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((short description|Hardened tool used to cut material from the workpiece))
((Refimprove|date=February 2010))

In the context of [[machining]], a '''cutting tool''' or '''cutter''' is typically a hardened metal [[tool]] that is used to cut, shape, and remove material from a [[workpiece]] by means of [[Machine tool|machining tool]]s as well as [[abrasive tool]]s by way of [[shear deformation]]. The majority of these tools are designed exclusively for [[metal]]s. 

There are several different types of single-edge cutting tools that are made from a variety of hardened metal [[alloy]]s that are ground to a specific shape in order to perform a specific part of the [[Turning|turning process]] resulting in a finished machined part. Single-edge cutting tools are used mainly in the turning operations performed by a [[Metal lathe|lathe]] in which they vary in size as well as alloy composition depending on the size and the type of material being turned. These cutting tools are held stationary by what is known as a ''tool post'', which is what manipulates the tools to cut the material into the desired shape. Single-edge cutting tools are also the means of cutting material performed by [[Shaper|shaping machines]] and [[Planer (metalworking)|planing machines]], which remove material by means of one cutting edge. 

[[Milling (machining)|Milling]] and [[drilling]] tools are often multipoint tools. Drilling is exclusively used to make holes in a workpiece. All [[drill bit]]s have two cutting edges that are ground into two equally tapered angles which cuts through the material by applying downward rotational force. [[Endmill]]s or milling bits, which also cut material by rotational force. Although these tools are not made to put holes in a workpiece. They cut by horizontal shear deformation in which the workpiece is brought into the tool as it's rotating. This is known as the tool path which is determined by the axis of the table that is holding the workpiece in place. This table is designed to accept a variety of vises and clamping tools so that it can move into the cutter at various angles and directions while the workpiece remains still. There are several different types of endmills that perform a certain type of milling action. 

[[Grinding (abrasive cutting)|Grinding]] stones are tools that contain several different cutting edges which encompasses the entirety of the stone. Unlike metallic cutting tools, these grinding stones never go dull. In fact the formation of cutting edges of metallic cutting tools are achieved by the use of grinding wheels and other hard abrasives. There are several different types of grinding stone wheels that are used to grind several different types of metals. Although these stones are not metal, they need to be harder than the metal that they grind. In contrast to the grinding stone, if the hardness of the metal exceeds that of the stone, the metal will cut the stone. This is not ideal. <ref>[https://mechanicalsite.com/cutting-tools Explain Cutting Tools] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190512035101/https://mechanicalsite.com/cutting-tools |date=2019-05-12 )), https://mechanicalsite.com, retrieved 2019-05-12.</ref> Each grain of abrasive functions as a microscopic single-point cutting edge (although of high negative [[rake angle]]), and shears a tiny [[swarf|chip]]. 

[[Cutting tool material]]s must be [[Hardness|harder]] than the material which is to be cut, and the tool must be able to withstand the heat and force generated in the metal-cutting process. Also, the tool must have a specific geometry, with [[clearance angle]]s designed so that the cutting edge can contact the workpiece without the rest of the tool dragging on the workpiece surface. The angle of the [[cutting face]] is also important, as is the [[flute width]], number of flutes or teeth, and [[margin size]]. In order to have a long [[working life]], all of the above must be optimized, plus the [[speeds and feeds]] at which the tool is run.

==Types==
Linear cutting tools include [[tool bit]]s (single-point cutting tools) and [[Broach (metalworking)|broach]]es. Rotary cutting tools include [[drill bit]]s, [[countersink]]s and [[counterbore]]s, [[Tap and die|taps and dies]], [[reamer]]s, and [[cold saw]] blades. Other cutting tools, such as [[bandsaw]] blades, [[hacksaw]] blades, and [[Milling cutter#Fly cutter|fly cutter]]s, combine aspects of linear and rotary motion 

===Cutting tools with inserts (indexable tools)===
Cutting tools are often designed with inserts or replaceable tips ([[tipped tool]]s). In these, the cutting edge consists of a separate piece of material, either brazed, welded or clamped on to the tool body. Common materials for tips include [[cemented carbide]], [[polycrystalline diamond]], and [[Cubic Boron Nitride|cubic boron nitride]].<ref name="stephenson" >((Citation
  | last = Stephenson | first = David A. | last2 = Agapiou  | first2 = John S.
  | title = Metal cutting theory and practice 
  | page = 164 | publisher = Marcel Dekker
  | year = 1997 
  | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=19AdVu1O4fQC&pg=PA164 | isbn = 978-0-8247-9579-5 | postscript =.
))</ref> Tools using inserts include milling cutters ([[endmill]]s, fly cutters), tool bits, and saw blades.

===Holder===

===Tool setup===
The detailed instructions of how to combine the tool assembly out of basic holder, tool and insert can be stored in a [[tool management]] solution.

== Cutting edge ==
The cutting edge of a cutting tool is a very important for the performance of the cutting process. The main features of the cutting edge are:
* form of the cutting edge: radius or waterfall or trumpet (reverse waterfall)
* cutting edge angles

* form and size of the chamfers
The measurement of the cutting edge is performed using a tactile instrument or an instrument using [[focus variation]]. To quantify a cutting edge the following parameters are used:
* cutting edge radius for symmetric edges
* cutting edge ellipse axis for asymmetric edges
* factor K, this is the relation between Sγ and Sα. This can also be calculated by the ratio of the two axis of the ellipse. This factor describes the form of the cutting edge.
* 3 angles: clearance angle, wedge angle, rake (chipping) angle
* Δr
* length and orientation of the bevel
[[File:Schneidkantenprofil.jpg|thumb|Cutting edge profile with parameters]]
One of the most important cutting edge parameters is the K factor. It specifies the form of the cutting edge. 1 means a symmetric cutting edge. If the value is smaller than 1 the form is called a waterfall. If the value is larger than 1 it is called a trumpet. Depending on the material being cut, feed rate and other factors, a cutting tool with the optimum K factor should be used.

==References==
((Reflist))

((Cutting and abrasive tools))

((Authority control))
[[Category:Machining]]
[[Category:Metalworking cutting tools]]

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