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((More citations needed|date=March 2020))
((Infobox street
| name                    =Mokhovaya Street
| native_name             =((native name|ru|Моховая улица))
| coordinates             =((Coord|59|56|32.20|N|30|20|43.12|E|display=title))
|image = Моховая улица (Санкт-Петербург).jpg
|image_size = 310px
| caption                 =View from ((ill|Pestelya Street|ru|Улица Пестеля (Санкт-Петербург)))
| length_m                =920
))

'''Mokhovaya Street''' is a street in [[Saint Petersburg]], [[Russia]]. The avenue runs from the ((ill|Chaykovskogo Street|ru|Улица Чайковского (Санкт-Петербург))) to ((ill|Belinskogo Street|ru|Улица Белинского (Санкт-Петербург))) for approximately 920 m. The street has high socio-cultural value due to numerous historical buildings and monuments of the 18th-20th centuries.

== Etymology ==
The modern street's name ''Mokhovaya'' is a derivative from ''Chamovaya'', which dates back to 1720s, when the local road ran along the Chamovnicheskian Sloboda (the weavers' settlement, where workers from the ((ill|Particular Wharf|ru|Партикулярная верфь|lt=Wharf)) and the [[Admiralty building, Saint Petersburg|Admiralty]] lived). It was granted the status of a city street in 1757, and the name ''Mokhovaya'' became official in 1826.

== History ==
In the early 18th century, the territory of modern Mokhovaya street was swampland and covered by forest. The land was drained and cultivated to allow the construction of the first city Wharf. Soon, the Chamovnicheskian sloboda was established here. Originally inhabited by weavers, with time it grew and was inhabited by soldiers, officers, Court cooks, beer and [[kvas]] brewers. Also, the first city builders lived here, from clerks to architects and employees of the Royal City and Garden Construction Bureau.

By the late 18th century, the social strata of local inhabitants changed to more wealthy citizens like prosperous merchants and even some noblemen, such as the [[Stroganov family|Stroganovs]], the Skvaronskys, the [[Vorontsov]]s, etc. In 1834, the historian ((ill|Aleksandr  Bashutsky|ru|Башуцкий, Александр Павлович)) called the [[Liteyny Avenue|Liteyny district]] (that includes Mokhovaya street) "the tsardom of a most exquisite circle, inhabited by creme de la creme of modern high society". The central, but quiet and cozy street attracted many literary and scientific figures, who rented apartments here.

Until the mid 19th century, the street still had some small wooden houses (1-2 storeys high), the pavements were also made of wood and sided by the shallow drains. Water pipes were installed in the 1840-1860s, the carriageway was cobbled in the mid 18th century. Every household was in charge of the street section next to its house. In the 1830s, the cobbles were replaced by timber blocks, which significantly reduced the noise from horse carriages. The asphalt covering of the road was made in the 1930s.((sfn|Dubin|Broytman|2004))

In the mid 19th century, the city government prohibited construction of wooden buildings facing the main streets, so the look of the street began to change. Many prominent architects like [[Ippolit Monighetti]], [[Victor Schröter]], [[Leon Benois]], and [[Fyodor Lidval]] constructed impressive private mansions and revenue houses on Mokhovaya Street for noble families, such as the [[Obolensky]]s, the [[Skarzynski]]s,<ref>https://novosti-n.org/analitic/read/1578.html</ref> the [[Tolstoy family|Tolstoys]], the [[Grabbe family|Grabbe]]s, the Dashkovs, etc. Most of them were built in the end of 19th - beginning of the 20th century.((sfn|Isachenko|1998))

The street remained largely unchanged during the [[Soviet Union|Soviet period]]. Only four houses were constructed after the [[Russian Revolution]] in 1917, two buildings were topped with additional floors, but mainly the reconstructions spared the original appearance. In [[World War II]] a [[Nazi Germany|German]] bomb destroyed house No.23/10. The rest of the buildings were damaged mostly by improper usage. The restoration lasted for nearly a decade, from the mid 1940s to the mid 1950s. In that period, the central heating was changed from stove to steam, so the wood sheds in the courtyards were replaced by new stone house wings, children's playgrounds, and auxiliary buildings.<ref>((Cite book|last=G|first=Frank, Ben|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l3SKDgAAQBAJ&dq=Mokhovaya+street+history&pg=PT179|title=A Travel Guide to Jewish Russia & Ukraine|date=2010-09-23|publisher=Pelican Publishing|isbn=978-1-4556-1328-1|language=en))</ref>

== Historical buildings and monuments ==
[[File:Church of Simeon and Anna in 1860s.jpg|thumb|The ((ill|Church of Simeon and Anna (Saint Petersburg)|ru|Церковь Симеона и Анны (Санкт-Петербург)|lt=Church of Simeon and Anna)) in the 1860s, Mokhovaya, 48]]
* No.3 — the nineteenth century mansion of Russian diplomat ((ill|Mikhail Ustinov|ru|Устинов, Михаил Михайлович)). The original building of the 1780s was reconstructed in the early 19th century by ((ill|Aleksandr Poel|ru|Пель, Александр Христофорович)), then rebuilt in 1875–1876 by [[Victor Schröter]] in vivid [[baroque]] style. From 1857 the writer [[Ivan Goncharov]] rented an apartment on the first floor.<ref>((cite web
 |url         = https://topspb.tv/programs/stories/465939/
 |title       = Уют и роскошь на Моховой. Сказочные интерьеры особняка Михаила Устинова
|language=ru
|trans-title=Cozy and Luxurious Interiors on Mokhovaya street: Fairy-tale of Ustinoff’s Mansion
 |publisher   = TopSPb.tv
 |date        = 2017-10-16
 |accessdate  = 2020-02-25
))</ref><ref>((cite web
 |url         = https://gazeta.spb.ru/1813214-0/
 |title       = Маршрут на час. Моховая улица
|language=ru
|trans-title=One Hour Route: Mokhovaya Street
 |publisher   = Gazeta SPb
 |date        = 2015-03-05
 |accessdate  = 2020-02-25
))</ref>
* No.10 — the nineteenth century mansion was bought by Count [[Illarion Vorontsov-Dashkov]] in the early 1910s. In 1913-1914 [[Ivan Fomin]] reconstructed the interiors in [[Neoclassical architecture|Neoclassical style]].
* No.15 — the mansion of M. V. Shtifter, reconstructed in 1912 by ((ill|Ludomir-Flavian Khoynovsky|ru|Хойновский, Людомир-Флавиан Людомирович)) in the baroque style. A building existed on this site as early as in 1748, it was expanded with court wings in the 1870s by [[Pavel Suzor]].<ref>((cite web
 |language      = ru
 |url         = http://docs.cntd.ru/document/9101337
 |title       ="О взятии под охрану недвижимых памятников градостроительства и архитектуры Санкт-Петербурга и пригородов (с изменениями на 29 января 2001 года)"
 |trans-title      =Preservation order on historical and cultural heritage sites of Saint Petersburg (updated 2001/01/21)
 |publisher   = St Petersburg Government
 |date        = 1991-01-31
 |accessdate  = 2020-02-25
))</ref>
* No.27-29 — The site of a four-storey mansion built in 1882 by architect ((ill|Aleksandr Krasovsky|ru|Красовский, Александр Фёдорович)) for the ((ill|Kornilov family|ru|Корниловы)). It was later rented by a women's private preparatory school. It was replaced in 1897–1898 by two modern [[revenue house]]s built by architect [[Leon Benois]].<ref>((cite web
 |url         = https://tools.wmflabs.org/ru_monuments/wikivoyage.php?id=7802164000
 |title       =Russian Cultural Heritage in St Petersburg 
 |accessdate  = 2020-02-25
))</ref>((sfn|Isachenko|1998|p=549))
*  No.34 — the mansion of N. V. Bezobrazova, wife of Russian general ((ill|Vladimir Mikhailovich Bezobrazov|ru|Безобразов, Владимир Михайлович)), built in 1902-1904 by ((ill|Jules-Louis-Auguste Benois|ru|Бенуа, Юлий Юльевич)) and ((ill|Aleksandr Vladovsky|ru|Владовский, Александр Игнатьевич)). After the [[Russian Revolution]], in 1922 the building was given to the [[Bryantsev Youth Theatre]], then in 1962 - to the [[Russian State Institute of Performing Arts]].<ref>((cite web
 |language      = ru
 |url         = http://www.sobaka.ru/city/city/100268
 |title       = Реставрацию главного корпуса РГИСИ на Моховой улице в Петербурге проведут до 2024 года
|trans-title=Russian State Institute of Performing Arts Main Building to be restored in 2024
 |publisher   = Sobaka.ru
 |date        = 2019-11-27
 |accessdate  = 2020-01-29
))</ref><ref>((cite web
 |language      = ru
 |url         = https://tass.ru/kultura/7212839
 |title       = Конкурс на реставрацию комплекса РГИСИ в Петербурге объявят в 2020 году
|trans-title=Restoration Tender on RSIPA Main Building to Open in 2020
 |publisher   = TASS
 |date        = 2019-11-27
 |accessdate  = 2020-01-29
))</ref>
* No. 33-35 — the former building of ((ill|Tenishev's school|ru|Тенишевское училище)). Count ((ill|Vyacheslav Tenishev|ru|Тенишев, Вячеслав Николаевич)) was a scientist and major philanthropist. He established his private school in 1898 and in 1900 moved it into the house built for it on Mokhovaya Street by engineer ((ill|Richard Berzen|ru|Берзен, Ричард Андреевич)). The school became one of the most respectable in the city. Among its graduates were [[Osip Mandelstam]], [[Vladimir Nabokov]], [[Vladimir Pozner (writer)|Vladimir Pozner]] and others.<ref>((cite web
 |author      = Miropolskaya, R. A.
 |url         = https://www.nrfmir.ru/en/content/data-v-istorii120-let-tenishevskomu-uchilishchu
 |title       = 120 Anniversary of Tenishev's School
 |publisher   = "MIR" Restoration centre
 |date        = 2018-09-19
 |accessdate  = 2020-02-25
))</ref>
*  No.48 — the ((ill|Church of Simeon and Anna (Saint Petersburg)|ru|Церковь Симеона и Анны (Санкт-Петербург)|lt=Church of Simeon and Anna)), built in 1731–1734 by [[Mikhail Zemtsov]] and ((ill|Johann Friedrich Blank|de)). It replaced the wooden church of [[Michael (archangel)|St Michael]] (1712–1714), built by order of [[Peter the Great]] in celebration of his daughter [[Anna of Russia|Anna]]'s birthday.((sfn|Zhigalo|Tukinyan|2011))
<gallery>
File:Mohovaya 3.JPG|Mokhovaya, 3, Ustinov's mansion
File:Моховая 27-29 01.jpg|Mokhovaya, 27–29, Revenue houses of 'Rossiya' insurance society
File:St. Petersburg State Theatre Arts Academy.jpg|Mokhovaya, 34, State Theatre Arts Academy
</gallery>

== References ==
((reflist))

== Sources==
*((cite book
 |last1=Dubin
 |first1=A.
 |last2=Broytman
 |first2=L.
 |year=2004
 |title=Моховая улица
|trans-title=Mokhovaya street
|language=ru
 |location=Moscow
 |publisher=Tsentrpoligraph
 |isbn=5-9524-1031-6
 |ref=
))
*((cite book
 |last=Isachenko
 |first=V.
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uoEwAQAAIAAJ&q=%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F+27-29
 |year=1998
 |title=Зодчие Санкт-Петербурга, XIX – начало XX века
|trans-title=St Petersburg Architects in XIX – Early XX Centuries
 |location=St Petersburg
 |publisher=Lenizdat
|isbn= 5-289-01586-8
 |ref=
))
*((cite book
 |last1=Zhigalo
 |first1=M. V.
 |last2=Tukinyan
 |first2=I. A.
 |year=2011
 |title=Самые известные храмы Санкт-Петербурга
|trans-title=The most famous churches of Saint Petersburg
 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8Sa7AAAAQBAJ&dq=%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C+%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%86%D0%B0+%D0%B8+%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B+%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B&pg=PT203 |publisher=AST
 |isbn=978-5-17-070319-7
))

[[Category:Streets in Saint Petersburg]]
[[Category:Tsentralny District, Saint Petersburg]]

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