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((short description|Roman politician and soldier))
((About|the father of the assassin of [[Julius Caesar]]|other people named "Brutus"|Brutus (disambiguation)))

'''Marcus Junius Brutus''' (died 77&nbsp;BC) was a [[plebeian tribune]] of the [[Roman Republic]] in 83&nbsp;BC and the founder of the [[Colonia (Roman)|colony]] in [[Capua]]. He was an associate of [[Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (consul 78 BC)|Marcus Aemilius Lepidus]], who led a revolt against the senate after the death of [[Sulla]]. He was captured by Pompey and treacherously executed.((sfn|Badian|2012)) He was the father of a [[Marcus Junius Brutus|homonymous son]], who [[Assassination of Julius Caesar|assassinated Julius Caesar]] in 44.

== Biography ==

He served as [[tribune of the plebs]] in 83&nbsp;BC.<ref>((Cite book |last=Treggiari |first=Susan |title=Servilia and her Family |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2019 |isbn=978-0-19-186792-7 |chapter=Adolescence and Marriage to Brutus (c. 88–78) |pages=70–87 |doi=10.1093/oso/9780198829348.003.0004))</ref> During his year, he passed a bill establishing a colony at Capua.((sfn|Broughton|1952|p=63))

In 77&nbsp;BC, Brutus was stationed, probably as a [[Legatus|legate]], under Lepidus in [[Cisalpine Gaul]].((sfn|Broughton|1952|p=91))((sfn|Tempest|2017|p=24)) He was allied with [[Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (consul 78 BC)|Marcus Aemilius Lepidus]], who as consul was agitating against Sulla's constitutional settlement and opposed a state funeral for the dictator after his death.((sfn|Flower|2010|p=140)) He also "took up the cause of those who had lost their civil or political rights under Sulla's reforms".((sfn|Tempest|2017|p=24)) Lepidus turned to violence and raised an army against his consular colleague [[Quintus Lutatius Catulus Capitolinus|Quintus Lutatius Catulus]] when Catulus successfully blocked constitutional reform.((sfn|Flower|2010|p=140))

Lepidus' army was defeated outside of Rome by Catulus' forces. Some sources assert that Pompey or both Catulus and Pompey were responsible, but the most reliable narratives mention Catulus only.((sfn|Golden|2013|p=122–24))<ref>((harvnb|Broughton|1952|p=90|ps=. "[Florus] wrongly places Pompey's battle at Rome".))</ref> Brutus was stationed at [[Mutina]], where he defended the stronghold against [[Pompey]], who had been sent by the senate to dislodge him.((sfn|Plut. ''Pomp.''|loc=16.3)) He withstood Pompey's attacks for some time, but was eventually surrendered – his troops either turned on him or he surrendered of his own accord – after which he was allowed to go free.  Following this, he went to the town of [[Regium Lepidi]], where he was murdered by Pompey's close ally Geminius.<ref name=Leach42/> According to [[Plutarch]],

<blockquote>For Brutus, whether he himself betrayed his army, or whether his army changed sides and betrayed him, put himself in the hands of Pompey, and receiving an escort of horsemen, retired to a little town upon the Po. Here, after a single day had passed, he was slain by Geminius, who was sent by Pompey to do the deed.((sfn|Plut. ''Pomp.''|loc=16.4))</blockquote>

Pompey forwarded to Rome the news of his surrender and execution. The senate blamed Pompey for the perfidious act. John Leach, in his biography of Pompey, defends his subject by arguing that Brutus "presumably began to whip up further support for Lepidus (the name of the town suggests that there were hereditary clients of his there)" and so Pompey was "forced" to send Geminius to Regium Lepidi to recapture and execute him.<ref name=Leach42>((Cite book |last=Leach |first=John |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=46oTAQAAIAAJ |title=Pompey the Great |date=1978 |publisher=Croom Helm |isbn=978-0-8476-6035-3 |page=42))</ref> The incident would later be used as anti-Pompeian propaganda to brand the general as a "teenaged butcher".<ref>((harvnb|Tempest|2017|p=24|ps=. See also [[Valerius Maximus|Val Max]] 6.2.8.))</ref>

Brutus is quoted by [[Cicero]], who says he was well skilled in public and private law.<ref>[[Cicero|Cic.]] ''[[Brutus (Cicero)|Brut.]]'' 36.</ref>

== Family ==
He was the first husband to [[Servilia (mother of Brutus)|Servilia]], the elder half-sister of [[Cato the Younger]]. His homonymous son by Servilia is the Marcus Junius Brutus who was one of the chief assassins of [[Julius Caesar]].((sfn|Tempest|2017|p=24))((sfn|Badian|2012))
((Brutus family tree))

==See also==
* [[Junia gens]]
* [[Servilia (mother of Brutus)|Servilia]], his wife
* [[Marcus Junius Brutus]], his homonymous son

==References==
'''Citations'''
((Reflist|15em))

'''Sources'''
((refbegin|30em))
* ((Cite encyclopedia |last=Badian |first=Ernst |title=Iunius Brutus, Marcus |encyclopedia=The Oxford classical dictionary |year=2012 |editor-last1=Hornblower |editor-first1=Simon |display-editors=etal |isbn=978-0-19-954556-8 |edition=4th |oclc=959667246 |publisher=Oxford University Press |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.3439 ))
* ((cite book |last=Broughton |first=Thomas Robert Shannon |year=1952 |title=The magistrates of the Roman republic |location=New York |publisher=American Philological Association |author-link=Thomas Robert Shannon Broughton |volume=2))
* ((Cite book |last=Flower |first=Harriet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p2eYDwAAQBAJ |title=Roman republics |year=2010 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-14043-8 |lccn=2009004551 ))
* ((Cite book |last=Golden |first=Gregory K |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/842919750 |title=Crisis management during the Roman Republic |date=2013 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-107-05590-2 |oclc=842919750))
* ((Cite book |author=Plutarch |chapter=Life of Pompey |title=Parallel Lives |url=https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Plutarch/Lives/Pompey*.html|access-date=2021-04-26 |publisher=Loeb Classical Library |year=1917 |orig-year=2nd century AD |translator-first=Bernadotte |translator-last=Perrin |ref=((harvid|Plut. ''Pomp.'')) |via=LacusCurtius ))
* ((cite book |last=Tempest |year=2017 |first=Kathryn |title=Brutus: The Noble Conspirator |publisher=Yale University Press |place=London |isbn=978-0-300-18009-1 |url=((googlebooks|mmo3DwAAQBAJ|plainurl=y)) ))
((refend))


((DEFAULTSORT:Junius Brutus, Marcus))
[[Category:77 BC deaths]]
[[Category:1st-century BC Romans]]
[[Category:Ancient Roman murder victims]]
[[Category:Family of Marcus Junius Brutus]]
[[Category:Family of Servilia (mother of Brutus)]]
[[Category:Junii Bruti|Marcus]]
[[Category:Tribunes of the plebs]]

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