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The fictional portrayal of the Solar System has often included planets, moons, and other celestial objects which do not actually exist in reality. Some of these objects were, at one time, seriously considered as hypothetical planets which were either thought to have been observed, or were hypothesized to be orbiting the Sun in order to explain certain celestial phenomena. Often such objects continued to be used in literature long after the hypotheses upon which they were based had been abandoned.

Other non-existent Solar System objects used in fiction have been proposed or hypothesized by persons with no scientific standing; yet others are purely fictional and were never intended as serious hypotheses about the structure of the Solar System.

Vulcan

Main article: Vulcan (hypothetical planet)

Vulcan was a hypothetical planet supposed to revolve around the Sun inside the orbit of Mercury, invoked to explain certain irregularities in Mercury's orbit. The planet was proposed as a hypothesis in 1859, and abandoned not later than 1915.

The name "Vulcan" has been used for various other fictional planets, in and out of the Solar System, that do not correspond to the hypothetical planet Vulcan. The planet Vulcan in the Star Trek franchise, for instance, is specified as orbiting 40 Eridani A.

Counter-Earth

Main article: Counter-Earth

Counter-Earth was a hypothetical planet sharing an orbit with Earth, but on the opposite side of the Sun (hence Earth and Counter-Earth would always be invisible to each other). The idea of a counter-Earth has never been a serious scientific hypothesis in modern times.

Books

Comics

Television and radio

Film

Other

Phaëton

Main article: Phaeton (hypothetical planet)

See also: Asteroids in fiction

A now-superseded theory to explain the existence of the asteroid belt that was popular in the 1800s was that it consists of the remnants of a planet predicted by the Titius–Bode law to exist between Mars and Jupiter that had somehow been destroyed.[9][10][11] The idea was originally proposed by German astronomer Heinrich Olbers, who discovered the asteroids Pallas and Vesta in 1802 and 1807, respectively.[9][10][12][13] In astronomy, this hypothetical former fifth planet is known as Phaëton;[13] in science fiction, it is often called "Bodia" after Johann Elert Bode.[11][14] An early science fiction work that mentions this explanation for the origin of the asteroids is Robert Cromie's 1895 novel The Crack of Doom, which describes the release of energy stored in atomic nuclei a few thousand years ago as the culprit.[9][11][15]

By the pulp era of science fiction, Bodia was a recurring theme. In these stories it is typically similar to Earth and inhabited by humans, often advanced humans and occasionally the ancestors of humans on Earth.[10][14][16][17] Interplanetary warfare with Mars causes the destruction of Bodia—and indirectly, the end of civilization on Mars—in Harl Vincent's 1930 short story "Before the Asteroids".[11][18] An internal disaster resulting in the explosion of the planetary core is responsible in John Francis Kalland's 1932 short story "The Sages of Eros".[10][19] In Leslie F. Stone's 1934 short story "The Rape of the Solar System", war with Mars over the colonization of then-uninhabited Earth results both in the partial destruction of Bodia, thus creating the asteroids, and the displacement of the largest fragment to a much wider orbit to create Pluto, while the settlers on Earth eventually become humanity.[11][20]

Robert A. Heinlein's 1948 novel Space Cadet states that the fifth planet was destroyed as a result of nuclear war, and in Ray Bradbury's 1948 short story "Asleep in Armageddon" (a.k.a. "Perchance to Dream"), the ghosts of the former warring factions infect the mind of an astronaut stranded on an asteroid.[9][11][21] Several works of the 1950s reused the idea to warn of the dangers of nuclear weapons, including Lord Dunsany's 1954 Joseph Jorkens short story "The Gods of Clay" and James Blish's 1957 novel The Frozen Year (a.k.a. Fallen Star).[9][11][12] In Jack Williamson's 1942–1951 Seetee series an antimatter explosion is to blame,[22] and in Theodore Cogswell's 1955 short story "Test Area", the destruction results from a nuclear test conducted by the inhabitants of Mars, while in Heinlein's 1951 novel Between Planets the technology that caused the destruction has been lost to time.[9] The planet's destruction by Martians is also mentioned in Heinlein's 1961 novel Stranger in a Strange Land, and implied to have been caused using supernatural powers.[9][11][23] The 1977 novel Inherit the Stars, the first in James P. Hogan's Giants series, revisits the theme of the fifth planet—here called "Minerva"—being destroyed by nuclear war.[9][11][23]

In Raymond Z. Gallun's 1950 short story "A Step Farther Out", valuables from the destroyed civilization are recovered,[22] and in Harry Harrison's 1969 novel Plague Ship, an ancient virus is found in the asteroid remnants.[24] Paul Preuss's 1985 short story "Small Bodies", where fossils are found on an asteroid, is a late example of the destroyed planet theme;[21][25] it has otherwise largely been relegated to deliberately retro works such as the 1989 tabletop role-playing game Space: 1889.[23] A variation on the theme appears in Clifford D. Simak's 1973 short story "Construction Shack", where the asteroids are leftover material originally intended for the construction of a fifth planet.[9]

Trans-Neptunian planets

"Persephone (planet)" redirects here. For the asteroid, see 399 Persephone.

This article is about fictional planets beyond Neptune. For historical speculation about hypothesized real planets, see Planets beyond Neptune.

This article is about fictional planets beyond Neptune created for various works of fiction. For discussion of the portrayal in fiction of real and fictional sub-planetary objects beyond Neptune, see Trans-Neptunian objects in fiction.

This article is about fictional planets in the Solar System named "Planet X". For fictional extrasolar planets named "Planet X", see Planets in science fiction § P.

Fictional planets in the Solar System beyond the orbit of Neptune have been employed many times as settings or references in science fiction. Following the general reception of Pluto as the ninth planet of the Solar System in 1930, a hypothetical additional planet was sometimes called a "tenth planet". Since 1992, a very large number of objects have been found beyond Neptune; all the objects in the following list, however, are purely fictional. Common names for trans-Neptunian planets in fiction include Planet X, after a planet once believed to lie beyond Neptune, Persephone (or Proserpina), after the wife of Pluto, and Minerva, after the Roman goddess of wisdom and education (which would fit with a planet discovered through mathematical predictions rather than direct observation).

Literature

Film, TV, and radio

Animation

Other

Elsewhere in the Solar System

Rogue planets

Main article: Rogue planet

Rogue planets in fiction usually originate outside the Solar System, but their erratic paths lead them to within detectable range of Earth. In reality, no rogue planet has ever been detected transiting the Solar System.

See also

A photomontage of the eight planets and the MoonNeptune in fictionUranus in fictionSaturn in fictionJupiter in fictionMars in fictionEarth in science fictionMoon in science fictionVenus in fictionMercury in fiction
Clicking on a planet leads to the article about its depiction in fiction.

References

  1. ^ Uploaded to Project Gutenberg on 5 July 2009
  2. ^ Vulcan's Workshop by Harl Vincent - Free Ebook. Gutenberg.org. 2009-07-05. Retrieved 2013-11-16.
  3. ^ Republished in the 1963 anthology Exploring Other Worlds (ISBN 0-02-023110-5) and the 1973 collection The Men and the Mirror (ISBN 0-441-52460-5)
  4. ^ Green, Nunsowe (1882). "A Thousand Years Hence". Retrieved 16 September 2009.
  5. ^ "Don Markstein's Toonopedia: Twin Earths". Toonopedia.com. 1952-06-16. Archived from the original on 2014-04-13. Retrieved 2013-11-16.
  6. ^ "Non Sequitur Comic Strip, July 15, 2009 on". Gocomics.com. Retrieved 2013-11-16.
  7. ^ Actors: William Griffis, Ralph Bell, and Gregory Morton; Producers: Sherman H. Dreyer and Robert Weenolsen (1950-11-15). "Worlds Apart". 2000 Plus. Episode 37. New York, NY, U.S.A. 26:23 minutes in. MBS.
  8. ^ "SNL Transcripts: Michael Palin: 05/12/79: Weekend Update with Jane Curtin & Bill Murray". snltranscripts.jt.org. Retrieved 2016-10-05.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i Stableford, Brian; Langford, David (2023). "Asteroids". In Clute, John; Langford, David; Sleight, Graham (eds.). The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction (4th ed.). Retrieved 2023-10-06.
  10. ^ a b c d Stableford, Brian (2006). "Asteroid". Science Fact and Science Fiction: An Encyclopedia. Taylor & Francis. pp. 40–41. ISBN 978-0-415-97460-8.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i Westfahl, Gary (2021). "Asteroids". Science Fiction Literature through History: An Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. pp. 139–141. ISBN 978-1-4408-6617-3.
  12. ^ a b Hampton, Steven (Summer 2000). Lee, Tony (ed.). "Momentos of Creation: Asteroids & Comets in SF". The Planets Project: A Science Fictional Tour of the Solar System. The Zone. No. 9. pp. 6–7. ISSN 1351-5217.
  13. ^ a b Caryad; Römer, Thomas; Zingsem, Vera (2014). "Steine vom Himmel – und eine Lücke im Sonnensystem" [Rocks from the Sky – and a Gap in the Solar System]. Wanderer am Himmel: Die Welt der Planeten in Astronomie und Mythologie [Wanderers in the Sky: The World of the Planets in Astronomy and Mythology] (in German). Springer-Verlag. pp. 162–164. ISBN 978-3-642-55343-1.
  14. ^ a b Bleiler, Everett Franklin; Bleiler, Richard (1998). "The Science-Fiction Solar System". Science-fiction: The Gernsback Years : a Complete Coverage of the Genre Magazines ... from 1926 Through 1936. Kent State University Press. p. 539. ISBN 978-0-87338-604-3.
  15. ^ Clute, John (2022). "Cromie, Robert". In Clute, John; Langford, David; Sleight, Graham (eds.). The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction (4th ed.). Retrieved 2024-02-18.
  16. ^ Bleiler, Everett Franklin; Bleiler, Richard (1998). "Introduction". Science-fiction: The Gernsback Years : a Complete Coverage of the Genre Magazines ... from 1926 Through 1936. Kent State University Press. pp. xvii. ISBN 978-0-87338-604-3. The "science" in science-fiction of the Gernsback period was not wholly borrowed from the outside world. Some concepts were created on a mythical level. [...] Particularly interesting is the establishment of "Bodia" (according to one cosmology of the day, a former fifth planet whose destruction formed the asteroids) as the ultimate origin of mankind and possessor of a supercivilization.
  17. ^ Bleiler, Everett Franklin; Bleiler, Richard (1998). "Motif and Theme Index". Science-fiction: The Gernsback Years : a Complete Coverage of the Genre Magazines ... from 1926 Through 1936. Kent State University Press. pp. 627–628. ISBN 978-0-87338-604-3. Bode's Fifth Planet, "Bodia." (A hypothetical planet between Mars and Jupiter that broke up to form the asteroid belt. It is usually fictionally considered as Earth-like, with a human population.)
  18. ^ Bleiler, Everett Franklin; Bleiler, Richard (1998). "Vincent, Harl". Science-fiction: The Gernsback Years : a Complete Coverage of the Genre Magazines ... from 1926 Through 1936. Kent State University Press. pp. 455–456. ISBN 978-0-87338-604-3.
  19. ^ Bleiler, Everett Franklin; Bleiler, Richard (1998). "Kalland, John Francis". Science-fiction: The Gernsback Years : a Complete Coverage of the Genre Magazines ... from 1926 Through 1936. Kent State University Press. p. 204. ISBN 978-0-87338-604-3.
  20. ^ Bleiler, Everett Franklin; Bleiler, Richard (1998). "Stone, Leslie F.". Science-fiction: The Gernsback Years : a Complete Coverage of the Genre Magazines ... from 1926 Through 1936. Kent State University Press. p. 417. ISBN 978-0-87338-604-3.
  21. ^ a b Gillett, Stephen L. (2005). "Comets and Asteroids". In Westfahl, Gary (ed.). The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Science Fiction and Fantasy: Themes, Works, and Wonders. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 146–148. ISBN 978-0-313-32951-7.
  22. ^ a b Ash, Brian, ed. (1977). "Technologies and Artefacts". The Visual Encyclopedia of Science Fiction. Harmony Books. pp. 163–164. ISBN 0-517-53174-7. OCLC 2984418.
  23. ^ a b c Caryad; Römer, Thomas; Zingsem, Vera (2014). "Science vs. Fiction: der ganz andere Asteroidengürtel aus Roman und Film" [Science vs. Fiction: The Entirely Different Asteroid Belt from Novel and Film]. Wanderer am Himmel: Die Welt der Planeten in Astronomie und Mythologie [Wanderers in the Sky: The World of the Planets in Astronomy and Mythology] (in German). Springer-Verlag. pp. 170–172. ISBN 978-3-642-55343-1.
  24. ^ Ash, Brian, ed. (1977). "Exploration and Colonies". The Visual Encyclopedia of Science Fiction. Harmony Books. p. 82. ISBN 0-517-53174-7. OCLC 2984418.
  25. ^ Fraknoi, Andrew (January 2024). "Science Fiction Stories with Good Astronomy & Physics: A Topical Index" (PDF). Astronomical Society of the Pacific (7.3 ed.). pp. 2, 7–8. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2024-02-10. Retrieved 2024-02-18.
  26. ^ Albino Carbognani, "Pluto and the astronomy of H.P. Lovecraft", Urania, 30 June 2012
  27. ^ Cities in Flight (Avon, 1970, p.151.
  28. ^ MaliceAforethought (27 August 2018). "SCP-4774 - The Ninth Planet [citation needed]". SCP Foundation. Retrieved 22 December 2021.
  29. ^ Galbraith IV, Stuart (1996). The Japanese Filmography: 1900 through 1994. McFarland. p. 292. ISBN 0-7864-0032-3.
  30. ^ Tubb, E.C. (1975). Space 1999 Breakaway. USA: Pocket Books. ISBN 9780671801847.