Local [ethnic] nationalism | |||||||||
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Traditional Chinese | 地方民族主義 | ||||||||
Simplified Chinese | 地方民族主义 | ||||||||
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Alternative Chinese name | |||||||||
Traditional Chinese | 狹隘民族主義 | ||||||||
Simplified Chinese | 狭隘民族主义 | ||||||||
Literal meaning | Narrow nationalism | ||||||||
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Local ethnic nationalism,[1][2][3] simply local nationalism[4] or local ethnic chauvinism[5] refers to a form of nationalism that divides China (PRC) by refusing to unite with the Han Chinese by focusing only on the 'national/ethnic interests' (民族利益) of ethnic minorities in China.
In mainland China, "local ethnic nationalism/chauvinism" contrasts with "Han nationalism" (or "Han chauvinism"), but both are perceived[by whom?] as divisive ideas.[6]
From the 1930s to 1945, the Japanese imperialists proclaimed the idea of "national liberation" (民族解放, minzu jiefang) and "national self-determination" (民族自決, minzu zijue) to encourage the separation of Northeast China and North China from the rest of the country.[7]
In the 1950s, Taiwan Democratic Self-Government League leader Xie Xuehong supported Taiwanese self-determination than radical Chinese reunification, which led to her being accused of being a "local ethnic nationalist" during the Anti-Rightist Campaign.[8]
On September 1, 1979, Deng Xiaoping, while listening to the report of the 14th National Conference on United Front Work, said: There are indeed many problems in the national work to which attention should be paid; the current issue is how to strengthen national unity and oppose 'great Han-ism' (大漢族主義) and 'local ethnic nationalism' (地方民族主義), and there is also 'great [ethnic] nationalism' (大民族主義) in some ethnic minorities.[9]
Main article: Hong Kong nationalism |
See also: Localism in Hong Kong and Localist camp |
Hong Kong nationalism recognizes Hongkongers as individual minzu as distinct from "Chinese nation/ethnicity".
The term minzu (民族) may mean "ethnic group" depending on the context, but may also mean "nation" in a broad sense. Therefore, Hong Kong nationalists who reject the concept of "Chinese nation/ethnicity" (中華民族) and insist on "Hong Konger nation/ethnicity" (香港民族) can also be called "local [ethnic] nationalism" (地方民族主義).[10]