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((Short description|British politician))
((More citations needed|date=August 2014))
((EngvarB|date=August 2014))
((Use dmy dates|date=August 2014))
((Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix = [[The Most Honourable]]
| name = The Marquess of Downshire 
| honorific-suffix = [[Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council|PC]]
| image = 1stMarquessOfDownshire.jpg
| order1 = [[President of the Board of Trade|First Lord of Trade]]
| term_start1 = 9 September 1763
| term_end1 = 20 July 1765
| monarch1 = [[George III of the United Kingdom|George III]]
| primeminister1 = [[George Grenville]]
| predecessor1 = [[William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne|The Earl of Shelburne]]
| successor1 = [[William Legge, 2nd Earl of Dartmouth|The Earl of Dartmouth]]
| term_start2 = 16 August
| term_end2 = December 1766
| monarch2 = [[George III of the United Kingdom|George III]]
| primeminister2 = [[William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham|The Earl of Chatham]]
| predecessor2 = [[William Legge, 2nd Earl of Dartmouth|The Earl of Dartmouth]]
| successor2 = [[Robert Nugent, 1st Earl Nugent|The Viscount Clare]]
| term_start3 = 20 January 1768
| term_end3 = 31 August 1772
| monarch3 = [[George III of the United Kingdom|George III]]
| primeminister3 = [[William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham|The Earl of Chatham]] <br/> [[Augustus FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Grafton|The Duke of Grafton]] <br/> [[Frederick North, Lord North|Lord North]]
| predecessor3 = [[Robert Nugent, 1st Earl Nugent|The Viscount Clare]]
| successor3 = [[William Legge, 2nd Earl of Dartmouth|The Earl of Dartmouth]]
| order4 = [[Secretary of State for the Colonies]]
| term_start4 = 27 February 1768 
| term_end4 = 27 August 1772
| monarch4 = [[George III of the United Kingdom|George III]]
| primeminister4 = [[William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham|The Earl of Chatham]] <br/> [[Augustus FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Grafton|The Duke of Grafton]] <br/> [[Frederick North, Lord North|Lord North]]
| predecessor4 = New office
| successor4 = [[William Legge, 2nd Earl of Dartmouth|The Earl of Dartmouth]]
| order5 = [[Secretary of State for the Southern Department]]
| term_start5 = 24 November 1779
| term_end5 = 27 March 1782
| monarch5 = [[George III of the United Kingdom|George III]]
| primeminister5 = [[Frederick North, Lord North|Lord North]]
| predecessor5 = [[Thomas Thynne, 1st Marquess of Bath|The Viscount Weymouth]]
| successor5 = Office abolished
| birth_date = ((birth date|df=yes|1718|05|30)) 
| birth_place = [[Fairford]], Gloucestershire 
| death_date = ((Death date and age|df=yes|1793|10|7|1718|05|30))
| death_place = 
| nationality = British
| party = 
| alma_mater = 
| spouse = (1) Lady Margaretta FitzGerald<br/>(d. 1766)<br/>(2) [[Mary Hill, Countess of Hillsborough|Mary Stawell]]<br/>(1726–1780)
))

'''Wills Hill, 1st Marquess of Downshire''', ((post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|PC)) (30 May 1718 – 7 October 1793), known as '''the 2nd Viscount Hillsborough''' from 1742 to 1751 and as '''the 1st Earl of Hillsborough''' from 1751 to 1789, was a British politician of the [[Georgian era]].

Best known in North America as the Earl of Hillsborough, he served as [[Secretary of State for the Colonies]] from 1768 to 1772, a critical period leading toward the [[American War of Independence]].

==Background==
Born in [[Fairford]], [[Gloucestershire]], Wills Hill was the son of [[Trevor Hill, 1st Viscount Hillsborough]], and Mary, daughter of Anthony Rowe. He was named after [[General (United Kingdom)|General]] [[Sir Charles Wills]], his godfather.<ref>((Cite ODNB|id=13317|title=Hill, Wills, first marquess of Downshire))</ref>

==Political career==
Hill, known retrospectively as Downshire, was returned to Parliament for [[Warwick (UK Parliament constituency)|Warwick]] in 1741, a seat he held until 1756. He succeeded his father as The 2nd Viscount Hillsborough in May 1742 (as this was an [[Peerage of Ireland|Irish peerage]] he was able to continue to sit in the [[British House of Commons]]). Lord Hillsborough, as he now was, was the same year appointed [[Lord Lieutenant of County Down]] and [[Custos Rotulorum of County Down]].<ref>((cite book|title=The English peerage, Volume 1|page=408))</ref>

In 1751, he was created Earl of Hillsborough in the Peerage of Ireland. In 1754, he was made [[Comptroller of the Household]], a post he held until 1756, and appointed a [[Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council|Privy Counsellor]]. In 1756, he was created '''Baron Harwich''', of Harwich in the County of Essex, in the [[Peerage of Great Britain]], which entitled him to a seat in the [[House of Lords]].

For nearly two years, between 1763 and 1765, Lord Hillsborough was [[President of the Board of Trade|President of the Board of Trade and Plantations]] under [[George Grenville]], and after a brief period of retirement he filled the same position in 1766, and then that of joint [[Postmaster General of the United Kingdom|Postmaster General]], under the [[William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham|Earl of Chatham]]. From 1768 to 1772, Hillsborough was [[Secretary of State for the Colonies]] and also President of the Board of Trade. Both in and out of office, Hillsborough opposed all concessions to the American colonists, but he favoured the project for a union between England and the [[Kingdom of Ireland]]. On his retirement in 1772, he was created Earl of Hillsborough in the Peerage of Great Britain.

In 1779 he served as [[Secretary of State for the Southern Department]], remaining until 1782. He was the last person to serve in this position, because the Secretaries of State were reorganized.

In 1789, he was made '''Marquess of Downshire''' in the Irish peerage.

==Family and legacy==
[[File:Marquess of Downshire COA.svg|thumb|Arms of Hill, [[Marquess of Downshire]]: ''Sable, on a fess argent between three leopards passant guardant or spotted of the field as many escallops gules'']]
Lord Downshire married firstly Lady Margaretta, daughter of [[Robert FitzGerald, 19th Earl of Kildare|The 19th Earl of Kildare]], in 1747. His second daughter and last child by his first marriage was Lady Charlotte Hill, wife of [[John Chetwynd-Talbot, 1st Earl Talbot|The 1st Earl Talbot]]. Lady Talbot was the subject of a notable portrait by [[Sir Joshua Reynolds]]. <ref>((cite web |title=Sir Joshua Reynolds Lady Talbot exhibited 1782 |url=https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/reynolds-lady-talbot-n05640 |website=Tate))</ref>

After her death in 1766, he married secondly [[Mary Hill, Countess of Hillsborough|Mary Bilson-Legge, 1st Baroness Stawell]], daughter of [[Baron Stawell|Edward, 4th Baron Stawell]], and widow of [[Henry Bilson-Legge]], in 1768. She died in 1780. 

Lord Downshire died on 7 October 1793, aged 75, and was succeeded by his son from his first marriage, [[Arthur Hill, 2nd Marquess of Downshire|Arthur]]. 

In the United States, [[Hillsborough County, New Hampshire]], [[Hillsborough Township, New Jersey]], the town of [[Hillsborough, New Hampshire]], within the county, the town of [[Hillsborough, North Carolina]], and [[Hillsborough County, Florida]], Hillsboro, Highland, Ohio were named after the Marquess. [[Hillsborough, California]], named for Hillsborough, New Hampshire, is an indirect namesake.

In Canada,  [[Hillsborough Bay]], on [[Prince Edward Island]], and the village of [[Hillsborough, New Brunswick]], were named in Downshire's honour.
[[File:Wax profile of Lord Hillsborough (1718-93).jpg|thumbnail|left|Wax profile portrait of Lord Hillsborough by 'Lewis'.]]

==References==
((reflist))
==Bibliography==
* Murdoch, Tessa, ed. [[Great Irish Households|''Great Irish Households: Inventories from the Long Eighteenth Century'']]. Cambridge: [[John Adamson (publisher)|John Adamson]], 2022 ((ISBN|978-1-898565-17-8)) ((OCLC|1233305993)). See pp. 125–8 and 137–45 for transcripts of the inventories of Wills Hill's house at Hillsborough in 1746 and of his later house, Hillsborough Lodge, in 1777.

==External links==
((Cite DNB|wstitle=Hill, Wills))

((s-start))
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((s-aft| after  = [[Henry Archer (MP)|Henry Archer]]<br/>[[John Spencer, 1st Earl Spencer|John Spencer]]))

((s-off))
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((s-new))
((s-ttl| title  = [[Secretary of State for the Colonies]]
       | years  = 1768–1772))
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((s-hon))
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((s-ttl|title=[[List of senior members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom|Senior Privy Counsellor]]|years=1792–1793))
((s-aft|after=[[Granville Leveson-Gower, 1st Marquess of Stafford|The Marquess of Stafford]]))

((s-reg|gb))
((s-new|creation))
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((s-reg|ie))
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((s-end))

((Presidents of the Board of Trade))
((North Ministry))

((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Downshire, Wills Hill, 1st Marquess Of))
[[Category:1718 births]]
[[Category:1793 deaths]]
[[Category:Secretaries of State for the Colonies]]
[[Category:Members of the Privy Council of Great Britain]]
[[Category:Members of the Privy Council of Ireland]]
[[Category:Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for English constituencies]]
[[Category:British MPs 1741–1747]]
[[Category:British MPs 1747–1754]]
[[Category:British MPs 1754–1761]]
[[Category:Peers of Great Britain created by George II]]<!--as Baron Harwich-->
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society]]
[[Category:United Kingdom Postmasters General]]
[[Category:Hill family|Wills]]
[[Category:18th-century Irish landowners]]
[[Category:Lord-Lieutenants of Down]]
[[Category:Marquesses of Downshire|Wills]]
[[Category:People from Fairford]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Board of Trade]]

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