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((short description|Latin phrase meaning "the whole for a part"; form of metonymy))
((italic title))
((refimprove|date=March 2016))
'''''Totum pro parte''''' is [[Latin]] for "the whole for a part"; it refers to a kind of [[metonymy]]. The plural is '''''tota pro partibus''''', "wholes for parts". In a context of language, it means something is named after something of which it is only a part (or only a limited characteristic, not necessarily representative for the whole). A ''[[pars pro toto]]'' (in which a part is used to describe the whole) is the opposite of a ''totum pro parte''.<ref>[http://www.odlt.org/ballast/totum_pro_parte.html Online Dictionary of Language Terminology (ODLT) s.v. totum pro parte]</ref>

==In geography==
Some [[toponymy|place names]] of large areas are commonly used to refer synonymously to a smaller part of the larger area than is strictly deemed correct. Examples of this include:

* "[[Americas|America]]" for the [[United States]] (see [[American (word)|use of the word American]])
* "[[Asia]]" for [[East Asia]], [[South Asia]] and [[Southeast Asia]] (conversely, Asia itself can also be considered a ''pars pro toto'': originally the name referred only to what is now called [[Asia Minor]])
* "[[China]]" for the People's Republic of China since the 1970s, and prior to that, the [[Taiwan|Republic of China]]
* "The Congo" for the [[Republic of the Congo]] or the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
* "[[Europe]]" for the [[European Union]] or for [[Continental Europe]] excluding the [[British Isles]]
* "[[Germany]]" was often used for [[West Germany]] during the [[Cold War]]
* "[[Ireland]]" for the [[Republic of Ireland]] excluding [[Northern Ireland]]
* "[[Korea]]" for [[South Korea]], excluding [[North Korea]]
* "Macedonia" for the [[North Macedonia|Republic of North Macedonia]] (see [[Macedonia naming dispute]])
* "[[Micronesia]]" for the [[Federated States of Micronesia]] 
* [[Nanyang (region)|Nanyang]], [[Maritime Southeast Asia]], [[Malay Archipelago]], [[Sunda Islands]] for [[Indonesia]]
* "[[Ulster]]" for [[Northern Ireland]]
* "[[Western Hemisphere]]" for the [[Americas]]
* "Yemen" was often used for [[Yemen Arab Republic|North Yemen]]
* "[[Northumbria (modern)|Northumbria]]" for [[North East England]] or historic [[Northumberland]] and [[County Palatine of Durham|County Durham]]

==Other examples==
The verb "to drink" is often used in this manner. Depending on context it can stand for the generic, standard definition "to consume a [[liquid]]" (e.g. "I'm thirsty, is there anything to drink?") or for the narrow, limited definition "to [[wikt:imbibe|imbibe]] [[alcoholic beverage]]s" (e.g. "He goes out to drink too often"). Also, ''[[fluid]]'' can be used for ''liquid'', as in ''[[brake fluid]]'' or ''[[bodily fluid]]''. (The presence of air, a fluid, is not wanted when there is ''low fluid''.)

The "[[Internet]]" for the "[[World Wide Web|World Wide Web (WWW)]]"; the Internet is a network of computer networks, whereas the WWW is a network of hypertext documents that one accesses via the Internet.

When someone asks, "Is it a PC or a Mac?", they are commonly asking whether it is a [[Personal computer|PC]] (personal computer) running the [[Microsoft]] [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]] operating system, or one of a line of personal computers made by [[Apple Inc.|Apple]] called a [[Mac (computer)|Mac]]. A PC can be defined more literally as any computer used for personal purposes, although a more specific definition would be any computer descended from the [[IBM Personal Computer|original IBM PC]].  

In the United States, "Congress" is used to refer to the legislative body of the government, including both the [[United States House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] (the ''House)'' and the [[United States Senate|Senate]]. The term ''congressman'' or ''congresswoman'' means "member of the House (of Representatives)". 

An athletic team is often called by the name of the whole (e.g. a city, country or organization) it represents: 
* "Go Navy: beat Army" (a cheer for the team representing the [[United States Naval Academy]] in a contest against the team representing the [[United States Military Academy]])
* "Houston will be in New York this weekend"
* "Russia thrashed the Czech Republic" (the [[Russia national football team]] defeated the [[Czech Republic national football team]]).

When people talk about "the summer", they very often mean just the [[summer vacation]] period (often from six weeks to 2-3 months, depending on the place) and not necessarily the whole [[summer]] season.

In pharmacies in Quebec, the prescription plan of the [[Régie de l'assurance maladie du Québec]] (RAMQ) is often referred to just as RAMQ, even though the RAMQ is the government health insurance board of Quebec and as such makes provincial health insurance cards (among other things).

==See also==
*[[Hyperbole]]
*[[Metonymy]]
*[[Pars pro toto]]
*[[Synecdoche]]

==References==
((reflist|1))

[[Category:Figures of speech]]
[[Category:Latin words and phrases]]
[[Category:Synecdoche]]

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