Species of tree
Tetradium ruticarpum is a tree that comes from China and Korea. It was previously classified in the genus Euodia as Euodia ruticarpa . The fruit is usually used, denoted sometimes as fructus . It has a strong bitter taste, and is used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and is a recognized herb in Kampo . Both the former genus name and the species name are often misspelled, and the plant usually appears in sources dealing with traditional Chinese medicine as "Evodia(e) rutaecarpa ".
Tetradium ruticarpum is grown mainly in China.
The fruit is picked. It may be consumed as food.
Traditional medicine [ edit ] Traditional Chinese medicine [ edit ] In traditional Chinese medicine the herb is described as a fruit.
Tetradium ruticarpum is called 呉茱萸 (Goshuyu ) in Japanese, used in Goshuyu-tou and Unkentou (ja:温経湯 ). These are Kampo (漢方) preparations of mixed herbs, the former named after this plant.[ 2] The mixture is noted for having a high concentration (132.6 to 706.3 mmol/100 g) of antioxidants, where the other constituents of the mixture rank lower.[ 3]
Allergic reactions have occasionally been reported in users of medicinal preparations of the plant.[citation needed ]
Biochemical analysis [ edit ] There has been relatively little scientific study of Tetradium ruticarpum except for antioxidant capacity of one of its mixtures.
Notable compounds in T. ruticarpum include:[ 4]
alkaloids :
flavonoids :
In rats, the half-lives of most of these compounds was found to be relatively short, between 0.5 - 2 hours.[ 4]
There are a few variants:[ 5]
var. officinalis
var bodinieri (Dode) Huang
^ "Tetradium ruticarpum (A.Juss.) T.G.Hartley" . World Checklist of Selected Plant Families . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved 21 November 2014 – via The Plant List . Note that this website has been superseded by World Flora Online
^ "Kampo virtual class | Japanese Kampo Medicine|Kampo Igaku Center Keio University Medical School" .
^ Carlsen, MH; Halvorsen, BL; Holte, K; Bøhn, SK; Dragland, S; Sampson, L; Willey, C; Senoo, H; Umezono, Y; Sanada, C; Barikmo, I; Berhe, N; Willett, WC; Phillips, KM; Jacobs, DR; Blomhoff, R (2010). "The total antioxidant content of more than 3100 foods, beverages, spices, herbs and supplements used worldwide" . Nutr J . 9 : 3. doi :10.1186/1475-2891-9-3 . PMC 2841576 . PMID 20096093 .
^ a b Hu, Chuan-Qin; Li, Fei; Yang, Xiu-Wei (April 2012). "Simultaneous determination and pharmacokinetic analysis of seven alkaloids and two flavonoids from rat plasma by HPLC–DAD after oral administration of Wuzhuyu decoction". Journal of Asian Natural Products Research . 14 (4): 370–381. doi :10.1080/10286020.2012.656093 . PMID 22375876 . S2CID 31746179 .
^ "Goshuyu" .
TRPA
Activators
4-Hydroxynonenal
4-Oxo-2-nonenal
4,5-EET
12S-HpETE
15-Deoxy-Δ12,14 -prostaglandin J2
α-Sanshool (ginger , Sichuan and melegueta peppers )
Acrolein
Allicin (garlic )
Allyl isothiocyanate (mustard , radish , horseradish , wasabi )
AM404
ASP-7663
Bradykinin
Cannabichromene (cannabis )
Cannabidiol (cannabis )
Cannabigerol (cannabis )
Cinnamaldehyde (cinnamon )
CR gas (dibenzoxazepine; DBO)
CS gas (2-chlorobenzal malononitrile)
Cuminaldehyde (cumin )
Curcumin (turmeric )
Dehydroligustilide (celery )
Diallyl disulfide
Dicentrine (Lindera spp.)
Farnesyl thiosalicylic acid
Formalin
Gingerols (ginger )
Hepoxilin A3
Hepoxilin B3
Hydrogen peroxide
Icilin
Isothiocyanate
JT-010
Ligustilide (celery , Angelica acutiloba )
Linalool (Sichuan pepper , thyme )
Methylglyoxal
Methyl salicylate (wintergreen )
N-Methylmaleimide
Nicotine (tobacco )
Oleocanthal (olive oil )
Paclitaxel (Pacific yew )
Paracetamol (acetaminophen)
PF-4840154
Phenacyl chloride
Polygodial (Dorrigo pepper )
Shogaols (ginger , Sichuan and melegueta peppers )
Tear gases
Tetrahydrocannabinol (cannabis )
Tetrahydrocannabiorcol
Thiopropanal S-oxide (onion )
Umbellulone (Umbellularia californica )
WIN 55,212-2
Blockers
TRPC
TRPM
TRPML
TRPP
TRPV
Activators
2-APB
5',6'-EET
9-HODE
9-oxoODE
12S-HETE
12S-HpETE
13-HODE
13-oxoODE
20-HETE
α-Sanshool (ginger , Sichuan and melegueta peppers )
Allicin (garlic )
AM404
Anandamide
Bisandrographolide (Andrographis paniculata )
Camphor (camphor laurel , rosemary , camphorweed , African blue basil , camphor basil )
Cannabidiol (cannabis )
Cannabidivarin (cannabis )
Capsaicin (chili pepper )
Carvacrol (oregano , thyme , pepperwort , wild bergamot , others)
DHEA
Diacyl glycerol
Dihydrocapsaicin (chili pepper )
Estradiol
Eugenol (basil , clove )
Evodiamine (Euodia ruticarpa )
Gingerols (ginger )
GSK1016790A
Heat
Hepoxilin A3
Hepoxilin B3
Homocapsaicin (chili pepper )
Homodihydrocapsaicin (chili pepper )
Incensole (incense )
Lysophosphatidic acid
Low pH (acidic conditions)
Menthol (mint )
N-Arachidonoyl dopamine
N-Oleoyldopamine
N-Oleoylethanolamide
Nonivamide (PAVA) (PAVA spray )
Nordihydrocapsaicin (chili pepper )
Paclitaxel (Pacific yew )
Paracetamol (acetaminophen)
Phenylacetylrinvanil
Phorbol esters (e.g., 4α-PDD)
Piperine (black pepper , long pepper )
Polygodial (Dorrigo pepper )
Probenecid
Protons
RhTx
Rutamarin (Ruta graveolens )
Resiniferatoxin (RTX) (Euphorbia resinifera /pooissonii )
Shogaols (ginger , Sichuan and melegueta peppers )
Tetrahydrocannabivarin (cannabis )
Thymol (thyme , oregano )
Tinyatoxin (Euphorbia resinifera /pooissonii )
Tramadol
Vanillin (vanilla )
Zucapsaicin
Blockers