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((short description|14th century sovereign duke in modern-day Belgium))
((More citations needed|date=July 2008))
((Infobox nobility
| name         = John III
| title        = [[Duke of Brabant]]<br>[[Duke of Lothier]]<br>[[Duke of Limburg]]
| image        = Jean III Brabant.jpg
| caption = John's effigy in a seal
| spouse       = [[Marie d'Évreux]]
| issue        = [[Joanna, Duchess of Brabant]]<br>[[Margaret of Brabant, Countess of Flanders|Margaret of Brabant]]<br>Marie of Brabant<br>John<br>Henry<br>Godfrey
| noble family = [[House of Reginar]]
| father       = [[John II, Duke of Brabant]]
| mother       = [[Margaret of England, Duchess of Brabant|Margaret of England]]
| birth_date   = 
| birth_place  = 1300
| death_date   = 5 December 1355
| death_place  = [[Brussels]]
|burial_place  = [[Villers Abbey]]
))
[[File:Hertog Brabant Jan III halve groot geslagen Brussel.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|Half groat or demi gros of John III, struck [[Brussels]] 1326]]
'''John III''' (((lang-nl|Jan)); 1300 – 5 December 1355) was [[Duke of Brabant]], [[Duke of Lothier|Lothier]] (1312–1355) and [[List of rulers of Limburg|Limburg]] (1312–1347 then 1349–1355).<ref>Biographical details can be found in (Alphonse Wauters), ''Biographie nationale'' (Académie royale de Belgique), vol. 10, 1889, ''s.v.'' "Jean III" pp 237-274</ref> He was the son of [[John II, Duke of Brabant]], and [[Margaret of England, Duchess of Brabant|Margaret of England]].

==John and the towns of Brabant==
The early fourteenth century, a period of economic boom for Brabant, marks the rise of the duchy's towns, which depended on imports of English wool for their essential cloth industry. During John's minority, the major towns of Brabant had the authority to appoint councillors to direct a regency, under terms of the [[Charter of Kortenberg]] granted by his father in the year of his death (1312). By 1356 his daughter and son-in-law were forced to accept the [[Joyous Entry of 1356|famous Joyous Entry]], as a condition for their recognition, so powerful had the states of Brabant become.

The marital alignment with France was tested and failed as early as 1316, when [[Louis X of France|Louis X]] requested Brabant to cease trade with Flanders and to participate in a French attack; the councillors representing the towns found this impossible, and in reprisal Louis prohibited all French trade with Brabant in February 1316, in violation of a treaty of friendship he had signed with Brabant in the previous October.

==The French alliance, 1332–1337==
After his initial period of maintaining independent neutrality from both France and England failed,<ref>The following details are drawn from Sergio Boffa, "The Duchy of Brabant caught between France and England: geopolitics and diplomacy during the first half of the Hundred Years' War", in ''The Hundred Years War: A Wider Focus'', L. J. Andrew Villalon, Donald J. Kagay, eds. vol. I, 2005.</ref> neighbouring sovereigns in the Low Countries, stimulated as a matter of policy by [[Philip VI of France]], became John's enemies; among the adversaries of John were the [[Count of Flanders]], the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Liège|prince-bishop of Liège]], and counts of [[Holland]] and [[Guelders]]. In 1332, a crisis with the king of France arose over John's hospitality to [[Robert III of Artois|Robert]], count of Artois, during his journey to eventual asylum at the English court. In response to French pressure John reminded Philip that he did not hold Brabant from him but from God alone.<ref>Boffa 2005: 216.</ref> A brief campaign of a coalition of Philip's friends came to a truce, followed by a pact at Compiègne by which John received a fief from Philip worth 2000 ''livres'' and declared himself a vassal of France. His oldest son, Jean, was betrothed to Philip's daughter Marie, and it was agreed that the Brabançon heir would complete his education at the French court in Paris and that Robert of Artois would be expelled from Brabant.

The support of France strengthened John's hand with his feudal suzerain, the [[Holy Roman Emperor]]. Though he was technically the Emperor's feudal [[vassal]], John had been able to ignore [[Emperor Louis IV]]'s summons to join him in his intended invasion of Lombardy (1327).<ref>Boffa 2005:214</ref> The separation of Brabant from the Empire was completed by the Burgundian dukes of Brabant in the fifteenth century.

Meanwhile, the princes of the Low Countries settled their differences and formed a coalition against Brabant with a defensive alliance in June 1333. War was briefly brought to the Duchy of Brabant in the summer of 1334, but resolved by a peace brokered by Philip at [[Amiens]]. The French king declared that John had to hand over the town of [[Tiel]] and its neighbouring villages [[Heerewaarden]] and [[Zandwijk]] to the count of Guelders and to betroth his daughter Marie to the count's son, Reinoud.

==The English alliance, 1337–1345==
When [[Edward III of England]] decided to press his claim to the crown of France in 1337, John, who was his first cousin, became an ally of [[Kingdom of England|England]] during the first stage of the [[Hundred Years' War]]. King Edward's diplomatic offensive to draw Brabant away from France, produced a sympathetic response from Duke John.<ref>Material in this paragraph is drawn from Boffa 2005:9f.</ref> Disrupting the staple connection between the towns of Flanders and the sources of English wool should divert it to the towns of Brabant, notably the recently established wool exchange. Edward protected Brabançon merchants in England from arrest or the confiscation of their goods, and he sweetened his offers with a promise of £60,000, an immense sum, and to make good any losses of revenue that might result from penalties by the king of France. The same month of July 1337 John promised Edward 1,200 of his men-at-arms in the event of an English campaign in France, Edward to pay their salary. In August Edward pledged not to negotiate with the king without prior consultation with the duke. The alliance, kept secret at John's insistence, came into the open when Edward landed with his troops at Antwerp July 1338. John received the promised subsidy (March 1339) and agreed in June to betroth John's second daughter, Margaret, to [[Edward, the Black Prince]], heir to the English throne. Two seasons of inconclusive campaigning that ravaged the north of France left Edward penniless at the end of 1341; he returned home, and when he returned to the fray, it was to Brittany: he never returned to the Low Countries.

==The French alliance, 1345–1355==
Though John was requesting papal dispensation for the marriage of Margaret and the Black Prince in 1343, the alliance with England unravelled as Edward's coffers emptied and his attentions turned elsewhere. In September 1345 representative of France and Brabant met at the [[Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye]] to sign preliminary agreements, and by a treaty signed at Saint-Quentin, June 1347, Brabant was retained as an ally by France. Margaret was now to marry Louis of Male, who had inherited the title of count of Flanders, but whose power over the Flemish communes was virtually nil. A point of dispute with the count of Flanders had been the [[Lordship of Mechelen]], a strategic [[enclave]] within Brabant: it was agreed that it would now come under full Brabançon control. Despite the diplomacy of Edward, John remained true to his French commitments until his death in December 1355.

== Family ==
In 1311, as his father's gesture of ''rapprochement'' with France, John married [[Marie d'Évreux]] (1303–1335), the daughter of Count [[Louis d'Évreux]] and [[Margaret of Artois]]. They had six children:
* [[Joanna, Duchess of Brabant]] (24 June 1322 – 1406). Married first to [[William IV, Count of Holland]] and second to [[Wenceslaus I, Duke of Luxembourg]].<ref>Sergio Boffa, ''Warfare in Medieval Brabant, 1356-1406'', (Boydell Press, 2004), 3.</ref>
* [[Margaret of Brabant (1323–1368)|Margaret of Brabant]] (9 February 1323 – 1368), married at [[Saint-Quentin, Aisne|Saint-Quentin]] on 6 June 1347 [[Louis II, Count of Flanders]]
* Marie of Brabant (1325 – 1 March 1399), Lady of [[Turnhout]], married at [[Tervuren]] on 1 July 1347 to [[Reginald III of Guelders]].
* John of Brabant (1327–1335/36), married Marie of France (1326–1333), daughter of King [[Philip VI of France]], but died soon after with no issue, buried in Tervueren.
* Henri of Brabant (d. 29 October 1349), Duke of Limburg and Lord of Mechelen in 1347. Died young and buried in Tervuren in 1349.
* Godfrey of Brabant (d. aft. 3 February 1352), Lord of Aarschot in 1346. Also died young and buried in Tervuren.

John also had a son born from Maria van Huldenberg, who founded the House of Brant: [[Lords of Ayseau|John I Brant, 1st Lord of Ayseau]].

In 1355, after all of his three legitimate sons had died, John was forced to declare his eldest daughter Joanna his heiress,<ref>Sergio Boffa, ''Warfare in Medieval Brabant'', 1356-1406, 3.</ref> which provoked a succession crisis after his death. John III was buried in the [[Cistercian]] [[Villers Abbey|Abbey of Villers]], Belgium. 

The standard history is Piet Avonds, ''Brabant tijdens de regering van Hertog Jan III (1312–1356)'' (Koninglijke Academie, Brussels) 1991.

==Notes==
((Reflist))

((s-start))
((s-reg))
((s-bef|before=[[John II, Duke of Brabant|John II]]))
((s-ttl|title=[[Duke of Brabant]], [[Duke of Lothier|Lothier]] and [[Duke of Limburg|Limburg]]|years=1312–1355))
((s-aft|after=[[Joanna, Duchess of Brabant|Joan]]))
((s-end))

((Authority control))

[[Category:Dukes of Brabant]]
[[Category:1300 births|Brabant, John III, Duke of]]
[[Category:1355 deaths|Brabant, John III, Duke of]]
[[Category:House of Reginar]]
[[Category:14th century in the duchy of Brabant]]
[[Category:14th-century people from the Holy Roman Empire]]
[[Category:14th-century dukes in Europe]]

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