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((Short description|Funerary art at the Xi'an Beilin Museum in China))
((More citations needed|date=December 2009))
((Expand Chinese|昭陵六骏|date=June 2016))
[[File:昭陵六骏-西安碑林石刻艺术室 2023-09-29 01.jpg|300px|thumb|upright=1.3|The Six Steeds of Zhao Mausoleum at Xi'an Beilin Museum]]

The '''''Six Steeds of Zhao Mausoleum''''' (((zh|t=昭陵六駿|s=昭陵六骏|p=Zhāolíng Liùjùn))) are six [[Tang Dynasty|Tang]] (618–907) Chinese stone [[relief]]s of horses (1.7m x 2.0m each) which were located in the [[Zhao Mausoleum (Tang Dynasty)|Zhao Mausoleum]], [[Shaanxi]], [[China]]. Zhao Mausoleum is the mausoleum of [[Emperor Taizong of Tang]] (r. 626–649).

By tradition the reliefs were designed by the [[court painter]], and administrator for public works, [[Yan Liben]], and the relief is so flat and linear that it seems likely they were carved after drawings or paintings.<ref>[[Michael Sullivan (art historian)|Sullivan, Michael]], ''The Arts of China'', 126, 1973, Sphere Books, ((ISBN|0351183345)) (revised edn of ''A Short History of Chinese Art'', 1967)</ref>  Yan Liben is documented as producing other works for the tomb, a portrait series that is now lost, and perhaps designed the whole structure.<ref>Loehr, 33</ref>

The steeds were six precious war horses of Taizong, which he rode during the early campaigns to reunify China under the Tang, and all bear names which are not Chinese but rather transliterations of Turkic or Central Asian terms, indicative of the horses' probable origin as gifts or tributes from the [[Göktürks|Tujue]] to the Tang forces. They are:
* Quanmaogua (((lang|zh|拳毛騧))), Taizong's steed during the campaign against [[Liu Heita]].
* Shifachi (((lang|zh|什伐赤))), ridden during the [[Battle of Hulao]] against [[Dou Jiande]]. Its name derives from the Turkic term [[Shad (prince)|Shad]],
* Baitiwu (((lang|zh-Hans|白蹄乌))), ridden during the campaign against [[Xue Rengao]].
* Telebiao (((lang|zh|特勒骠))), ridden during the campaign against [[Song Jingang]]. Its name is originally 特勤 ''Teqin'', derived from the Turkic term [[Tegin]].
* Qingzhui (((lang|zh|青骓))), ridden during the campaign against Dou Jiande.
* [[Saluzi]] (((lang|zh|飒露紫))), ridden during the campaign against [[Wang Shichong]]. Its name derives from the Turkic 'Isbara', itself a derivation from the Sanskrit 'Isvara' meaning prince.

The sculptures are regarded as ancient [[Chinese art]] treasures. Two (Quanmaogua and Saluzi) were sold by [[C.T. Loo]] in 1914 and are exhibited at the [[Penn Museum]] at [[University of Pennsylvania]], USA. The remaining four are exhibited in the [[Stele Forest]] museum of [[Xi'an]].

==Gallery==
<gallery widths=300 heights=225>
File:Emperor Taizong Horse Relief Saluzi.jpg|One of the reliefs, very likely after a drawing by Yan Liben, at the [[Penn Museum]].  Here a general removes an arrow from the horse Saluzi ("Autumn Dew")<ref>Loehr, 33</ref>
File:Emperor Taizong Horse Relief Quanmaogua.jpg|Limestone relief of Quanmaogua ("Curly"). Nine arrows penetrate Quanmaogua, six in front and three in back. On display at the [[Penn Museum]] in Philadelphia.
昭陵六骏-什伐赤-西安碑林石刻艺术室.jpg|Shi Fa Chi Steed at [[Beilin Museum]].
昭陵六骏-青骓-西安碑林石刻艺术室.jpg|Qing Zhui Steed at [[Beilin Museum]].
昭陵六骏-特勤骠-西安碑林石刻艺术室.jpg|Te Qin Biao Steed at [[Beilin Museum]].
昭陵六骏-白蹄乌-西安碑林石刻艺术室.jpg|Bai Ti Wu Steed at [[Beilin Museum]].
</gallery>

==Notes==
((Reflist))

==References==
* [[Max Loehr|Loehr, Max]], ''The Great Painters of China'', 1980, Phaidon Press, ((ISBN|0714820083))
* ((cite book | last = Yang | first = Hong | chapter = From the Han to the Qing | pages = 105–197 | title = Chinese Sculpture | publisher = Yale University Press | year = 2006 | isbn = 978-0-300-10065-5 | chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=PGuPsNCaJdwC&pg=PA105 )), p.&nbsp;171

((coord missing|Shaanxi))

((DEFAULTSORT:Six Steeds Of Zhao Mausoleum))
[[Category:7th-century sculptures]]
[[Category:Chinese sculpture]]
[[Category:Stone sculptures in China]]
[[Category:Horses in art]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Xi'an]]
[[Category:Tang dynasty art]]
[[Category:Emperor Taizong of Tang]]

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