Oray Temporal range: Cretaceous - Kiwari
Vipera palaestina
Klasifikasi ilmiah
Karajaan:	Animalia
Filum:	Chordata
Kelas:	Sauropsida
Ordo:	Squamata
Subordo:	Serpentes Linnaeus, 1758
Superfamili jeung Kulawarga
Henophidia Aniliidae Anomochilidae Boidae Bolyeriidae Cylindrophiidae Loxocemidae Pythonidae Tropidophiidae Uropeltidae Xenopeltidae Typhlopoidea Anomalepididae Leptotyphlopidae Typhlopidae Xenophidia Acrochordidae Atractaspididae Colubridae Elapidae Hydrophiidae Viperidae

Oray, ogé katelah ophidian, mangrupa réptil teu sukuan (getih tiis) nu deukeut pancakakina jeung kadal, nu ngahiji dina ordo Squamata. Aya ogé sababaraha spésiés kadal nu teu sukuan nu saliwat mah mirip oray, tapi lain.

Resep ka oray disebut ofiofilia, sedengkeun sieun ka oray disebut ofidiofobia.

Téori évolusi

Filogeni oray can pati jéntré, sabab kurangna catetan fosil alatan leutik jeung gampang ancurna rorongkong oray. Tapi, dumasar morfologina, aya kasapukan yén oray téh diturunkeun ti karuhun nu kawas kadal. Panyangka ieu lajeng didukung ku hasil panalungtikan dina widang genetika jeung biokimia.

Klasifikasi

Artikel utama: Daptar kulawarga Serpentes.

Ordo: Squamata

• Subordo Serpentes
  • Superfamili Cholophidia (Oray watang)
    • Kulawarga Pachyophiidae: oray laut sukuan
    • Kulawarga Madtsoiidae: oray darat sukuan, kaasup Najash
    • Kulawarga Dinilysiidae: oray darat sukuan lianna
  • Superfamili Typhlopoidea (Scolecophidia)
    • Kulawarga Anomalepidae: oray hayameun
    • Kulawarga Typhlopidae: oray lolong
    • Kulawarga Leptotyphlopidae /Glauconiidae: slender blind snakes
  • Superfamili Henophidia (Boidéa)
    • Kulawarga Aniliidae /Ilysiidae: pipe snakes
    • Kulawarga Anomochilidae dwarf pipe snakes
    • Kulawarga Boidae: boa
    • Kulawarga Pythonidae: sanca
    • Kulawarga Bolyeriidae: boa Pulo Round
    • Kulawarga Cylindrophiidae: Asian pipe snakes
    • Kulawarga Loxocemidae: Mexican burrowing pythons
    • Kulawarga Tropidophiidae
    • Kulawarga Ungaliophiidae: dwarf boas
    • Kulawarga Uropeltidae: Shield-tail Snakes
    • Kulawarga Xenopeltidae: Sunbeam snakes
    • Kulawarga Acrochordidae: file snakes
  • Superfamili Xenophidia (Colubroidéa = Caenophidia)
    • Kulawarga Atractaspididae: mole vipers
    • Kulawarga Colubridae: colubrids (over half of all snake species, such as garter snake, rat snake, milk snake, king snake)
    • Kulawarga Elapidae: cobras, kraits, coral snakes, Australian copperheads
    • Kulawarga Hydrophiidae: sea snakes
    • Kulawarga Viperidae: pit vipers, true vipers, night adders and Fae's viper

Baca ogé

• Huntu oray
• Peurah oray
• Rorongkong oray

Rujukan

• Romulus Whitaker (éd. Ing.); alihbasa Tamil ku O.Henry Francis (1996). நம்மை சுட்ரியுள்ள பாம்புகள் (Oray di sabudeureun Urang, Tamil). National Book Trust. ISBN 81-237-1905-1. 

Tumbu kaluar

Wikimedia Commons mibanda média séjénna nu patali jeung Category:Serpentes.

• Non-venomous Snakes Breeds Archived 2007-02-16 di Wayback Machine
• Venomous Snakes Breeds Archived 2007-02-14 di Wayback Machine
• Numerous articles from journals on snakes (mainly Australasian)
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System Serpentes
• EMBL Database
• the Lancelet: "The serpent beguiles?" Pedaran ngeunaan paaduregeng asal-usul oray dina yuga Cretacéous
• The medicinal use of snakes in China
• Poisonous snakes and lizards
• Snake Pictures Archived 2007-02-02 di Wayback Machine
• Snake venom LD50 values Archived 2012-04-13 di Wayback Machine
• Snake Photos and Breed Information
• Snakes Care Archived 2006-08-14 di Wayback Machine

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