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((main|Canadian science fiction|Science fiction on television))
((see also|List of science fiction TV and radio shows produced in Canada|Television in Canada))
((refimprove|date=September 2015))
'''Canadian science fiction television''' was produced by the [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|CBC]] as early as the 1950s. In the 1970s, [[CTV Television Network|CTV]] produced ''[[The Starlost]]''. In the 1980s, Canadian animation studios including [[Nelvana]], began producing a growing proportion of the world market in animation.

In the 1990s, Canada became an important player in live action speculative fiction on television, with dozens of series like ''[[Forever Knight]]'', ''[[Robocop: The Series|Robocop]]'', and most notably ''[[The X-Files]]'' and ''[[Stargate SG-1]]''. Many series have been produced for youth and children's markets, including ''[[Deepwater Black]]'' and ''[[MythQuest]]''.

In the first decade of the 21st century, changes in provincial tax legislation prompted many production companies to move from Toronto to [[Vancouver]]. Recent series produced in Vancouver include ''[[The Dead Zone (TV series)|The Dead Zone]]'', ''[[Smallville]]'', ''[[Andromeda (TV series)|Andromeda]]'', ''[[Stargate Atlantis]]'', ''[[Stargate Universe]]'', ''[[The 4400]]'', ''[[Sanctuary (Canadian TV series)|Sanctuary]]'' and the reimagined ''[[Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series)|Battlestar Galactica]]''.

Because of the small size of the domestic television market, most Canadian productions involve partnerships with production studios based in the United States and Europe. However, in recent years, new partnership arrangements are allowing Canadian investors a growing share of control of projects produced in Canada and elsewhere.

==History of science fiction television in Canada==
[[Science fiction on television|Science fiction]] in [[Canadian science fiction|Canada]] was produced by the [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|CBC]] in its early years, notably the series ''[[Space Command (TV series)|Space Command]]'' (1953–1954). Actors such as [[James Doohan]] and [[William Shatner]] first appeared on Canadian television, before finding success in the United States. In the 1970s, [[CTV Television Network|CTV]] produced ''[[The Starlost]]'' in its [[Scarborough, Toronto|Scarborough]] studios. In the 1980s, many animation houses, most notably [[Nelvana]], began producing a growing proportion of the world market in animation; Canada has become the world leader in 3D animation with shows like ''[[ReBoot]]'' and ''[[Tripping the Rift]]''. Only in the 1990s, with changes in exchange rates and tax legislation, plus a growing skills set among local production companies which had had success in local production and in producing films for American and international markets, that Canada became an important player in live action speculative fiction on television, with shows like ''[[Forever Knight]]'', ''[[RoboCop: The Series|RoboCop]]'', and most notably ''[[The X-Files]]'' and ''[[Stargate SG-1]]''. The merger that produced [[Alliance Atlantis]] found itself with a large stable of science fiction shows, while [[Lions Gate Television]], [[Fireworks Entertainment]], [[CanWest Global]], and [[CHUM Television]] produced shows of their own. American-based companies like [[20th Century Fox Television|Fox]], [[Warner Bros. Television|Warner Bros.]], [[Paramount Television|Paramount]], and [[Universal Media Studios|Universal]] also built substantial operations in Canada for their productions. During the 1990s and early 2000s, dozens of science fiction shows were produced in Canada, taking large market shares in American and international markets. A large body of shows have been produced for youth and children's markets, including ''[[Deepwater Black]]'', ''[[2030 CE]]'', and ''[[MythQuest]]''; many of these are mainly distributed outside North America.

==Actors and creative staff==
Famous Canadian actors who played popular science fiction roles include [[Dan Aykroyd]], [[John Candy]], [[Jim Carrey]], [[James Doohan]], [[Nathan Fillion]], [[Michael J. Fox]], [[Lorne Greene]], [[Michael Ironside]], [[Leslie Nielsen]], [[Walter Pidgeon]], [[Christopher Plummer]], [[Michael Shanks]], [[William Shatner]], [[Martin Short]], [[Marc Singer]], [[Donald Sutherland]], [[Kiefer Sutherland]], [[Amanda Tapping]], [[Lexa Doig]], [[Laura Bertram]], [[Keanu Reeves]], [[Kristin Kreuk]] and [[Carrie-Anne Moss]].

Well-known Canadian [[filmmaker]]s who have produced science fiction include [[James Cameron]], [[David Cronenberg]], [[Lex Gigeroff]] and [[Norman Jewison]].

Canada's science fiction television industry is closely related to the United States. Many Canadian-born actors like [[Nicole de Boer]], [[Amanda Tapping]], [[Tricia Helfer]], and [[Anthony Michael Hall]] are immediately recognizable to American SF fans, while some American-born actors and producers like [[Christopher Judge]] and [[Peter DeLuise]] have spent most of their working lives in Canada.

The Constellation Awards are awarded annually in Canada to honour the best science fiction or fantasy television or film works of the previous year.

After coming to Canada as a guest at [[Toronto Trek]] in 1994 and 1995, [[Majel Barrett|Majel Barrett Roddenberry]] chose Toronto as a base for producing ''[[Earth: Final Conflict]]'', based on a concept created by her late husband, [[Gene Roddenberry]]; her son [[Rod Roddenberry|Rod]] became a Canadian resident for three years to work with the production team.

==Toronto to Vancouver==
In the early 2000s, changes in provincial tax legislation prompted many production companies to move from Toronto to [[Vancouver]], which already had a strong television production industry. Recent popular shows produced in Vancouver include ''[[The Dead Zone (TV series)|The Dead Zone]]'', ''[[The 4400]]'', ''[[Andromeda (TV series)|Andromeda]]'', ''[[Stargate Atlantis]]'', and the remake of ''[[Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series)|Battlestar Galactica]]''. Since 1995, more than half a billion dollars a year is spent on media production in Vancouver, with $1.4 billion in 2003 alone.<ref name="Vancouver industry">((cite web
|url=http://www.bcfilm.bc.ca/downloadables/BCspend_93.94-04.05.pdf
|title=Canadian vs. Foreign Spent in British Columbia
|publisher=British Columbia Film
|date=2005
|access-date=2007-01-11
)) ((Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot))</ref> Production also began growing in Alberta, Saskatchewan, and elsewhere, such as the production of ''[[Lexx]]'' in [[Halifax Urban Area|Halifax]]. However, Toronto continued to be a base for shows like ''[[Odyssey 5]]'', ''[[Jake 2.0]]'', and ''[[Mutant X (TV series)|Mutant X]]''.

==Foreign control and co-production==
Because of the small size of the domestic television market, most Canadian productions involve partnerships with production studios based in the United States and Europe. This sometimes create long preparation cycles for many shows, with years of delay between initial creative development and actual production. Although American management was a common model for Canadian production in the 1990s, more complex partnership arrangements are allowing Canadian investors a growing share of control of projects produced in Canada. This trend has also resulted in outflowing investment to projects produced in other countries, including [[Doctor Who]], a co-production between the CBC and BBC, and [[Charlie Jade]], developed in Canada but produced in [[South Africa]].

==References==
((reflist))

((Science fiction))

[[Category:Canadian science fiction]]
[[Category:Canadian science fiction television series| ]]
[[Category:History of science fiction]]

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