You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reasons:

This IP address has been blocked from editing Wikipedia.
This does not affect your ability to read Wikipedia pages.
Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong. Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.

The IP address or range 54.161.0.0/16 has been blocked (disabled) by ‪Blablubbs‬ for the following reason(s):

The IP address that you are currently using has been blocked because it is believed to be a web host provider or colocation provider. To prevent abuse, web hosts and colocation providers may be blocked from editing Wikipedia.
You will not be able to edit Wikipedia using a web host or colocation provider because it hides your IP address, much like a proxy or VPN.
We recommend that you attempt to use another connection to edit. For example, if you use a proxy or VPN to connect to the internet, turn it off when editing Wikipedia. If you edit using a mobile connection, try using a Wi-Fi connection, and vice versa. If you are using a corporate internet connection, switch to a different Wi-Fi network. If you have a Wikipedia account, please log in.
If you do not have any other way to edit Wikipedia, you will need to request an IP block exemption.

How to appeal if you are confident that your connection does not use a colocation provider's IP address:
If you are confident that you are not using a web host, you may appeal this block by adding the following text on your talk page: ((unblock|reason=Caught by a colocation web host block but this host or IP is not a web host. My IP address is _______. Place any further information here. ~~~~)). You must fill in the blank with your IP address for this block to be investigated. Your IP address can be determined here. Alternatively, if you wish to keep your IP address private you can use the unblock ticket request system. There are several reasons you might be editing using the IP address of a web host or colocation provider (such as if you are using VPN software or a business network); please use this method of appeal only if you think your IP address is in fact not a web host or colocation provider.

Administrators: The IP block exemption user right should only be applied to allow users to edit using web host in exceptional circumstances, and requests should usually be directed to the functionaries team via email. If you intend to give the IPBE user right, a CheckUser needs to take a look at the account. This can be requested most easily at SPI Quick Checkuser Requests. Unblocking an IP or IP range with this template is highly discouraged without at least contacting the blocking administrator.

This block will expire on 10:07, 1 October 2024.

Even when blocked, you will usually still be able to edit your user talk page, as well as email administrators and other editors.

For information on how to proceed, please read the FAQ for blocked users and the guideline on block appeals. The guide to appealing blocks may also be helpful.

Other useful links: Blocking policy · Help:I have been blocked
Your IP address is in a range that has been blocked on all Wikimedia Foundation wikis. The block was made by ‪Jon Kolbert‬. The reason given is Open proxy/Webhost: See the help page if you are affected .
- Start of block: 18:27, 12 November 2023
- Expiry of block: 18:27, 12 November 2028
Your current IP address is 54.161.166.4. The blocked range is 54.161.0.0/16. Please include all above details in any queries you make. If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the No open proxies global policy. Otherwise, to discuss the block please post a request for review on Meta-Wiki. You could also send an email to the stewards VRT queue at stewards@wikimedia.org including all above details.

You can view and copy the source of this page:

((Short description|Chinese pirate))
((More citations needed|date=March 2014))
((family name hatnote|[[Cai (surname)|Cai]]|lang=Chinese))
'''Cai Qian''' (((zh|c=蔡牽)); [[pinyin]]: Cài Qiān; 1761–1809) was a [[Chinese people|Chinese]] sea merchant, considered by some a [[pirate]] during the [[Qing dynasty]] era.

== Biography ==
Cai Qian was born in [[Tong'an District]], which is a county in the prefecture of Quanzhou in [[Fujian]], [[China]]. This information is, however, not consistent with the account found in other sources. For example, a contemporary scholar called Jiao Xun identified Zhangzhou as Cai's birthplace while official records show - based on a report by the governor-general of Fujian to the emperor (during [[Ruan Yuan]]'s time as a governor) - that Cai came from the village of Xiapu, also in [[Tong'an District|Tong'an County]].<ref>((Cite book|title=Ruan Yuan, 1764-1849: The Life and Work of a Major Scholar-Official in Nineteenth-Century China before the Opium War|last=Wei|first=Betty|publisher=Hong Kong University Press|year=2006|isbn=9789622097858|location=Hong Kong|pages=85))</ref>

There is very little information about his early life except that he lived a hard life, first working as a peasant and then a fisherman. Due to starvation, he became a pirate in 1794. He was, thereafter, described by fellow pirates as small in stature but quite ambitious, stopping at nothing to rise through the ranks. He was said to have used his own wife to entice a rival into a trap.<ref>Wei, p. 85.</ref> His cunning and ambition allowed him to thrive in the constantly warring gangs and pirate chieftains in the South China Sea.<ref>((Cite book|title=Piracy and Maritime Crime: Historical and Modern Case Studies|last1=Ellerman|first1=Bruce|last2=Forbes|first2=Andrew|last3=Rosenberg|first3=David|publisher=Naval War College Press|year=2011|isbn=9781105042256|location=Newport|pages=39))</ref>

At the height of his power, he and [[Cheung Po Tsai]] commanded hundreds of ships and thousands of pirates; he was Cheung's mate. They predated others on the seas of Fujian, [[Guangdong]] and [[Taiwan Strait]] and came to be considered a major threat to Chinese political stability. Because the [[United Kingdom|British]] businessmen sold English guns to Cheung, the [[Qianlong Emperor]] became angry with the British. The [[Qianlong Emperor]] blamed [[George Macartney, 1st Earl Macartney|George Macartney]] over this issue, leading to Chinese hostility towards the United Kingdom during the [[Chinese Rites controversy]]. In 1799, Cai married a weapons expert who spoke English. Her expertise may have been beneficial to their accumulation of wealth. Some diaries say her name was Lin Yuyau (((lang|zh|林玉腰))) and that she had lived in [[Fangyuan, Changhua]], Taiwan.

In 1802, Cai occupied  [[Xiamen]]'s guns bases.

In 1804 and 1805 Cai and Cheung twice attacked Taiwan's provincial capital of [[Tainan]] but were defeated. In the battle of 1804, Cheung defeated the Qing fleet from [[Wenzhou]]. Within the next four years he fought many battles against Tsai and Cai, vowing to destroy their fleets.

In January 1808, [[Fujian]] and [[Zhejiang]] admirals nearly destroyed their fleet near [[Hong Kong]] through a battle which lasted one day and night. They succeeded in defeating their enemies, causing Qing's navy to begin fearing Cheung and Cai.

In 1809, Wang Delu, now the Captain General of Fujian Navy, surrounded Cai Qian off the coast of Wenzhou (((lang|zh|溫州))) in [[Zhejiang]]. Lacking the strength to escape the encirclement, Cai committed [[suicide]] by shooting himself with a golden bullet.<ref>((cite encyclopedia|last=Hsu|first=Yuliang|title=Cai Qian Incident|url=http://taiwanpedia.culture.tw/en/content?ID=3558|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Taiwan|publisher=Council for Cultural Affairs|access-date=2 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103115653/http://taiwanpedia.culture.tw/en/content?ID=3558#|archive-date=2014-01-03|url-status=dead))</ref>  Rumours claim that Cai had a great treasure which was hidden on [[Matsu Islands]]: it had never been found to this day.

== References ==
((Reflist))

((Pirates))
((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Cai, Qian))
[[Category:1761 births]]
[[Category:1809 deaths]]
[[Category:Hokkien people]]
[[Category:Qing dynasty people]]
[[Category:Chinese pirates]]
[[Category:People from Xiamen]]
[[Category:Suicides in Taiwan]]
[[Category:19th-century pirates]]
[[Category:18th-century Chinese businesspeople]]
[[Category:19th-century Chinese businesspeople]]

Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page (help):

Cai Qian (edit)
Template:Ambox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Authority control (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Cite book (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite encyclopedia (view source) (protected)
Template:Family name explanation (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Family name explanation/core (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Family name hatnote (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Hatnote (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Hlist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:Icon (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Lang (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Lang-zh (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Main other (view source) (protected)
Template:More citations needed (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Template:Pirates (view source) (semi-protected)
Template:Portal-inline (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Reflist (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:SDcat (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Short description (view source) (protected)
Template:Short description/lowercasecheck (view source) (protected)
Template:Zh (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Arguments (view source) (protected)
Module:Authority control (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Authority control/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/blacklist (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/shared (view source) (protected)
Module:Check for unknown parameters (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1 (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/COinS (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Disambiguation (view source) (protected)
Module:Disambiguation/templates (view source) (protected)
Module:EditAtWikidata (view source) (protected)
Module:Exponential search (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/links (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/templates/Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Icon (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Icon/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang-zh (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/ISO 639 synonyms (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana languages (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana regions (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana scripts (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana suppressed scripts (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana variants (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Message box (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/ambox.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/configuration (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Portal (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Portal-inline (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Portal/images/p (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Redirect (view source) (protected)
Module:SDcat (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:String (view source) (protected)
Module:TableTools (view source) (protected)
Module:Template wrapper (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Unicode data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Unicode data/scripts (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Unsubst (view source) (protected)
Module:Yesno (view source) (protected)

Return to Cai Qian.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cai_Qian"