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((Short description|Legal category in Russian SFSR))
((refimprove|date=March 2013))
"'''Traitor to the Motherland family members'''" (((lang-ru | ЧСИР: члены семьи изменника Родины|ChSIR: chleny sem'i izmennika Rodiny | translation =  members of the family of a traitor of the Motherland))) was a term in [[Article 58 (RSFSR Penal Code)|Article 58]] of the Criminal Code of [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Russian SFSR]] (as amended on 8 June 1934 from the original wording of 1927). The amended Article dealt with the criminal prosecution of wives and children ([[kin punishment]]) of all people who were arrested and convicted as [[Enemy of the people|"traitors of the Motherland"]] in the [[Soviet Union]] during [[Great Purge|Stalinist purges of the 1930s]] and later.

==History==
((CSS image crop
|Image =
|bSize = 677
|cWidth = 300
|cHeight = 200
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|Description = Soviet juvenile correctional facility: family members of "traitors" were the [[Thief in law#History|lowest prison caste]] in the Soviet prison system, shown here standing at the far right of the photo, they were forbidden to rest, sit, lay down, or lean during the daytime
))

The [[NKVD]] Order No. 00486<ref>(full name: ''Operational Order of [[People's Commissar]] of Internal Affairs of the USSR by August 15, 1937 # 00486'')</ref> instructed about [[Political repression in the Soviet Union|repression]] of wives and children of [[Enemy of the people|enemies of the people]] convicted [[NKVD Order No. 00447|to execution or imprisonment]]. It was dated August 15, 1937 and signed by [[Nikolai Yezhov]] acting both as chief of NKVD and General Commissar of State Security (chief of [[GUGB]]). The order implemented a resolution by [[Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union|Politburo]].<ref>((Cite web|title = Члены семей репрессированных (ЧСИР) :: NoNaMe|url = http://nnm.me/blogs/vicsd/chleny-semey-repressirovannyh-chsir/|website = nnm.me|accessdate = 2015-07-24|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150725012244/http://nnm.me/blogs/vicsd/chleny-semey-repressirovannyh-chsir/|archive-date = 2015-07-25|url-status = dead))</ref> The corresponding parts of [[Article 58 (RSFSR Penal Code)]] were modified accordingly.<ref>((Cite web|title = Article 58, Criminal Code of the RSFSR (1934)|url = http://www.cyberussr.com/rus/uk58-e.html#58-1a|website = www.cyberussr.com|accessdate = 2015-07-24))</ref>

As an element of the rollback of the [[Great Purge]], on October 17, 1938, the later [[NKVD Order No. 00689]], signed by [[Lavrenty Beria]], said not to arrest wives automatically, together with their husbands, but only after consideration by a single NKVD officer. Only wives that were deemed "politically untrustworthy or socially dangerous" or who knew about the "counter-revolutionary activity" of their husbands were to be arrested.

In 1940, a Politburo decree [[s:ru:О привлечении к ответственности изменников родине и членов их семей|"On prosecution of traitors to the Motherland and their family members"]] and some other documents specified exile to the [[Far North (Russia)|Far North]] of the family members of "traitors of the Motherland" who fled across the border. It primarily concerned the population of the territories newly acquired by the Soviet Union during the early years of [[World War II]]: the [[Baltic States]], [[Western Belarus]] and [[Western Ukraine]] taken from [[Poland]], and [[Northern Bukovina]] taken from [[Romania]].

On June 24, 1942 the [[State Defense Committee]] issued top secret resolution No. 1926SS "On the Family Members of Traitors of the Motherland" that was signed by Stalin and restored some of the original wording.<ref>((Cite news|title = О членах семей изменников родине|url = http://www.kommersant.ru/Doc/776765|newspaper = Журнал "Коммерсантъ Власть"|access-date = 2015-07-24|pages = 52|issue = 24))</ref>

==Order No. 00486==
All cases were to be considered by the [[Special Council of the NKVD]].

Wives were subject to imprisonment into [[labor camp]]s for terms of "at least 5–8 years".

"Socially dangerous" children were to be placed in [[labor camp]]s, corrective [[labor colonies]], or special-regimen [[orphanage]]s (see also: [[Orphans in the Soviet Union]]). The remaining orphaned children were to be placed in ordinary orphanages or with non-convicted relatives (if the latter wished). Personnel of the orphanages to house the children of the convicted were to be purged and refitted with politically reliable staff to properly supervise the "correction" of the children.<ref>Corinna Kuhr, ''Children of ‘Enemies of the People’ as Victims of the Great Purges,'' Cahiers Du Monde Russe 39 (1998): 210.</ref><ref>Catriona Kelly, ''Children's World: Growing Up in Russia, 1890–1991'', New Haven: Yale UP, 2007, 238.</ref>

==See also==
*[[Ancestral sin]]
*[[Bloodline theory]]
*[[Guilt by association]]
*[[Kin punishment]]
*[[Nine familial exterminations]]
*[[Orphans in the Soviet Union#Children of "enemies of the people", 1937–1945]]
*[[Sippenhaft]]

==References==
((reflist))

==External links==
*((Wikisourcelang-inline|ru|Приказ НКВД № 00486|Full text for NKVD Order № 00486 in Russian language))
*((Wikisourcelang-inline|ru|Приказ НКВД № 00689|Full text for NKVD Order № 00689 in Russian language))

[[Category:Collective punishment]]
[[Category:Determinism]]
[[Category:Government documents of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Kinship and descent]]
[[Category:NKVD]]
[[Category:Political and cultural purges]]
[[Category:Soviet phraseology]]

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