This is a list of currently active separatist movements in South America. Separatism includes autonomism and secessionism.
Criteria
What is and is not considered an autonomist or secessionist movement is sometimes contentious. Entries on this list must meet three criteria:
- They are active movements with active members.
- They are seeking greater autonomy or self-determination for a geographic region (as opposed to personal autonomy).
- They are citizens/people of the conflict area and do not come from another country.
Under each region listed is one or more of the following:
- De facto state (de facto entity): for unrecognized regions with de facto autonomy.
- Proposed state: proposed name for a seceding sovereign state.
- Proposed autonomous area: for movements towards greater autonomy for an area but not outright secession.
Bolivia
República de Santa Cruz[18][19]
- Proposed state: República de Santa Cruz
Qullasuyu
- Proposed state: Qullasuyu
- Ethnic group: Aymara people
- Proposed state or autonomous area: Qullasuyu
- Advocacy groups for increased autonomy: Ethnocacerism, Coordinator of Indigenous Organizations of the Amazon Basin, National Confederation of Peruvian Amazonian Nationalities, Tupac Katari Guerrilla Army, Pachakuti Indigenous Movement and Indian Movement Túpac Katari, National Alliance of Workers, Farmers, Students, Reservists and Laborers (ANTAURO), Union for Peru, Go on Country, Peruvian Nationalist Party, Federation of Neighborhood Councils-El Alto
Chile
Araucanía
Patagonia
- Proposed autonomous area: Patagonia
- Pressure groups: Movimiento Independentista Patagónico[3][5][6]
Chiloé Province
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Further information (in Spanish): Regionalism in Chiloé [es]
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- Proposed autonomous area: Chiloé
Arica y Parinacota Region[24]