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Turkey is a parliamentary democracy with a multi-party system. Major parties are defined as political parties that received more than 10% of the votes in the latest general election and/or represented in parliament. Minor parties are defined as political parties that have fulfilled the requirements of the Supreme Election Committee (Yüksek Seçim Kurulu in Turkish, abbreviated as YSK) and whose names have been listed on ballots.
Major parties
| Parties represented in the Grand National Assembly of Turkey | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | Party Name | Abbr. | Leader(s) | Ideology | Position | MPs | Metro.Mun. | Municipalities | National Aff. | European Aff. | International Aff. | ||
| style="background-color:Template:Justice and Development Party (Turkey)/meta/color" align="center" | 1 | Justice and Development Party Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi |
AK PARTİ | Binali Yıldırım | Neo-Ottomanism[1][2] Formerly Conservative democracy[3][4] |
Right-wing | 317 / 550
|
18 / 30
|
800 / 1,351
|
- | Alliance of European Conservatives and Reformists | - | ||
| style="background-color:Template:Republican People's Party (Turkey)/meta/color" align="center" | 2 | Republican People's Party Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi |
CHP | Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu | Social democracy, Kemalism |
Centre-left | 133 / 550
|
6 / 30
|
226 / 1,351
|
- | Party of European Socialists | Socialist International | ||
| style="background-color:Template:Peoples' Democratic Party (Turkey)/meta/color" align="center" | 3 | Peoples' Democratic Party Halkların Demokratik Partisi |
HDP | Selahattin Demirtaş, Serpil Kemalbay |
Democratic socialism, Radical democracy |
Left-wing | 59 / 550
|
2 / 30
|
97 / 1,351
|
Peoples' Democratic Congress | - | - | ||
| 4 | Nationalist Movement Party Milliyetçi Hareket Partisi |
MHP | Devlet Bahçeli | Turkish nationalism, Pan-Turkism |
Far-right | 39 / 550
|
3 / 30
|
166 / 1,351
|
- | - | - | ||
| Parties below the parliamentary threshold in 2015 General Election | |||||||||||||
| 5 | Felicity Party Saadet Partisi |
SAADET | Mustafa Kamalak | Sunni Islamism, Conservatism |
Far-right | - | - | 27 / 1,351
|
- | - | - | ||
| 6 | Great Union Party Büyük Birlik Partisi |
BBP | Mustafa Destici | Sunni Islamism, Conservatism |
Far-right | - | - | 6 / 1,351
|
- | - | - | ||
| style="background-color:Template:Patriotic Party (Turkey)/meta/color" align="center" | 7 | Patriotic Party Vatan Partisi |
Vatan Partisi | Doğu Perinçek | Kemalism, Left-wing nationalism |
Left-wing | - | - | 0 / 1,351
|
- | - | - | ||
| style="background-color:Template:Rights and Freedoms Party (Turkey)/meta/color" align="center" | 8 | Rights and Freedoms Party Hak ve Özgürlükler Partisi |
HAK-PAR | Vacant | Kurdish nationalism | Centre-right | - | - | 0 / 1,351
|
- | - | - | ||
| 9 | People's Liberation Party Halkın Kurtuluş Partisi |
HKP | Nurullah Ankut | Marxism–Leninism, Kıvılcımlıism |
Far-left | - | - | 0 / 1,351
|
- | - | - | ||
| style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (Turkey, current)/meta/color" align="center" | 10 | Democratic Party Demokrat Parti |
DP | Gültekin Uysal | Economic liberalism, Conservatism |
Centre-right | - | - | 14 / 1,351
|
- | - | - | ||
| style="background-color:Template:Independent Turkey Party/meta/color" align="center" | 11 | Independent Turkey Party Bağımsız Türkiye Partisi |
BTP | Haydar Baş | National Economy Model, Alevi and Shia rights |
Centre | - | - | 0 / 1,351
|
- | - | - | ||
| 12 | Communist Party Komünist Parti |
KP | Arif Hikmet Basa | Communism, Marxism–Leninism |
Far-left | - | - | 1 / 1,351
|
United June Movement | Initiative of Communist and Workers' Parties | International Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties | ||
| 13 | Democratic Left Party Demokratik Sol Parti |
DSP | Önder Aksakal | Democratic socialism, Kemalism |
Centre-left | - | - | 5 / 1,351
|
- | - | - | ||
| 14 | Liberal Democratic Party Liberal Demokrat Parti |
LDP | Gültekin Tırpancı | Classical liberalism | Centre | - | - | 1 / 1,351
|
- | - | - | ||
| 15 | Nation Party Millet Partisi |
MİLLET | Aykut Edibali | Conservatism, Turkish nationalism | Right-wing | - | - | 1 / 1,351
|
- | - | - | ||
| 16 | True Path Party Doğru Yol Partisi |
DYP | Çetin Özaçıkgöz | Economic liberalism, Conservatism |
Centre-right | - | - | 0 / 1,351
|
- | - | - | ||
| Source: "Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi Milletvekilleri Dağılımı" (in Turkish). Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi. "30 Mart 2014 Mahalli İdareler Genel Seçimleri Resmi Gazeteye Gönderilen Seçim Sonuçları" (in Turkish). Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Yüksek Seçim Kurulu. | |||||||||||||
Minor parties
| Minor parties did not participate in the 2015 General Election | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party Name | Abbr. | Position | |||||||||||
| Communist Party of Turkey 1920 Türkiye Komünist Partisi 1920 |
TKP 1920 | Left-wing | |||||||||||
| Freedom and Solidarity Party Özgürlük ve Dayanışma Partisi |
ÖDP | Left-wing | |||||||||||
| Socialist Alternative Sosyalist Alternatif |
SA | Left-wing, Marxist, Trotskyist, Committee for a Workers International | |||||||||||
| Labour Party Emek Partisi |
EMEP | Left-wing | |||||||||||
| People's Communist Party of Turkey Halkın Türkiye Komünist Partisi |
HTKP | Left-wing | |||||||||||
| Revolutionary Socialist Workers' Party Devrimci Sosyalist İşçi Partisi |
DSİP | Left-wing | |||||||||||
| Revolutionary Workers' Party Devrimci İşçi Partisi |
DİP | Left-wing | |||||||||||
| Socialist Democracy Party Sosyalist Demokrasi Partisi |
SDP | Left-wing | |||||||||||
| Socialist Workers' Party of Turkey Türkiye Sosyalist İşçi Partisi |
TSİP | Left-wing | |||||||||||
| Democratic Regions Party Demokratik Bölgeler Partisi |
DBP | Kurdish nationalism | |||||||||||
| Participatory Democracy Party Katılımcı Demokrasi Partisi |
KADEP | Kurdish nationalism | |||||||||||
| Democracy Party of Turkey & Kurdistan Türkiye Kürdistan Demokrasi Partisi |
T-KDP | Kurdish nationalism | |||||||||||
| Alternative Party Alternatif Parti |
AP | Conservative | |||||||||||
| Alternative and Change Party Alternatif ve Değişim Partisi |
AL PARTİ | Conservative | |||||||||||
| Conservative Ascension Party Muhafazakâr Yükseliş Partisi |
MYP | Conservative | |||||||||||
| Nation and Justice Party Millet ve Adalet Partisi |
MİLAD | Conservative | |||||||||||
| Homeland Party Yurt Partisi |
YURT-P | Conservative | |||||||||||
| Motherland Party Anavatan Partisi |
ANAP | Liberal | |||||||||||
| People's Ascent Party Halkın Yükselişi Partisi |
HYP | Liberal | |||||||||||
| Turkey's Change Movement Türkiye Değişim Hareketi |
TDH | Liberal | |||||||||||
| Great Turan Movement Party Büyük Turan Hareketi Partisi |
TURAN | Nationalism, Turanism | |||||||||||
| Social Reconciliation Reform and Development Party Toplumsal Uzlaşma Reform ve Kalkınma Partisi |
TURK-P | Nationalism | |||||||||||
| National Party Ulusal Parti |
ULUSAL | Nationalism | |||||||||||
| New Party Yeni Parti |
- | Nationalism | |||||||||||
| Independent Republic Party Bağımsız Cumhuriyet Partisi |
BCP | Nationalism | |||||||||||
| Rights and Equality Party Hak ve Eşitlik Partisi |
HEPAR | Nationalism | |||||||||||
| National Struggle Party Milli Mücadele Partisi |
MMP | Nationalism | |||||||||||
| Greens and the Left Party of the Future Yeşiller ve Sol Gelecek Partisi |
- | Green politics | |||||||||||
| Greens Party (Turkey) Yeşiller Partisi |
- | Green politics | |||||||||||
| Women's Party (Turkey) Kadın Partisi |
- | Feminism | |||||||||||
| Electronic Democracy Party Elektronik Demokrasi Partisi |
e-Parti | Centre | |||||||||||
| Centre Party (Turkey) Merkez Parti |
- | Centre | |||||||||||
| Young Party Genç Parti |
GP | Centre | |||||||||||
Defunct and historical parties
These are some of the parties that were dismantled because of their internal dynamics, mergers, inability to find electoral base or through governmental intervention, for instance following the coups.
| Defunct and historical parties | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party Name | Position | Notes | |||||||||||
| Anatolia Party (Anadolu Partisi) | Left-wing | dissolved in 2015 | |||||||||||
| Democratic Left People's Party (Demokratik Sol Halk Partisi) | Left-wing | dissolved in 2010 | |||||||||||
| New Turkey Party (2002) (Yeni Türkiye Partisi) | Left-wing | joined CHP in 2004 | |||||||||||
| Social Democracy Party (SODEP) (Sosyal Demokrat Parti) | Left-wing | merged with People's Party to form Social Democrat People's Party (SDHP) in 1985 | |||||||||||
| People's Party (Halkçı Parti) | Left-wing | merged with SODEP to form Social Democrat People's Party (SDHP) in 1985 | |||||||||||
| Social Democratic Populist Party | Left-wing | merged with CHP in 1995 | |||||||||||
| Republican Villagers Nation Party (Cumhuriyetçi Köylü Millet Partisi, CKMP) | Nationalist | merger of two parties, replaced by MHP in 1969 | |||||||||||
| Nationalist Task Party (Milliyetçi Çalışma Partisi, MÇP) | Nationalist | replaced by MHP in 1992 | |||||||||||
| Nationalist Democracy Party (Milliyetçi Demokrasi Partisi, MDP) | Nationalist | dissolved 1986 | |||||||||||
| Greens of Turkey (Yeşiller Partisi) | Green politics | merged with EDP to form Greens and the Left Party of the Future (Yeşiller ve Sol Gelecek Partisi) in 2012. | |||||||||||
| Equality and Democracy Party (Eşitlik ve Demokrasi Partisi, EDP) | Green politics | merged with the Greens to form Greens and the Left Party of the Future (Yeşiller ve Sol Gelecek Partisi) in 2012. | |||||||||||
| Justice Party (Adalet Partisi) | Conservative, right-wing | closed on 12 September 1980 | |||||||||||
| Democratic Party (Demokrat Parti) | Conservative, right-wing | 1946-1961 | |||||||||||
| Nation Party (Millet Partisi) | Conservative, right-wing | 1948–1953 and 1962–1977 | |||||||||||
| Democratic Party (Demokrat Parti) | Conservative, right-wing | 1970-1980 | |||||||||||
| Democratic Center Party (Demokratik Merkez Partisi, DMP) | Conservative, right-wing | merged into DYP on September 14, 1991 | |||||||||||
| True Path Party (Doğru Yol Partisi, DYP) | Conservative, right-wing | merged with Motherland Party into Democrat Party (Turkey, 2007) in 2007 | |||||||||||
| New Turkey Party (1961) (Yeni Türkiye Partisi) | Conservative, right-wing | joined to Justice Party in 1973 | |||||||||||
| People's Voice Party (Halkın Sesi Partisi, HAS PARTİ) | Conservative, right-wing | dissolved in 2012 | |||||||||||
| Turkey Party (Türkiye Partisi, TP) | Conservative, right-wing | dissolved in 2012 | |||||||||||
| Liberal Republican Party (Serbest Cumhuriyet Fırkası) | Liberal | dissolved itself in 1929 | |||||||||||
| Liberty Party (Hürriyet Partisi) | Liberal | joined CHP in 1958 | |||||||||||
| National Salvation Party (Milli Selâmet Partisi) | Sunni Islamist | closed on 12 September 1980 | |||||||||||
| National Development Party | Sunni Islamist | ||||||||||||
Banned parties
These are some of the parties that were banned through extraordinary courts or the Constitutional Court of Turkey.
| Banned parties | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party Name | Position | Notes | |||||||||||
| Fatherland Party (Vatan Partisi) | Left-wing | banned in 1954 | |||||||||||
| Workers Party of Turkey (Türkiye İşçi Partisi, TİP) | Left-wing | banned in 1971, represented in the national senate in early 1960s. (1961–1987) eventually merged with the Communist Party of Turkey in 1987. | |||||||||||
| United Communist Party of Turkey (Türkiye Birleşik Komünist Partisi) | Left-wing | banned in 1991; ban found contrary to Article 11 (freedom of association) of the European Convention on Human Rights, 1998 (1987–1991) | |||||||||||
| Labour Party (Turkey) (Emek Partisi) | Left-wing | ban found contrary to Article 11 (freedom of association) of the European Convention on Human Rights, 2005, and re-established | |||||||||||
| Progressive Republican Party (Terakkiperver Cumhuriyet Fırkası, TCF) | Conservative | banned on 3 June 1925 (1924–1925) | |||||||||||
| National Order Party (Milli Nizam Partisi) | Sunni Islamist | banned on 20 May 1971 (1970–1971) | |||||||||||
| Welfare Party (Refah Partisi) | Sunni Islamist | banned on 16 January 1998; (1983-1998)
ban upheld by European Convention on Human Rights 2003 | |||||||||||
| Virtue Party (Fazilet Partisi) | Sunni Islamist | banned on 22 June 2001; (1998-2001) ECHR case withdrawn by applicant 2005 | |||||||||||
| People's Labor Party (Halkın Emek Partisi) | Kurdish nationalist | banned in July 1993 (1990-1993) | |||||||||||
| Democracy Party (Demokrasi Partisi, DEP) | Kurdish nationalist | banned on 16 June 1994; found contrary to Article 11 (freedom of association) of the European Convention on Human Rights, 2002 (1993-1994) | |||||||||||
| People’s Democracy Party (Halkın Demokrasi Partisi, HADEP) | Kurdish nationalist | banned on 13 March 2003; found contrary to Article 11 (freedom of association) of the European Convention on Human Rights, 2010 (1994-2003) | |||||||||||
| Democratic Society Party (Demokratik Toplum Partisi, DTP) | Kurdish nationalist | banned on 11 December 2009; ECHR case ongoing (2005-2009) | |||||||||||
| Great Turkey Party (Büyük Türkiye Partisi) | Turkish nationalist | banned in 1983 | |||||||||||
See also
- Politics of Turkey
- List of political parties by country
- Communist Party of Turkey (disambiguation)
- List of illegal political parties in Turkey
- List of historical parties in Turkey
- Turkish general elections before 1980
- Turkish general elections after 1980
References
- ^ "Düşünmek Taraf Olmaktır". taraf.com.tr. Archived from the original on 26 June 2015. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
((cite web)): Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Osman Rifat Ibrahim. "AKP and the great neo-Ottoman travesty". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
- ^ "Revisiting AKP's 'Conservative Democracy' as an Empty Signifier in Turkish Politics: What Purchase for 'Europeanisation'? - Basak Alpan". uaces.org. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
((cite web)): Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Basak Alpan. "AKP's 'Conservative Democracy' as an Empty Signifier in Turkish Politics: Shifts and Challenges after 2002". academia.edu. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
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