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((short description|British barrister))
((for|persons of a similar name|Donald Nichols (disambiguation)))
((EngvarB|date=August 2014))
((Use dmy dates|date=August 2014))
((more citations needed|date=October 2019))
((Infobox officeholder
|honorific-prefix  = [[The Right Honourable]]
|name              = The Lord Nicholls of Birkenhead
|honorific-suffix  = [[Privy Council of the United Kingdom|PC]]
|image             = Lord Nicholls of Birkenhead 1998.jpg
|caption           = Nicholls in [[R v Bow Street Metropolitan Stipendiary Magistrate, ex parte Pinochet|the Pinochet case]], 1998
|order             = 
|office1           = [[Second Senior Lord of Appeal in Ordinary]]
|term_start1       = 1 October 2002
|term_end1         = 10 January 2007 
|predecessor1      = [[Gordon Slynn, Baron Slynn of Hadley|The Lord Slynn of Hadley]]
|successor1        = [[Leonard Hoffmann, Baron Hoffmann|The Lord Hoffmann]]
|monarch1          = [[Elizabeth II]]
|office2           = [[Lord of Appeal in Ordinary]]
|term_start2       = 3 October 1994
|term_end2         = 10 January 2007 
|predecessor2      = [[Sydney Templeman, Baron Templeman|The Lord Templeman]]
|successor2        = [[David Neuberger, Baron Neuberger of Abbotsbury|The Lord Neuberger of Abbotsbury]]
|alongside          = <!--For two or more people serving in the same position from the same district.  (e.g. United States Senators.)-->
|vicepresident      = 
|viceprimeminister  = 
|prior_term         =
|birth_date         = ((Birth date|df=yes|1933|1|25)) 
|birth_place        = United Kingdom
|death_date         = ((Death date and age|df=yes|2019|9|25|1933|1|25)) 
|death_place        = 
|alma_mater         = ((Unbulleted list |[[Liverpool University]] |[[Trinity Hall, Cambridge]]))
|occupation         = Judge
|profession         = 
|cabinet            = 
|committees         = 
))

'''Donald James Nicholls, Baron Nicholls of Birkenhead''', ((postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|PC)) (25 January 1933 &ndash; 25 September 2019)<ref name=Birth>((cite news|title=Birthday's today|url= https://www.telegraph.co.uk/archive/2012-1-25.html |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120125052515/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/archive/2012-1-25.html |url-status= dead |archive-date= 25 January 2012 |newspaper=The Telegraph|access-date=29 April 2014|date=25 January 2012|quote=Lord Nicholls of Birkenhead, a former Lord of Appeal in Ordinary, 79))</ref> was a British [[barrister]] who became a [[Law Lord]] (Lord of Appeal in Ordinary).

==Biography==
Nicholls was educated at [[Birkenhead School]], before reading Law at [[Liverpool University]] and [[Trinity Hall, Cambridge]]. He was [[called to the bar]] in 1958 as a member of the [[Middle Temple]], becoming a [[Queen's Counsel]] in 1974. He was made a [[High Court judge (England and Wales)|High Court judge]] on 30 September 1983,<ref>((London Gazette |issue=49499 |page=13005 |date=5 October 1983))</ref> receiving the customary [[Knight Bachelor|knighthood]]. On 10 February 1986, he was appointed a [[Lord Justice of Appeal]]<ref>((London Gazette |issue=50430 |page=2085 |date=13 February 1986))</ref> and subsequently appointed to the [[Privy Council of the United Kingdom|Privy Council]]. He became [[Chancellor of the High Court|Vice-Chancellor of the Supreme Court]] on 1 October 1991.<ref>((London Gazette |issue=52677 |page=15091 |date=4 October 1991))</ref> He was appointed a [[Lord of Appeal in Ordinary]] on 3 October 1994 and consequently created a [[life peer]] as '''Baron Nicholls of Birkenhead''', of Stoke d'Abernon in the County of [[Surrey]].<ref>((London Gazette |issue=53811 |page=14001 |date=6 October 1994))</ref>

In 1998, Nicholls and the other Law Lords came to the international fore in deciding whether [[Augusto Pinochet]] could be extradited to Spain. Three lords, including Nicholls, rejected the argument that Pinochet was immune from arrest and prosecution for his acts as Head of State in [[Chile]]. They said the [[State Immunity Act 1978]] flouted a battery of international legislation on human rights abuses to which Britain is a signatory, and secondly, it would have meant endorsing the arguments of Pinochet's legal team that British law would have protected even [[Adolf Hitler]]. Nicholls said, ((cquote|International law has made plain that certain types of conduct, including torture and hostage-taking, are not acceptable conduct on the part of anyone. This applies as much to heads of state, or even more so, as it does to everyone else. The contrary conclusion would make a mockery of international law."))

He became Second Senior Law Lord on 1 October 2002,<ref>((London Gazette |issue=56712|date=4 October 2002|page=11976))</ref> and retired in 2007, succeeded by [[Lord Hoffmann]].

From 1998 to 2004, he was a Non-Permanent Judge of the [[Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal]].<ref>'Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal - Former Judges - The Right Honourable The Lord NICHOLLS of Birkenhead' <http://www.hkcfa.hk/en/about/who/judges/former/index_id_38.html> accessed 3 June 2016</ref>

He retired from the membership of the [[House of Lords]] on 3 April 2017.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.parliament.uk/biographies/lords/lord-nicholls-of-birkenhead/2144|title=Lord Nicholls of Birkenhead|publisher=[[Parliament of the United Kingdom|UK Parliament]]|access-date=3 April 2017))</ref>

He died on 25 September 2019 at the age of 86.<ref>((cite web|last1=Nicholls|first1=John|title=Nicholls|url=http://announcements.telegraph.co.uk/deaths/236343/nicholls|website=The Telegraph Announcements|access-date=3 October 2019|date=30 September 2019))</ref>

==Judgments==
*''[[Harries v The Church Commissioners for England]]'' [1992] 1 WLR 1241
*''[[Royal Brunei Airlines Sdn Bhd v Tan]]'' [1995] 2 AC 378
*''[[Attorney General v Blake]]'' [2001] 1 AC 268
*''[[White v White]]'' [2001] 1 AC 596
*''[[Reynolds v Times Newspapers Ltd]]'' [2001] 2 AC 127
* [http://www.bailii.org/cgi-bin/format.cgi?doc=/uk/cases/UKHL/2001/44.html&query=(scotland)+AND+(etridge) ''Royal Bank of Scotland plc v Etridge'' [2001<nowiki>]</nowiki> UKHL 44]
*''[[Fairchild v Glenhaven Funeral Services Ltd]]'' [2002] UKHL 22
*''[[Shogun Finance Ltd v Hudson]]'' [2003] UKHL 62
*''[[Tomlinson v Congleton Borough Council]]'' [2003] UKHL 47
*''[[Wilson v First County Trust Ltd (No 2)|Wilson v First County Trust Ltd]]'' [2003] UKHL 40
*''[https://www.bailii.org/uk/cases/UKHL/2003/21.html Bellinger v Bellinger [2003<nowiki>]</nowiki> UKHL 21]''
*''[[Campbell v Mirror Group Newspapers Ltd]]'' [2004] UKHL 22
*''[[A and others v Secretary of State for the Home Department]]'' [2004] UKHL 56
*''[[Archibald v Fife Council]]'' [2004] UKHL 32
*''[[Ghaidan v Godin-Mendoza]]'' [2004] 2 AC 557
*''[[Cream Holdings Ltd v Banerjee and the Liverpool Post and Echo Ltd]]'' [2004] UKHL 44
*''[[National Westminster Bank plc v Spectrum Plus Ltd]]'' [2005] UKHL 41
*''[[Gregg v Scott]]'' [2005] UKHL 2
*''[[Jackson v Royal Bank of Scotland]]'' [2005] UKHL 3
*''[[Jackson v Attorney General]]'' [2005] UKHL 56
*''[[R (Begum) v Governors of Denbigh High School]]'' [2006] UKHL 15
*''[[R v Saik]]'' [2006] UKHL 18 
*''[[OBG Ltd v Allan]]'' [2007] UKHL 21
*''[[Palk v Mortgage Services Funding plc]]'' [1993] Ch 330

==Publications==
*[[Lord Nicholls]], 'Trustees and their broader community: where duty, morality and ethics converge’ (1995) 9(3) Trusts Law International 71

==Arms==
((Infobox COA wide
|image = [[File:Coronet of a British Baron.svg|centre|150px]][[File:Nicholls of Birkenhead Escutcheon.png|centre|200px]]
|escutcheon = Sable two bars each between two cotises set on the outer edge with birch leaves Or.
|crest = A demi-mole Sable holding between the paws a daffodil slipped and leaved Or.
|supporters = On either side a cormorant wings displayed and inverted Sable beaked and legged Or.
|motto = Let Equity Prevail <ref>((cite book|title=Debrett's Peerage |date=2000))</ref>))

==See also==
*[[English law]]

==References==
((reflist))

((s-start))
((s-legal))
((succession box | before=[[Nicolas Browne-Wilkinson, Baron Browne-Wilkinson|Sir Nicolas Browne-Wilkinson]] | title=[[Chancellor of the High Court|Vice-Chancellor]] | years=1991–1994| after= [[Richard Scott, Baron Scott of Foscote|Sir Richard Scott]] ))
((s-end))

((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Nicholls Of Birkenhead, Donald James, Baron))
[[Category:1933 births]]
[[Category:2019 deaths]]
[[Category:People educated at Birkenhead School]]
[[Category:English barristers]]
[[Category:20th-century English judges]]
[[Category:Knights Bachelor]]
[[Category:Law lords|Nicholls of Birkenhead]] <!--only title-->
[[Category:Alumni of Trinity Hall, Cambridge]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Liverpool]]
[[Category:Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Chancery Division judges]]
[[Category:Members of the Middle Temple]]
[[Category:Members of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council]]
[[Category:21st-century English judges]]
[[Category:Peers retired under the House of Lords Reform Act 2014]]

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