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((More citations needed|date=January 2017))
((incomplete list|date=September 2020))
[[Anti-communism|Anti-communist]] insurgencies continued in Central and Eastern Europe after the end of [[World War II]]. They were suppressed by the [[Soviet Union]] and its [[satellite state]]s.
Prominent movements include:
*The [[Ukrainian Insurgent Army]] fought until they were defeated in 1956;
*The anti-Soviet [[Hungarian Revolution of 1956|Hungarian Revolution]] took place in 1956. Unlike the other movements given here, it was aimed against the domination of the Soviet Union, but not against the ideas of Socialism and Communism; Hungarian Communists were among the leaders of the revolution, and [[Béla Király]], who commanded the National Guard in the revolution, described it as being held by the working class and put emphasis on the revolutionary workers' councils.<ref>Бела К. Кираи. [https://nsarchive.gwu.edu/rus/text_files/EastUropeProblems/1986-15-16/1986-15-16%20(196-227).pdf 30 лет Венгерской революции]</ref> 
*Baltic partisans known as the "[[Guerrilla war in the Baltic states|Forest Brothers]]" fought until they were defeated in the early 1960s
*[[Romanian anti-communist resistance movement]] fought until they were defeated in 1962/68
*Polish "[[cursed soldiers]]" fought until they were defeated in 1963
*The Bulgarian "[[Goryani]]" fought until they were defeated in the early 1960s
*Croatian ultra-nationalist insurgents known as "[[Crusaders (guerrilla)|Crusaders]]" fought until they were defeated in the early 1950s
*[[Chetniks]] fought until eradicated in the early 1950s.
*[[Michał Vituška#Black Cats|Belarusian Black Cats]] fought until they were defeated in the early 1950s;
*In Russia, former members of the [[Kaminski Brigade]], a collaborationist militia that was later reorganized into an SS unit, and supporters of the so-called "[[Lokot Autonomy]]" reorganized RONA as a partisan movement and fought until 1951.<ref>((cite book |last= Чуев|first=Сергей|date=2004|title=Проклятые солдаты|trans-title=|url= |language=ru|location= |publisher=Эксмо|isbn=9785699059706| quote =Отдельные очаги сопротивления на Брянщине продолжали партизанскую войну до 1951 года, постепенно вырождаясь в бандгруппы... В бою с одной из таких групп при задержании её главаря был тяжело ранен начальник Комаричского отделения госбезопасности капитан Ковалёв.))</ref><ref>((cite book |last=Грибков|first=Иван|date=2008|title=Хозяин брянских лесов|trans-title=|url= |language=ru|location= Москва|publisher=|isbn=
9785880670734| quote =Действуя мелкими разрозненными группами, повстанцы, тем не менее, причиняют серьезное беспокойство советским властям. <...> Однако изолированное от внешних сил повстанчество постепенно вырождается в бандитизм. Последняя крупная банда, действовавшая несколько лет, была ликвидирована в 1951 г. в деревне Лагеревка («Финляндия»).))</ref>

==In Poland==
((main|Cursed soldiers))
[[File:Józef Kuras Ogień.jpg|thumb|170px|right|[[Józef Kuraś]], leader of the [[Anti-communist resistance in Poland (1944–1953)|anti-communist resistance]]]]

The "[[cursed soldiers]]" (Polish: Żołnierze wyklęci) is a name applied to a variety of [[Polish people|Polish]] resistance movements that were formed in the later stages of World War II and afterward. Created by former members of the Polish underground resistance organizations of World War II, these organizations continued the struggle against the pro-[[Soviet Union|Soviet]] government of Poland well into the 1950s. Their history and actions have been controversial, as they have been accused of anti-Semitism and mass murder.<ref>((cite book|author=Barbara Engelking-Boni|title=Zagłada żydów:pamięć narodowa a pisanie historii w Polsce i we Francji|pages=195))</ref><ref>((cite web|url=https://www.tygodnikprzeglad.pl/kto-zaplaci-za-zbrodnie-podziemia/|title=Kto zapłaci za zbrodnie podziemia|website=Tygodnik Przegląd|language=pl|date=6 March 2011|author=Krzysztof Pilawski))</ref>

Most of these anti-communist groups ceased operations in the late 1940s or 1950s. However, the last known "cursed soldier", [[Józef Franczak]], was killed in an ambush as late as 1963, almost 20 years after the [[People's Republic of Poland|Soviet take-over of Poland]].<ref>[http://prawica.net/index.php?q=node/2269 „Lalek” ostatni partyzant Rzeczypospolitej]  ((webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091025092721/http://prawica.net/index.php?q=node%2F2269 |date=October 25, 2009 ))</ref>

==In the Baltic states==
((main|Guerrilla war in the Baltic states))
[[File:Ants Kaljurand.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ants Kaljurand]], Estonian resistance fighter for the [[Forest Brothers]]. He was executed in 1951.]]

The [[Guerrilla war in the Baltic states|Forest Brothers]] (also: Brothers of the Forest, Forest Brethren; Forest Brotherhood; Estonian: metsavennad, Latvian: meža brāļi, Lithuanian: miško broliai) were Estonian, Latvian, and Lithuanian partisans who waged [[guerrilla warfare]] against Soviet rule during the Soviet invasion and occupation of the three [[Baltic states]] during, and after, World War II.<ref>((cite book|last=Buttar|first=Prit|title=Between Giants, the Battle for the Baltics in World War II|year=2013|publisher=Osprey Publishing|isbn=9781780961637))</ref> 
The [[Soviet Army]] occupied the independent Baltic states in 1940–1941 and, after a period of German occupation, again in 1944–1945. As [[Stalinist]] repression intensified over the following years, 50,000 residents of these countries used the heavily [[forest]]ed countryside as a natural refuge and base for armed anti-Soviet resistance.

Resistance units varied in size and composition, ranging from individually operating guerrillas, armed primarily for self-defense, to large and well-organized groups able to engage significant Soviet forces in battle.

==In Romania==
((main|Romanian anti-communist resistance movement))

An armed resistance movement against the [[Romanian People's Republic|communist regime in Romania]] was active from the late 1940s to the mid-1950s, with isolated individual fighters remaining at large until the early 1960s. The groups were concentrated in the [[Carpathian Mountains]], although a resistance movement had also developed in [[Northern Dobruja]]. Armed resistance was the most structured form of resistance against the communist regime. After the overthrow of [[Nicolae Ceauşescu]] in 1989, the details about what was called “anti-communist armed resistance” were made public, thanks to the declassification of the [[Securitate]] archives.<ref>Ion Gavrilă Ogoranu, ''Brazii se frâng dar nu se îndoiesc'', vol II, Editura Marineasa, Timișoara, 2001</ref>

[[File:RezistantaRomanaAntiCommunista-Ion-Gavrila-Ogoranu-tanar.jpg|thumb|[[Ion Gavrilă Ogoranu]], fascist activist and leader of Făgăraș resistance movement.]]

==See also==
* [[Western betrayal]]

==References==
((reflist))

[[Category:Anti-communism]]
[[Category:Eastern Bloc]]
[[Category:Cold War rebellions]]
[[Category:Anti-communist resistance movements in Eastern Europe]]

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