Tonsillotome]] 
| <!--[[File:EXAMPLE|120px]] -->
| 
|
|-
| [[Towel clamp]] 
| [[File:Towel Clamps 01.jpg|120px]]
| clamp
|
|-
| [[Towel forceps]] 
| <!--[[File:|120px]] -->
| clamp
|
|-
| [[Backhaus towel forceps]] 
| [[File:Backhaus clamp.svg|120px]]
| 
|
|-
| [[Lorna towel forceps|Lorna towel clamp]]
| <!--[[File:EXAMPLE|120px]] -->
|Non-penatrating towel clamp
|
|-
| [[Tracheotomy|Tracheotome]] 
| <!--[[File:EXAMPLE|120px]] -->
| 
|
|-
| [[Tissue expansion|Tissue expander]] 
| <!--[[File:EXAMPLE|120px]] -->
| accessories and implant
|
|-
| [[Subcutaneous inflatable balloon expander]] 
| <!--[[File:EXAMPLE|120px]] -->
| accessories and implants
|
|-
| [[Trepanation|Trephine]] 
| [[File:Trepan, Nordisk familjebok.png|120px]]
| cutting instrument
|
|-
| [[Trocar]] 
|[[File:Trocar family.jpg|120px]]
| Access instrument. Used to create an opening into a space without opening the abdominal cavity. A camera then inserted through one to view the inside of the space while instruments are inserted through the others to manipulate the organs.
|
|-
| [[Ultrasonic energy device]] 
| 
|  Surgical device using electrical energy that's converted to mechanical ultrasound energy typically used to dissect tissue but also seals small vessels and tissue bundles.
|

== References ==
((Reflist))

((MedInst))

[[Category:Medical lists|Surgical instruments]]
[[Category:Technology-related lists|Surgical instruments]]
[[Category:Surgical instruments| Surgical instruments]]
((DEFAULTSORT:Instruments used in Surgery))

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