Ashley Formation | |
---|---|
Stratigraphic range: Lower Oligocene (Rupelian) | |
Type | Geological formation |
Sub-units | Gettysville Member, Runnymeade Marl Member and Givhans Ferry Member.[1] |
Location | |
Region | South Carolina |
Country | United States |
The Ashley Formation is a geologic formation in South Carolina. It preserves fossils dating back to the Paleogene period.
Carnivorans | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Presence | Material | Notes | Images |
Phocidae | Gen. et. sp. indeterminate | Proximal portion of a right femur (ChM PV5713).[2] | "A taxon closely comparable to the most specialized phocid, the modern genus Cystophora". |
Cetaceans | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Presence | Material | Notes | Images |
Agorophius | A. pygmaeus | Underwater cliff face from the base of the formation.[3] | A skull.[3] | ||
Albertocetus | A. meffordorum | Givhans Ferry Member and Runnymede Marl Member.[4] | A partial skeleton and an isolated braincase.[4] | A xenorophid. | |
Ankylorhiza | A. tiedemani | AMNH 10445 (partial rostrum) and CCNHM 220 (partial skull and associated vertebrae).[5] | An odontocete. | ||
Ashleycetus | A. planicapitis | Near Charleston, South Carolina.[6] | A partial skull.[6] | ||
Coronodon | C. havensteini | "Wando River near Highway 41 Bridge, Berkeley County, South Carolina".[7] | A basal mysticete. | ||
Ediscetus | E. osbornei | "Slightly outside the odontocete crown group".[8] | |||
Micromysticetus | M. rothauseni | 2 braincases without rostra.[9] | |||
Saurocetus | S. gibbesi | [10] | A cheek tooth (MCZ 8760).[11] | ||
Xenorophus | X. sloanii | Incomplete skull.[12] | A xenorophid. |
Sirenians | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Presence | Material | Notes | Images |
Crenatosiren | C. olseni | [13] | A dugongid also found in the Chandler Bridge and Parachucla formations. | ||
Stegosiren | S. macei | [14] | A dugongid also found in the Chandler Bridge Formation. |
Color key
|
Notes Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; |
Crocodilians | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Presence | Material | Notes | Images |
Gavialosuchus | G. carolinensis | Dorchester County, South Carolina.[15] | ChM PV 4282 (mandible).[15] | Now moved to the genus Thecachampsa. | |
Thecachampsa | T. carolinensis | Dorchester County, South Carolina.[15] | ChM PV 4282 (mandible).[15] | A gavialoid. |
Turtles | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Presence | Material | Notes | Images |
Ashleychelys | A. palmeri | East bank of Limehouse Branch, Berkeley County, South Carolina.[16] | A cheloniid also found in the Chandler Bridge Formation. | ||
Carolinochelys | C. wilsoni | MCZ 1005-A (a nearly complete skull) and ChM PV8309.[16] | A cheloniid also found in the Chandler Bridge Formation. | ||
Natemys | N. sp. 1 | Givhan's Ferry Member.[17] | CCNHM 4288 (a non-ridged carapacial ossicle).[17] | A dermochelyid also found in the Chandler Bridge Formation. | |
N. sp. 2 | ?Givhan's Ferry Member and ?Runnymede Marl Member.[17] | CCNHM 4287.1 and 4287.2 (a pair of associated non-ridged carapacial ossicles) and CCNHM
4910 (a non-ridged ossicle).[17] |
A dermochelyid. | ||
Procolpochelys | P. charlestonensis | A humerus (MCZ 1005-B).[16] | A cheloniid also found in the Chandler Bridge Formation. | ||
cf. Psephophorus | cf. P. sp. | Givhan's Ferry Member.[17] | CCNHM 5460 (an isolated non-ridged carapacial ossicle).[17] | A dermochelyid also found in the Chandler Bridge Formation. |
Rays | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Presence | Material | Notes | Images |
Dasyatis | "D." sp. | Givhans Ferry Member.[1] | Multiple teeth.[1] | A stingray. | |
Mobula | "M." sp. | Givhans Ferry Member.[1] | A devil ray. | ||
Plinthicus | P. sp. | Givhans Ferry Member.[1] | A tooth (SC2007.36.48).[1] | ||
Raja | R. mccollumi | Givhans Ferry Member.[1] | Abundant teeth.[1] | A skate also found in the Chandler Bridge Formation. | |
"R." sp. | Givhans Ferry Member.[1] | Multiple teeth.[1] | A skate, appears to be conspecific with R. sp. from the Chandler Bridge Formation. | ||
Rhinoptera | "R." sp. | Givhans Ferry Member.[1] | A broken symphyseal tooth (SC2015.29.30).[1] | A cownose ray. | |
Rhynchobatus | R. sp. | Givhans Ferry Member.[1] | Teeth (SC2007.36.39, SC2015.29.13, SC2015.29.32).[1] | A wedgefish. | |
Taeniurops | "T." cavernosus | Givhans Ferry Member.[1] | Multiple teeth.[1] | A stingray. |
Sharks | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Presence | Material | Notes | Images |
Araloselachus | A. sp. | May be derived from the Givhans Ferry Member.[1] | Teeth.[1] | ||
Carcharhinus | C. gibbesi | Givhans Ferry Member.[1] | A large number of teeth.[1] | The most common shark in the Ashley Formation sample. | |
Galeocerdo | G. aduncus | Givhans Ferry Member.[1] | Teeth.[1] | A ground shark. | |
Ginglymostomatidae | Gen. et. sp. indeterminate | Givhans Ferry Member.[1] | A partial tooth (SC2007.36.208).[1] | A nurse shark. | |
Hemipristis | H. cf. H. serra | Givhans Ferry Member.[1] | 4 teeth (SC2007.36.7, SC2007.36.8, SC2007.36.9).[1] | A weasel shark. | |
Otodus | O. angustidens | Ashley River, in the Givhans Ferry Member.[1] | Ablated specimens.[1] | A megatoothed shark. | |
Pachyscyllium | P. sp. | Givhans Ferry Member.[1] | A tooth (SC2007.36.5).[1] | A catshark. | |
Physogaleus | P. cf. P. contortus | Givhans Ferry Member.[1] | SC2007.36.19, SC2007.36.20 (four teeth), SC2015.29.27.[1] | A ground shark. | |
P. sp. | Givhans Ferry Member.[1] | SC2007.36.21 and SC2007.36.22.[1] | A ground shark. | ||
Pristiophorus | P. sp. | Givhans Ferry Member.[1] | An incomplete tooth crown (SC2015.29.20).[1] | A sawshark. | |
Scyliorhinus | S. weemsi | Givhans Ferry Member.[1] | Multiple teeth.[1] | A catshark. | |
Sphyrnidae | Gen. et. sp. indeterminate | Givhans Ferry Member.[1] | SC2007.36.23, SC2007.36.24, SC2007.36.25 (11 teeth), SC2007.36.26, SC2007.36.27, SC2007.36.28 (five teeth).[1] | A hammerhead shark. | |
Squalus | S. sp. | Givhans Ferry Member.[1] | Teeth.[1] | A spurdog. | |
Squatina | S. sp. | Givhans Ferry Member.[1] | Teeth (SC2007.36.4, SC2007.36.126, SC2007.36.149, SC2007.36.227, SC2015.29.18, SC2015.29.19, SC2015.33.2).[1] | An angelshark. | |
Trigonotodus | T. alteri | Teeth.[1] | A thresher shark. |
Bony fish | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Presence | Material | Notes | Images |
Albula | A. sp. | Givhans Ferry Member.[1] | SC2007.36.165, SC2007.36.228 (five teeth), SC2015.29.200 (66 teeth), SC2015.29.201, SC2015.29.204.[1] | A bonefish. | |
Archosargus | A. sp. | Givhans Ferry Member.[1] | Multiple teeth.[1] | A sea bream. | |
?Calamus | ?C. sp. | Givhans Ferry Member.[1] | Teeth.[1] | A sea bream. | |
Diplodus | D. sp. | Givhans Ferry Member.[1] | SC2015.29.195 (13 teeth), SC2015.29.222, SC2015.29.223, SC2015.29.224.[1] | A sea bream. | |
?Labridae | Gen. et. sp. indet. | Givhans Ferry Member.[1] | Multiple teeth.[1] | A wrasse. | |
Osteoglossidae | Gen. et. sp. indeterminate | Givhans Ferry Member.[1] | Teeth.[1] | ||
Palaeocybium | P. sp. | Givhans Ferry Member.[1] | A tooth (SC2007.36.122), a neurocranium and a left dentary.[1] | A scombrid. | |
Paralichthyidae | Gen. et. sp. indeterminate | Givhans Ferry Member.[1] | A tooth (SC2015.36.259).[1] | A flatfish. | |
?Pogonias | ?P. sp. | Givhans Ferry Member.[1] | Teeth.[1] | A croaker. | |
Scomberomorus | S. sp. | Givhans Ferry Member.[1] | Teeth.[1] | A scombrid. | |
?Sciaenops | ?S. sp. | Givhans Ferry Member.[1] | Many teeth.[1] | A croaker. | |
Sphyraena | S. sp. | Givhans Ferry Member.[1] | Many cheek and laniary teeth.[1] | A barracuda. | |
Trichiurides | T. cf. T. sagittidens | Givhans Ferry Member.[1] | 2 ablated laniary teeth.[1] | A cutlassfish. |