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((Other uses|Kazan (disambiguation)))
((short description|Turkic cookware used by boiling or steaming))
((More citations needed|date=July 2015))

[[File:Sumalak being made in a Kazan.jpg|thumb|[[Sumalak]] being made in a kazan in a ground oven.]]
A '''kazan''' or '''qazan'''<ref name=Walker1997 /> is a type of large [[cooking pot]] used throughout [[Central Asia]], [[Afghanistan]], [[Armenia]], [[Azerbaijan]], [[Turkey]],<ref>[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/kazan#Turkish Modern usage of the word "kazan" in Turkish on Wiktionary]</ref> and the [[Balkan Peninsula]], roughly equivalent to a [[cauldron]], [[boiler]], or [[Dutch oven]]. They come in a variety of sizes (small modern cooking pots are sometimes referred to as kazans), and are often measured by their [[volume|capacity]], such as "a 50-litre kazan". Usually their diameter is half a meter.<ref name=Walker1997 /> Kazans are made of [[cast iron]] or in modern times [[aluminum]]<ref name=Walker1997 /> and are used to cook a wide variety of foods, including ''plov'' ([[pilaf]]), [[sumalak]], [[shorpa]], [[kesme]], and [[bawyrsaq]], and as such are an important element in celebrations when food must be prepared for large numbers of guests.

Kazans may be suspended over a fire in a variety of ways. Sometimes metal frames (a tripod called ''sajayaq'')<ref name=Walker1997 /> are made, or alternatively (especially for large kazan), a hole may be dug in the ground which will hold the kazan and provide enough space underneath to keep a fire under it—in this case, an access hole is built in the side to allow the fire to be tended, and to [[fire#Chemistry|let in air]]. Smaller kazans may be used on [usually gas] stoves with the help of a specially designed piece of metal that lets the heat [of the flame] transfer to the kazan while at the same time holding it upright and steady.

== Etymology ==
The origin of the word ''kazan'' can be ultimately traced back to [[Old Turkic]] verb ''kaz-'', meaning "gouge, carve, hollow out" and [[present participle]] suffix of ''+(g)An''. The word evolved to [[Middle Turkic languages|Middle Turkic]] as ''kazğan'', meaning "big copper vessel". Oldest written record of the word in any Turkic language is dated back to [[Mahmud al-Kashgari]]'s 1073 work ''[[Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk]]''. It is also mentioned in [[Codex Cumanicus]].<ref>((Cite web|title=Kazan|url=https://nisanyansozluk.com/?k=kazan|access-date=2020-09-23|website=Nişanyan Sözlük))</ref>

==History==
[[File:Kazan Cast Iron.jpg|thumb|234x234px]]
Kazans seem to have been invented by the Turkic nomads and were used as their basic cooking utensil.<ref name="Walker1997">((cite book|author=Harlan Walker|title=Food on the Move: Proceedings of the Oxford Symposium on Food and Cookery, 1996|year=1997|publisher=Oxford Symposium|isbn=978-0-907325-79-6|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_uYqTiD7SbcQC/page/243 243–44]|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_uYqTiD7SbcQC/page/243))</ref> They resemble in shape the Chinese [[wok]] or the Indian [[karahi]] but differ from them in shape and also lack a handle.<ref name=Walker1997 /> The [[Scythians]] and other [[Iranian peoples]] inhabitants of the western steppes before the Turkic migrations, used different cooking utensils.<ref name=Walker1997 /> They used round bottomed clay and bronze pots having a more big-bellied shape than the hemispherical profile of the kazan.<ref name=Walker1997 /> Some peoples neighboring the Turkic peoples adopted the kazan for its usefulness.<ref name=Walker1997 /> Especially in making ''[[pilaf]]'' (rice) for occasions like weddings.<ref name=Walker1997 />

In the [[Ottoman Empire]], the kazan was the common symbol of the [[janissary]] regiments and they would overturn it to indicate a quarrel with their superiors. This has led to the Turkish expression of "''Kazan devirmek''" "to overturn the kazan" as a synonym for mutiny.<ref name=Walker1997 /> The kazans of Turkey have adopted the typical flat-bottomed shape of the middle east.<ref name=Walker1997 />

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Shorpo cooking in Kazan.jpg|[[Shorpo]] being made in a kazan in Kyrgyzstan.
File:Paloo cooking in a Kazan.jpg|''Plov'' ([[pilaf]]) being made in a kazan suspended above a fire using a metal frame.
File:Frying boorsoq.jpg|Kyrgyz [[boorsoq]] being fried in a stove-top kazan.
File:Plov122.jpg|''Plov'' cooking in a kazan.
File:Комплекс Ахмеда Ясави; казан.jpg|Toy-kazan - translates to "wedding kazan", a kazan big enough to prepare food for wedding guests
</gallery>

==Name of the cities==
[[Gazandjyk]] or Kazandzhik currently Bereket - is a city in [[Balkan Province]] in western [[Turkmenistan]]. The name is composed of ''Kazan'' and ''-jyk'', a diminutive suffix (denoting ''small'' in size), so the name can be translated into English as ''cauldron-ette'' or ''pot-kin''. [[Kazan]] is the capital and largest city of the [[Republic of Tatarstan]] in Russia.

==See also==
* [[List of cooking vessels]]
* [[List of Uzbek dishes]]
* [[Wok]]

==Sources==
((reflist))

[[Category:Uzbekistani cuisine]]
[[Category:Cooking vessels]]

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