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((Short description|Largest political party not in power))
((EngvarB|date=October 2017))
((Use dmy dates|date=October 2017))
((More citations needed|date=December 2017))
((Politics of New Zealand|expanded=Legislature))

The '''Official Opposition''' (formally '''His Majesty's Loyal Opposition''') in [[New Zealand]] is usually the largest political party or coalition which is not a member of the ruling [[New Zealand Government|government]]—it does not provide [[Ministers of the New Zealand Government|ministers]]. This is usually the second-largest party in the [[New Zealand House of Representatives|House of Representatives]], although in certain unusual circumstances it may be the largest party (due to a larger government bloc) or even a third or fourth party.

The Official Opposition forms a [[shadow cabinet]] headed by the [[Leader of the Opposition (New Zealand)|leader of the Opposition]] and comprising senior [[member of Parliament|MPs]] with the same [[ministry (government department)|portfolio]] interests as the government's ministers. Unlike in the [[United Kingdom]], where members of the shadow cabinet are called "shadow ministers," the members of New Zealand's shadow cabinet are called "opposition spokespeople."

==Overview==
The Opposition aims to hold the government accountable and to present itself to the national electorate as a credible government in waiting. For example, during [[Question Time]], Opposition spokespersons will ask questions of ministers with the aim of highlighting a weakness or embarrassing the government. Oppositions also engage in parliamentary gestures such as [[no-confidence motion|refusal to grant confidence]] or voting down the [[New Zealand budget|budget]].<ref>((cite web |last1=Schmitz |first1=Gerald |title=The opposition in a Parliamentary system |url=http://publications.gc.ca/collections/Collection-R/LoPBdP/BP/bp47-e.htm |publisher=Political and Social Affairs Division, [[Government of Canada]] |access-date=26 May 2019 |date=December 1988))</ref>

With the introduction of [[Mixed Member Proportional|MMP]] in 1996 (after [[electoral reform in New Zealand|referendums in 1992 and 1993]]), there was consideration to remove the official role of the Opposition; with several parties outside the government, it was no longer clear which party, if any, was ''the'' Official Opposition.<ref>((cite web|title=Role of the Opposition in government.|url=http://decisionmaker.co.nz/guide2003/hgw/oppose.html|website=decisionmaker.co.nz|access-date=24 December 2017))</ref> This is complicated more by parties which occasionally act with the government and at other times vote against it. The unusual positioning that developed after the [[2005 New Zealand general election|2005 election]] – in which minor parties [[confidence and supply|supported the government]] and received ministers but remained outside the Cabinet – further complicated the concept of 'opposition'. However, the continued dominance of the political scene by the [[New Zealand National Party|National]] and [[New Zealand Labour Party|Labour]] parties means that the Official Opposition has been retained, and inevitably the Official Opposition is whichever of the National and Labour parties is not leading a government at the time. Parties and members of parliament outside the government which do not work with the Official Opposition party are said to "sit on the [[cross-benches]]".<ref>((cite news |title=John Armstrong: What does sitting on cross benches actually mean? |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11317698 |access-date=26 May 2019 |work=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |date=2 September 2014))</ref>

[[Grand coalition]]s have been formed only twice in New Zealand, and on both occasions with the aim of forming a national response to a crisis. The first was the War Cabinet of 1915–1919, involving the [[Reform Party (New Zealand)|Reform]] and [[New Zealand Liberal Party|Liberal]] Parties, under the leadership of Reform Prime Minister [[William Massey]].((sfn|Bassett|1982|p=20)) The second was the Coalition Government of 1931–1935 to combat the [[Great Depression]], between the United Party (successor to the Liberal Party) and the Reform Party, and led by United leader [[George Forbes (New Zealand politician)|George Forbes]].((sfn|Bassett|1982|p=57)) In both cases, Labour formed the official Opposition against these governments.((sfn|Bassett|1982|pp=20, 57)) Before the Labour Party was formed in July 1916 there was a combined caucus of two parties (the [[United Labour Party (New Zealand)|United Labour Party]] and [[Social Democratic Party (New Zealand)|Social Democratic Party]]) as well as several labour aligned independents. The Labour caucus decided to maintain its independence by not joining the national ministry and its leader, [[Alfred Hindmarsh]], declined a seat in the cabinet.<ref>((cite news |url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/EP19150805.2.62 |title=National Cabinet - Personnel Still Unknown |work=[[The Evening Post (New Zealand)|The Evening Post]] |date=5 August 1915 |volume=XC |issue=31 |page=8 ))</ref>

The '''[[New Zealand Labour Party|Labour Party]]''' currently form the Official Opposition.

==Shadow Cabinet==

===List of Shadow Cabinets===
Below is a list of the shadow cabinets of New Zealand from 1965 to the present date.

{| class="wikitable"
! Date
! [[Leader of the Opposition (New Zealand)|Leader of the Opposition]]
! colspan="2" | Shadow Cabinet
! colspan="2" | Government
|-
| 1965
| [[Norman Kirk]]
| style="background: ((party color|New Zealand Labour Party)); width: 1px; |
| [[Shadow Cabinet of Norman Kirk|Kirk]]
| style="background: ((party color|New Zealand National Party)); width: 1px; |
| [[Second National Government of New Zealand|Second National]]
|-
| 1972
| [[Jack Marshall]]
| style="background: ((party color|New Zealand National Party)) |
| [[Shadow Cabinet of Jack Marshall|Marshall]]
| rowspan="2" style="background: ((party color|New Zealand Labour Party)) |
| rowspan="2" | [[Third Labour Government of New Zealand|Third Labour]]
|-
| 1974
| [[Robert Muldoon]]
| style="background: ((party color|New Zealand National Party)) |
| [[First Shadow Cabinet of Robert Muldoon|Muldoon I]]
|-
| 1975
| [[Bill Rowling]]
| style="background: ((party color|New Zealand Labour Party)) |
| [[Shadow Cabinet of Bill Rowling|Rowling]]
| rowspan="2" style="background: ((party color|New Zealand National Party)) |
| rowspan="2" | [[Third National Government of New Zealand|Third National]]
|-
| 1983
| [[David Lange]]
| style="background: ((party color|New Zealand Labour Party)) |
| [[Shadow Cabinet of David Lange|Lange]]
|-
| 1984
| Sir [[Robert Muldoon]]
| style="background: ((party color|New Zealand National Party)) |
| [[Second Shadow Cabinet of Robert Muldoon|Muldoon II]]
| rowspan="3" style="background: ((party color|New Zealand Labour Party)) |
| rowspan="3" | [[Fourth Labour Government of New Zealand|Fourth Labour]]
|-
| 1984
| [[Jim McLay]]
| style="background: ((party color|New Zealand National Party)) |
| [[Shadow Cabinet of Jim McLay|McLay]]
|-
| 1986
| [[Jim Bolger]]
| style="background: ((party color|New Zealand National Party)) |
| [[Shadow Cabinet of Jim Bolger|Bolger]]
|-
| 1990
| [[Mike Moore (New Zealand politician)|Mike Moore]]
| style="background: ((party color|New Zealand Labour Party)) |
| [[Shadow Cabinet of Mike Moore|Moore]]
| rowspan="2" style="background: ((party color|New Zealand National Party)) |
| rowspan="2" | [[Fourth National Government of New Zealand|Fourth National]]
|-
| 1993
| [[Helen Clark]]
| style="background: ((party color|New Zealand Labour Party)) |
| [[Shadow Cabinet of Helen Clark|Clark]]
|-
| 1999
| [[Jenny Shipley]]
| style="background: ((party color|New Zealand National Party)) |
| [[Shadow Cabinet of Jenny Shipley|Shipley]]
| rowspan="4" style="background: ((party color|New Zealand Labour Party)) |
| rowspan="4" | [[Fifth Labour Government of New Zealand|Fifth Labour]]
|-
| 2001
| [[Bill English]]
| style="background: ((party color|New Zealand National Party)) |
| [[First Shadow Cabinet of Bill English|English I]]
|-
| 2003
| [[Don Brash]]
| style="background: ((party color|New Zealand National Party)) |
| [[Shadow Cabinet of Don Brash|Brash]]
|-
| 2006
| [[John Key]]
| style="background: ((party color|New Zealand National Party)) |
| [[Shadow Cabinet of John Key|Key]]
|-
| 2008
| [[Phil Goff]]
| style="background: ((party color|New Zealand Labour Party)) |
| [[Shadow Cabinet of Phil Goff|Goff]]
| rowspan="5" style="background: ((party color|New Zealand National Party)) |
| rowspan="5" | [[Fifth National Government of New Zealand|Fifth National]]
|-
| 2011
| [[David Shearer]]
| style="background: ((party color|New Zealand Labour Party)) |
| [[Shadow Cabinet of David Shearer|Shearer]]
|-
| 2013
| [[David Cunliffe]]
| style="background: ((party color|New Zealand Labour Party)) |
| [[Shadow Cabinet of David Cunliffe|Cunliffe]]
|-
| 2014
| [[Andrew Little (New Zealand politician)|Andrew Little]]
| style="background: ((party color|New Zealand Labour Party)) |
| [[Shadow Cabinet of Andrew Little|Little]]
|-
| 2017
| [[Jacinda Ardern]]
| style="background: ((party color|New Zealand Labour Party)) |
| [[Shadow Cabinet of Jacinda Ardern|Ardern]]
|-
| 2017
| [[Bill English]]
| style="background: ((party color|New Zealand National Party)) |
| [[Second Shadow Cabinet of Bill English|English II]]
| rowspan="5" style="background: ((party color|New Zealand Labour Party)) |
| rowspan="5" | [[Sixth Labour Government of New Zealand|Sixth Labour]]
|-
| 2018
| [[Simon Bridges]]
| style="background: ((party color|New Zealand National Party)) |
| [[Shadow Cabinet of Simon Bridges|Bridges]]
|-
| 2020
| [[Todd Muller]]
| style="background: ((party color|New Zealand National Party)) |
| [[Shadow Cabinet of Todd Muller|Muller]]
|-
| 2020
| [[Judith Collins]]
| style="background: ((party color|New Zealand National Party)) |
| [[Shadow Cabinet of Judith Collins|Collins]]
|-
| 2021
| [[Christopher Luxon]]
| style="background: ((party color|New Zealand National Party)) |
| [[Shadow Cabinet of Christopher Luxon|Luxon]]
|-
|2023
|[[Chris Hipkins]]
| style="background: ((party color|New Zealand Labour Party)) " |
| [[Shadow Cabinet of Chris Hipkins|Hipkins]]
| style="background: ((party color|New Zealand National Party)) " |
| [[Sixth National Government of New Zealand|Sixth National]]
|}

==Footnotes==
((Reflist))

==References==
*((cite book |last= Bassett |first= Michael |title= Three Party Politics in New Zealand 1911–1931 |author-link=Michael Bassett |year= 1982 |publisher=Historical Publications |location= Auckland |isbn= 0-86870-006-1))

((Parliament of NZ))

[[Category:Politics of New Zealand]]
[[Category:Leaders of the Opposition (New Zealand)]]

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