This is a list of current heads of state and heads of government. In some cases, mainly in presidential systems, one leader is head of state and head of government. In other cases, mainly in semi-presidential and parliamentary systems, the head of state and the head of government are different people. In semi-presidential and parliamentary systems, the head of government role (i.e. executive branch) is fulfilled by the listed head of government and the head of state.
In one-party states, the ruling party's leader (i.e. General Secretary) is usually the de facto top leader of the state, though sometimes this leader also holds the presidency or premiership. In some countries like Andorra and Vatican City (Holy See), a clergy member also acts as the head of state for both countries (Bishop of Urgell as Co-Prince of Andorra and the Pope) and head of government for the latter (President of the Governorate of Vatican City State).
The list includes the names of recently elected or appointed heads of state and government who will take office on an appointed date, as presidents-elect and prime ministers-designate, and those leading a government in exile if internationally recognised.
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Green cells indicate leaders whose offices constitutionally administer the executive of their respective state/government.
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Blue cells indicate de facto executive branch leaders whose offices lack de jure constitutional power.
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The following states are in free association with another UN member state.
State | Associated with | Head of state | Head of government |
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Cook Islands | New Zealand | King – Charles III[ν] King's Representative – Sir Tom Marsters |
Prime Minister – Mark Brown |
Niue | New Zealand | King – Charles III[ν] King's Representative – Dame Cindy Kiro[ι] |
Premier – Dalton Tagelagi |
The following states control at least part of their territory and are recognised by at least one UN member state.
State | Also claimed by | Head of state | Head of government |
---|---|---|---|
Abkhazia | Georgia | President – Aslan Bzhania | Prime Minister – Aleksander Ankvab |
Republic of China (Taiwan) | People's Republic of China | President – Lai Ching-te | Premier – Cho Jung-tai |
Kosovo | Serbia | President – Vjosa Osmani | Prime Minister – Albin Kurti |
Northern Cyprus | Cyprus | President – Ersin Tatar | Prime Minister – Ünal Üstel |
Sahrawi Republic | Morocco | General Secretary of the Polisario Front – Brahim Ghali | |
President – Brahim Ghali | Prime Minister – Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun | ||
South Ossetia | Georgia | President – Alan Gagloyev | Prime Minister – Konstantin Dzhussoyev |
The following states control their territory, but are not recognised by any UN member states.
State | Also claimed by | Head of state | Head of government |
---|---|---|---|
Somaliland | Somalia | President – Muse Bihi Abdi | |
Transnistria | Moldova | President – Vadim Krasnoselsky | Prime Minister – Aleksander Rozenberg |
These alternative governments control part of their territory and are recognised as legitimate by at least one UN member state.
These alternative governments control part of their territory, but are not recognized as legitimate by any UN member states.
Government | State | Head of state | Head of government |
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Government of National Stability | Libya | Supreme Commander of the Libyan National Army – Khalifa Haftar | |
Chairman of the Presidential Council – Mohamed al-Menfi[ξ] | Acting Prime Minister – Osama Hammad[16] | ||
Hamas government in Gaza | Palestine | Hamas Chief in the Gaza Strip – Yahya Sinwar | |
President – Mahmoud Abbas[ο] | Head of the Government Administrative Committee – Essam al-Da'alis | ||
National Unity Government | Myanmar | Acting President – Duwa Lashi La | Prime Minister – Mahn Win Khaing Than |
Syrian Salvation Government | Syria | Commander-in-Chief of Tahrir al-Sham – Abu Mohammad al-Julani[17] | |
President of the General Shura Council – Mustafa al-Mousa | Prime Minister – Ali Keda |
These alternative governments do not control their territory but are recognized as legitimate by at least one UN member state.
Government | State | Head of state | Head of government |
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Coordination Council | Belarus | President and Head of the Cabinet – Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya | |
National Assembly (2015) | Venezuela | President of the National Assembly – Dinorah Figuera[18] |