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((Use mdy dates|date=January 2023))
((Distinguish|Knight Rider (disambiguation)((!))Knight Rider|Night Rider (disambiguation)((!))Night Rider))
((short description|American media company))
((More citations needed|date=August 2007))
((Infobox company
| name = Knight Ridder
| logo = Knight Ridder logo.gif
| image = Knight Ridder HQ.jpg
| image_caption = The Knight Ridder building in [[San Jose, California]].
| industry = [[Mass media]]
| fate = Purchased by The [[McClatchy]] Company
| predecessor = ((ubl|Knight Newspapers, Inc.|Ridder Publications, Inc.))
| successor = The [[McClatchy]] Company
| founded = ((Start date and age|1974|07|11|mf=y))
| founder = ((ubl|[[John S. Knight]]|[[Herman Ridder]]))
| defunct = ((End date and age|2006|06|27|mf=y))
| hq_location_city = [[San Jose, California|San Jose]], [[California]]
| hq_location_country = [[United States]]
| products = [[Newspaper]]s
))
'''Knight Ridder''' ((IPAc-en|ˈ|r|ɪ|d|ər)) was an American media company, specializing in [[newspaper]] and [[Internet]] [[publishing]]. Until it was bought by [[McClatchy]] on June 27, 2006, it was the second largest newspaper publisher in the United States, with 32 daily newspaper brands sold. Its headquarters were located in [[San Jose, California|San Jose]], [[California]].<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20050428073639/http://www.knightridder.com/about/location.html Where We Are]." Knight Ridder. April 28, 2005. Retrieved on August 28, 2012. "Knight Ridder 50 W. San Fernando St. San Jose, CA 95113" and "Knight Ridder Digital 35 South Market Street San Jose, CA 95113-2302"</ref>

==History==
===Origins===
The corporate ancestors of Knight Ridder were Knight Newspapers, Inc. and Ridder Publications, Inc. The first company was founded by [[John S. Knight]] upon inheriting control of the ''[[Akron Beacon Journal]]'' from his father, [[Charles Landon Knight]], in 1933; the second company was founded by [[Herman Ridder]] when he acquired the ((lang|de|[[New Yorker Staats-Zeitung]]|italic=yes)), a [[German language]] newspaper, in 1892. As [[anti-German sentiment]] increased in the [[interwar period]], Ridder successfully transitioned into English language publishing by acquiring ''[[The Journal of Commerce]]'' in 1926.

Both companies went public in 1969 and merged on July 11, 1974. For a brief time, the combined company was the largest newspaper publisher in the United States.

===At its peak===
Knight Ridder had a long history of innovation in [[technology]]. It was the first newspaper publisher to experiment with [[videotex]] when it launched its [[Viewtron]] system in 1983. After investing six years of research and $50 million into the service, Knight Ridder shut down Viewtron in 1986 when the service's interactivity features proved more popular than news delivery.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.poynter.org/uncategorized/17740/viewtron-remembered-roundtable/|title=Viewtron Remembered Roundtable|access-date=October 19, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020132828/http://www.poynter.org/uncategorized/17740/viewtron-remembered-roundtable/|archive-date=October 20, 2012|url-status=dead))</ref>

Knight-Ridder purchased Dialog Information Services Inc. from [[Lockheed Corporation]] in August 1988. In October 1988, the company placed its eight broadcast television stations up for sale to reduce debt and to pay for the purchase of Dialog.<ref name=ap>((cite news|title=Knight-Ridder Puts 8 TV Stations on Block to Reduce $929-Million Debt|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1988-10-04/business/fi-3435_1_television-stations|access-date=January 26, 2016|work=Los Angeles Times|agency=AP|date=October 4, 1988))</ref>

In 1997, when Tony Ridder was CEO, it bought four newspapers from [[The Walt Disney Company]] formerly owned by [[Capital Cities/ABC Inc.|Capital Cities Communications]], after Disney's purchase of Cap Cities mainly for the [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] television network ([[The Kansas City Star|The ''Kansas City Star'']], ''[[Fort Worth Star-Telegram]]'', ''[[Belleville News-Democrat]]'' and ''[[Times Leader|(Wilkes-Barre) Times Leader]]'' for $1.65 billion. It was, at the time, the most expensive newspaper acquisition in history.

For most of its existence, the company was based in Miami, with headquarters on the top floor of the Miami Herald building. In 1998, Knight Ridder relocated its headquarters from Miami to San Jose, Calif.; there, that city's ''[[The Mercury News|Mercury News]]''—the first daily newspaper to regularly publish its full content online—was booming along with the rest of Silicon Valley. The internet division had been established there three years earlier. The company rented several floors in a downtown high-rise as its new corporate base.

In November 2005, the company announced plans for "strategic initiatives," which involved the possible sale of the company. This came after three major institutional shareholders publicly urged management to put the company up for sale. At the time, the company had a higher [[profit margin]] than many Fortune 500 companies, including [[ExxonMobil]].<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/27/business/yourmoney/27knight.htm?pagewanted=all] ((dead link|date=September 2019))</ref>

====Iraq War====
In the run-up to the [[2003 invasion of Iraq]], Knight Ridder DC Bureau reporters Jonathan Landay and Warren Strobel wrote a series of articles critical of purported intelligence suggesting links between [[Saddam Hussein]], the obtainment of [[weapons of mass destruction]], and [[Al-Qaeda]], citing anonymous sources.

Landay and Strobel's stories ran counter to reports by ''[[The New York Times]]'', ''[[The Washington Post]]'' and other national publications, resulting in some newspapers within the Knight-Ridder chain refusing to run the two reporters' stories. After the war and the discrediting of many initial news reports written and carried by others, Strobel and Landay received the [[Raymond Clapper Memorial Award]] from the Senate Press Gallery on February 5, 2004, for their coverage.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.editorandpublisher.com/news/iraq-coverage-awards-for-kr-upi/|title=Iraq-Coverage Awards for KR, UPI – Editor & Publisher|last=Astor|first=David|website=Editorandpublisher.com|language=en-US|access-date=April 5, 2019|archive-date=March 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304162555/https://www.editorandpublisher.com/news/iraq-coverage-awards-for-kr-upi/|url-status=dead))</ref>

The ''[[Huffington Post]]'' headlined the two as "the reporting team that got Iraq right".<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/the-reporting-team-that-g_n_91981|title=The Reporting Team That Got Iraq Right|last=Follmer|first=Max|date=March 28, 2008|website=HuffPost|language=en|access-date=April 5, 2019))</ref> The ''Columbia Journalism Review'' described the reporting as "unequaled by the Bigfoots working at higher-visibility outlets such as the ''New York Times'', the ''Washington Post'', the ''Wall Street Journal'' and the ''Los Angeles Times''".<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.cjr.org/politics/knightridder_scores_again.php |date=January 19, 2005 |first1=Susan Q. |last1=Stranahan |title=Knight-Ridder Scores (Again)|website=Columbia Journalism Review |access-date=April 5, 2019))</ref>

Later after the war, their work was featured in [[Bill Moyers]]' PBS documentary "Buying The War"<ref>((Cite web|url=http://www.pbs.org/moyers/journal/btw/watch.html|title=Bill Moyers Journal . Buying the War. Watch the Show |website=PBS |access-date=April 5, 2019))</ref> and was dramatized in the 2017 film ''[[Shock and Awe (film)|Shock and Awe]]''.

===Purchase by McClatchy===
On March 13, 2006, [[The McClatchy Company]] announced its agreement to purchase Knight Ridder for a purchase price of $6.5 billion in cash, stock and debt.<ref>((Cite web |url=http://www.mcclatchy.com/news/2006/story/7528982p-7440749c.html |title=McClatchy to Acquire Knight Ridder - Becomes Country's Second Largest Newspaper Publisher |date=March 13, 2006 |website=mcclatchy.com |access-date=April 11, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060409062127/http://www.mcclatchy.com/news/2006/story/7528982p-7440749c.html |archive-date=April 9, 2006 |url-status=dead ))</ref> The deal gave McClatchy 32 daily newspapers in 29 markets, with a total circulation of 3.3 million. However, for various reasons, McClatchy decided immediately to resell twelve of these papers.<ref>((Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/13/business/media/newspaper-chain-agrees-to-a-sale-for-45-billion.html |url-access=subscription |title=Newspaper Chain Agrees to a Sale for $4.5 Billion|last=Seelye|first=Katharine Q.|date=March 13, 2006|work=The New York Times|access-date=January 17, 2019|last2=Sorkin|first2=Andrew Ross|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|author-link2=Andrew Ross Sorkin))</ref>

On April 26, 2006, McClatchy announced it was selling the ''San Jose Mercury News'', ''Contra Costa Times'', ''Monterey Herald'', and ''St. Paul Pioneer Press'' to [[Digital First Media|MediaNews Group]] (with backing from the [[Hearst Communications|Hearst Corporation]]) for $1 billion.<ref>((Cite web|url=http://www.medianewsgroup.com/companynews/2006/McClatch%20MNG%20Release.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060526083950/http://www.medianewsgroup.com/companynews/2006/McClatch%20MNG%20Release.pdf|url-status=dead|title=McClatchy to Sell Four Knight Ridder Newspapers for $1 Billion |publisher=MediaNews Group, Inc. |date=April 26, 2006 |archive-date=May 26, 2006))</ref>

==List of newspapers==
Daily newspapers owned by Knight Ridder and its predecessors – listed alphabetically by place of publication – included:

((div col|colwidth=30em))
* ''[[The American News]]'' ([[Aberdeen, South Dakota]]), 1928–2006
* ''[[Akron Beacon Journal]]'' ([[Akron, Ohio]]), 1903–2006
* ''[[Belleville News-Democrat]]'' ([[Belleville, Illinois]]), 1997–2006
* ''[[The Bellingham Herald]]'' ([[Bellingham, Washington]]), 2005–2006
* ''[[Sun Herald]]'' ([[Biloxi, Mississippi]]), 1986–2006
* ''[[Boca Raton News]]'' ([[Boca Raton, Florida]]), 1969–1997
* ''[[The Idaho Statesman]]'' ([[Boise, Idaho]]), 2005–2006
* ''[[Daily Camera|The Daily Camera]]'' ([[Boulder, Colorado]]), 1969–1997
* ''[[The Herald (Bradenton)]]'' ([[Bradenton, Florida]]), 1973–2006
* ''[[The Charlotte Observer]]'' ([[Charlotte, North Carolina]]), 1955–2006
* ''[[Chicago Daily News]]'' ([[Chicago, Illinois]]), 1944–1959
* ''[[The State (newspaper)|The State]]'' ([[Columbia, South Carolina]]), 1986–2006
* ''[[Columbus Ledger-Enquirer]]'' ([[Columbus, Georgia]]), 1973–2006
* ''[[Detroit Free Press]]'' ([[Detroit|Detroit, Michigan]]), 1940–2005
* ''[[Duluth News Tribune]]'' ([[Duluth, Minnesota]]), 1936–2006
* ''[[The News-Sentinel]]'' ([[Fort Wayne, Indiana]]), 1980–2006
* ''[[Fort Worth Star-Telegram]]'' ([[Fort Worth, Texas]]), 1997–2006
* ''[[Post-Tribune (Indiana newspaper)|The Post-Tribune]]'' ([[Gary, Indiana]]), 1966–1998
* ''[[Grand Forks Herald]]'' ([[Grand Forks, North Dakota]]), 1929–2006
* ''[[The Kansas City Star]]'' ([[Kansas City, Missouri]]), 1997–2006
* ''[[Lexington Herald-Leader]]'' ([[Lexington, Kentucky]]), 1973–2006
* ''[[Long Beach Press-Telegram]]'' ([[Long Beach, California]]), 1952–1997
* ''[[The Telegraph (Macon)|The Telegraph]]'' ([[Macon, Georgia]]), 1969–2006
* ''[[Florida Keys Keynoter]]'' ([[Marathon, Florida]]), 1956–2006
* ''[[The Miami Herald]]'' ([[Miami, Florida]]), 1937–2006
* ''[[El Nuevo Herald]]'' ([[Miami, Florida]]), 1977–2006
* ''[[The Monterey County Herald]]'' ([[Monterey, California]]), 1997–2006
* ''[[The Sun News]]'' ([[Myrtle Beach, South Carolina]]), 1986–2006
* ''[[The Journal of Commerce]]'' ([[New York City]]), 1926–1995
* ''[[The Olathe News]]'' ([[Olathe, Kansas]]), 2000–2006
* ''[[The Olympian]]'' ([[Olympia, Washington]]), 2005–2006
* ''[[Palo Alto Daily News]]'' ([[Palo Alto, California]]), 2005–2006
* ''[[Pasadena Star-News]]'' ([[Pasadena, California]]), 1956–1989
* ''[[Philadelphia Daily News]]'' ([[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]]), 1969–2006
* ''[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]'' ([[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]]), 1969–2006
* ''[[St. Paul Pioneer Press]]'' ([[St. Paul, Minnesota]]), 1927–2006
* ''[[The Mercury News|San Jose Mercury News]]'' ([[San Jose, California]]), 1952–2006
* ''[[The Tribune (San Luis Obispo)|The Tribune]]'' ([[San Luis Obispo, California]]), 1997–2006
* ''[[Centre Daily Times]]'' ([[State College, Pennsylvania]]), 1979–2006
* ''[[Tallahassee Democrat]]'' ([[Tallahassee, Florida]]), 1965–2005
* ''[[East Bay Times|Contra Costa Times]]'' ([[Walnut Creek, California]]), 1995–2006
* ''[[The Wichita Eagle]]'' ([[Wichita, Kansas]]), 1973–2006
* ''[[Times Leader]]'' ([[Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania]]), 1997–2006
((div col end))

==Knight Ridder-owned companies==
A list of companies that were at one time or another owned by Knight Ridder:
* Vu/Text: 1982–1996. Merged with PressLink to become MediaStream.
* PressLink: ??–1996. Merged with Vu/Text to become MediaStream.
* MediaStream: 1996–2001. Acquired by [[NewsBank]]<ref>((Cite web |last=Hane |first=Paula J. |date=February 5, 2001 |title=NewsBank Acquires MediaStream Businesses from Knight Ridder |url=http://www.infotoday.com/newsbreaks/nb010205-1.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722221046/http://newsbreaks.infotoday.com/nbreader.asp?ArticleID=17662 |archive-date=Jul 22, 2020 |website=Information Today))</ref>
* DataStar: Acquired from Radio Schweiz Ltd., merged with Dialog to form Knight Ridder Information
* [[Dialog (online database)]]: Merged with DataStar to form Knight Ridder Information
* Knight Ridder Information: ??–1997, Acquired by MAID, later by Thomson
* Knight Ridder Financial Inc: 1985<!--Buys MoneyCentre and renames it KRFI?? -->–1996. Acquired by Global Financial trading as [[Bridge Information Systems|Bridge Data]].
* RealCities Network:<ref>((Cite web |url=http://www.mcclatchy.com/2006/06/27/1619/the-real-cities-network.html |title=RealCities Network |website=The McClatchy Company |access-date=July 31, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120813085701/http://www.mcclatchy.com/2006/06/27/1619/the-real-cities-network.html |archive-date=August 13, 2012 |url-status=dead ))</ref> 2004–2006. RealCities was a portal/hub website for Knight-Ridder group. It was absorbed with The McClatchy Company into McClatchy Interactive<ref>((Cite web |url=http://www.mcclatchyinteractive.com/ |title=McClatchy Interactive |access-date=July 31, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120803143239/http://www.mcclatchyinteractive.com/ |archive-date=August 3, 2012 |url-status=dead ))</ref> and sold to Chicago-based Centro<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.centro.net/about/ |title=Centro |publisher=Centro |date=January 18, 2018 |access-date=April 9, 2018))</ref> in 2008.

==Knight Ridder-owned television stations==
Knight Newspapers entered broadcasting in 1946 via the purchase of minority ownership stakes in [[WQAM]] in Miami, [[WIND (AM)|WIND]] in Chicago, and [[WAKR]] in Akron; all three stations were in markets served by a Knight newspaper.<ref>((Cite news|url=https://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1946/1946-02-04-BC.pdf|title=Knight Buys 42% WIND Stock From R.L. Atlass for $800,000|date=February 4, 1946|work=[[Broadcasting & Cable|Broadcasting]]|access-date=January 31, 2020|pages=17–74))</ref><ref>((Cite news|url=https://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1945/1945-02-12-BC.pdf|title=Miami-Herald Buys WQAM; Newark News to Get WBYN|date=February 12, 1945|work=[[Broadcasting & Cable|Broadcasting]]|access-date=January 31, 2020|page=14))</ref><ref>((Cite news|url=https://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1946/1946-04-15-BC.pdf|title=John S. Knight Buys 45% Interest in WAKR|date=April 15, 1946|work=[[Broadcasting & Cable|Broadcasting]]|access-date=January 31, 2020|page=30))</ref> The minority stake in WAKR's parent company, Summit Radio, also included the establishment of [[WVPX-TV|WAKR-TV (channel 49)]], as well as [[WONE-FM|WAKR-FM (97.5)]] and six radio stations purchased in [[Dayton, Ohio]], [[Dallas]], Texas, and [[Denver]], Colorado.<ref name="Roger Berk Profile">((Cite news|url=https://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1974/1974-02-25-BC.pdf|title=Profile: The low visibility of a highly involved broadcaster: Roger Berk|date=February 25, 1974|work=[[Broadcasting & Cable|Broadcasting]]|access-date=February 7, 2020|page=73))</ref> WAKR-TV was built and signed on by Summit on July 23, 1953, as the Akron market's [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] affiliate,<ref>((Cite news|last=Cullison|first=Art |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/44314672/wakrtv_signs_with_abc/|title=WAKR-TV Signs With ABC|date=May 24, 1953|work=[[Akron Beacon Journal]]|access-date=February 14, 2020|page=14-E))</ref> moving to channel 23 on December 1, 1967.<ref>((Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/39633956/the_akron_beacon_journal/|title=NEW TOWER OF POWER (Advertisement)|date=December 1, 1967|work=[[Akron Beacon Journal]]|access-date=February 7, 2020|page=B8))</ref> Knight Ridder divested its stake in Summit Radio by 1977;<ref>((Cite news|url=https://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1977/BC-1977-05-02.pdf|title=Closed Circuit: Monomedium|date=May 2, 1977|work=[[Broadcasting & Cable|Broadcasting]]|access-date=February 8, 2020|page=7))</ref> a planned merger between the two entities in 1968 failed to be consummated.<ref name="WAKR 50th Anniversary">((Cite news|last=Dyer|first=Bob |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/43894748/wakr_has_50_years_under_its_belt_will/|title=WAKR has 50 years under its belt: Will past outshine future?|date=October 14, 1990|work=[[Akron Beacon Journal]]|access-date=February 9, 2020|page=F1, [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/43944936/ F5]))</ref>

In 1954, Ridder Newspapers launched [[KBJR-TV|WDSM-TV]] in [[Superior, Wisconsin|Superior]], [[Wisconsin]], serving the [[Duluth, Minnesota|Duluth]], [[Minnesota]] market. Initially a [[CBS]] affiliate, it switched to its present [[NBC]] affiliation a year and a half after the station's launch. It was spun off after Ridder's merger with Knight Newspapers, Inc.

From 1956 to 1962, Knight and the [[Cox Media Group|Cox publishing family]] jointly operated Biscayne Television, which owned [[NBC]] affiliate [[WSVN|WCKT]] in [[Miami|Miami, Florida]], as well as [[WIOD|WCKR radio]], which this entity purchased from Cox;<ref name="Miam560311">((Cite news |last=Anderson |first=Jack |date=March 11, 1956 |title=Here's the First Look at New WCKT Television Studio |page=9B |newspaper=The Miami Herald |location=Miami, Florida |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/94963752/heres-the-first-look-at-new-wckt/ |url-status=live |access-date=February 14, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220214232653/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/94963752/heres-the-first-look-at-new-wckt/ |archive-date=February 14, 2022 |via=Newspapers.com))</ref> Knight sold off WQAM to a third party as part of Biscayne's formation.<ref name="Miam540120">((Cite news |date=January 20, 1954 |title=FCC Sets Hearings On Channel 7 Bids |page=1A |newspaper=The Miami News |location=Miami, Florida |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/94815426/fcc-sets-hearings-on-channel-7-bids/ |url-status=live |access-date=February 12, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212204535/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/94815426/fcc-sets-hearings-on-channel-7-bids/ |archive-date=February 12, 2022 |via=Newspapers.com))</ref> Revelations of improper behavior and underhanded tactics by Biscayne<ref name="Miam580603">((Cite news |date=June 3, 1958 |title=Pressure Is Usual, FCC Prober Finds |pages=1A–[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/94704307/pressure-is-usual-fcc-prober-finds-p2/ 2A] |newspaper=The Miami Herald |agency=Associated Press |location=Miami, Florida |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/94704256/pressure-is-usual-fcc-prober-finds/ |url-status=live |access-date=February 11, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220211041130/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/94704256/pressure-is-usual-fcc-prober-finds/ |archive-date=February 11, 2022 |via=Newspapers.com))</ref><ref name="Miam580602">((Cite news |last=Einstein |first=Paul |date=June 2, 1958 |title=Pressure Put On Mack For Channel 7 Is Told |pages=1A–[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/94703318/pressure-put-on-mack-for-channel-7-is/ 2A] |newspaper=The Miami News |location=Miami, Florida |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/94703280/pressure-put-on-mack-for-channel-7-is/ |url-status=live |access-date=February 11, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220211041129/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/94703280/pressure-put-on-mack-for-channel-7-is/ |archive-date=February 11, 2022 |via=Newspapers.com))</ref><ref name="Miam590404">((Cite news |date=April 4, 1959 |title=Channel 7 Award Is Reopened |page=A1 |newspaper=The Miami Herald |agency=United Press |location=Miami, Florida |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/94709085/channel-7-award-is-reopened/ |url-status=live |access-date=February 11, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220211061416/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/94709085/channel-7-award-is-reopened/ |archive-date=February 11, 2022 |via=Newspapers.com))</ref> and [[National Airlines (1934–1980)|National Airlines]] (which signed on [[WPST-TV]], also in Miami<ref name="Miam580218">((Cite news |date=February 18, 1958 |title=Did Mack 'Jilt' Katzentine on TV Station? |page=1 |newspaper=The Miami Herald |location=Miami, Florida |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/94698748/did-mack-jilt-katzentine-on-tv/ |url-status=live |access-date=February 11, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220211041125/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/94698748/did-mack-jilt-katzentine-on-tv/ |archive-date=February 11, 2022 |via=Newspapers.com))</ref>) to secure their licenses, along with ethics violations within the FCC itself, resulted in the licenses for both stations being revoked.<ref name="Miam600715">((Cite news |last=Kraslow |first=David J. |date=July 15, 1960 |title=FCC Switches Ch. 10 Permit To Ohio Firm |pages=1A-[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/94741699/fcc-switches-ch-10-permit-to-ohio/ 2A] |newspaper=The Miami Herald |location=Miami, Florida |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/94741648/fcc-switches-ch-10-permit-to-ohio-firm/ |url-status=live |access-date=February 11, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220214234511/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/94741648/fcc-switches-ch-10-permit-to-ohio-firm/ |archive-date=February 14, 2022 |via=Newspapers.com))</ref><ref name="Miam610727">((Cite news |date=July 27, 1961 |title=FCC Lifts Channel 7 Franchise |page=1A |newspaper=The Miami Herald |location=Miami, Florida |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/95028165/fcc-lifts-channel-7-franchise/ |url-status=live |access-date=February 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220216043304/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/95028165/fcc-lifts-channel-7-franchise/ |archive-date=February 16, 2022 |via=Newspapers.com))</ref> A replacement license for WCKT was granted in 1960 to [[Sunbeam Television]], the lone bidder for the prior license not to have engaged in any unethical behavior;<ref name="Tamp600612">((Cite news |date=June 12, 1960 |title=FCC Orders Inquiry Into Miami TV Cases |page=9A |newspaper=Tampa Bay Times |agency=Associated Press |location=St. Petersburg, Florida |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/94710139/fcc-orders-inquiry-into-miami-tv-cases/ |url-status=live |access-date=February 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220211061418/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/94710139/fcc-orders-inquiry-into-miami-tv-cases/ |archive-date=February 11, 2022 |via=Newspapers.com))</ref><ref name="Miam610316">((Cite news |last=Anderson |first=Jack |date=March 16, 1961 |title=Ch. 7 Switched; New Station OKd |page=1A |newspaper=The Miami Herald |location=Miami, Florida |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/74592196/ch-7-switched-new-station-okd/ |url-status=live |access-date=February 11, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220211152629/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/74592196/ch-7-switched-new-station-okd/ |archive-date=February 11, 2022 |via=Newspapers.com))</ref> Biscayne sold to Sunbeam WCKT's non-license assets: the studios, [[intellectual property]] and all off- and on-air personnel for the new station, which took the WCKT name for continuity.<ref name="Miam621116">((Cite news |last=Anderson |first=Jack |date=November 16, 1962 |title=If Channel 7 Sale Okd: $2 Million Gift Headed for UM? |page=C1 |newspaper=The Miami Herald |location=Miami, Florida |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/74549171/if-channel-7-sale-okd-2-million-gift/ |url-status=live |access-date=February 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220215204919/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/74549171/if-channel-7-sale-okd-2-million-gift/ |archive-date=February 15, 2022 |via=Newspapers.com))</ref> Cox repurchased WCKR, reviving that station's prior WIOD call sign.<ref name="Miam621115">((Cite news |last=Anderson |first=Jack E. |date=November 15, 1962 |title=Channel 7 Sale Is Proposed |pages=1A–[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/95032847/channel-7-sale-is-proposed-p2/ 2A] |newspaper=The Miami Herald |location=Miami, Florida |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/95032813/channel-7-sale-is-proposed/ |url-status=live |access-date=February 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217034334/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/95032813/channel-7-sale-is-proposed/ |archive-date=February 17, 2022 |via=Newspapers.com))</ref>

Following the divestment of their stake in Summit Radio, Knight Ridder acquired Poole Broadcasting, which consisted of [[WJRT-TV]] in [[Flint, Michigan|Flint]], [[Michigan]], [[WTEN]] in [[Albany, New York|Albany]], [[New York (state)|New York]] and its satellite WCDC in [[Adams, Massachusetts|Adams]], [[Massachusetts]], and [[WPRI-TV]] in [[Providence, Rhode Island|Providence]], [[Rhode Island]]. Immediately after the acquisition of these stations was finalized, Knight Ridder cut a corporate affiliation deal with ABC, switching then-CBS affiliates WTEN/WCDC and WPRI (the latter of which eventually rejoined CBS) to ABC (WJRT was already affiliated with ABC when the affiliation deal was made). As part of the deal, Poole Broadcasting would eventually become Knight Ridder Broadcasting. Knight Ridder would acquire several television stations in medium-sized markets during the 1980s, including three stations owned by ''[[The Detroit News]]'' which the [[Gannett Company]]—which purchased the newspaper in 1986—could not keep due to [[Federal Communications Commission]] regulations on media cross-ownership and/or television duopolies then in effect. (None of Knight Ridder's later acquisitions changed their network affiliations under Knight Ridder ownership; for example, then-NBC affiliate [[WALA-TV]] in [[Mobile, Alabama|Mobile]], [[Alabama]] remained an NBC affiliate when it was owned by Knight Ridder and would switch to [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]] several years after Knight Ridder sold the station.)

In early 1989, Knight Ridder announced its exit from broadcasting, selling all of its stations to separate buyers; the sales were finalized in the summer and early fall of that year. This deal was made in order to reduce their debt loads from the proceedings.<ref>((Cite news|title=Site Map - January 16, 1989|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/sitemap/1989/01/16/|access-date=November 2, 2021|issn=0362-4331))</ref> One of the stations, [[WALA-TV]] went to Burnham Broadcasting for $40 million, while [[WKRN-TV|WKRN]] would go to [[Young Broadcasting]] for $50 million, [[KOLD-TV]] to [[News-Press & Gazette Company]] for an undisclosed price, and two television stations [[WPRI-TV|WPRI]] and [[WTKR]] to Narragansett Television L.P. for $150 million on February 18, 1989.<ref>((Cite web|last=Feb. 18|first=L. A. Times Archives|last2=Pt|first2=1989 12 Am|date=February 18, 1989|title=Knight-Ridder Has Bidders for Its TV Stations : Expects 8 Properties to Pull Total of $400 Million|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-02-18-fi-2370-story.html|access-date=November 2, 2021|website=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US))</ref> This was followed by the following month with the sale of [[KFOR-TV|KTVY-TV]] to [[WHO-DT|WHO-TV]] owner Palmer Communications, for $50 million.<ref>((Cite news|last=Ap|date=March 2, 1989|title=Palmer to Buy Knight Station|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/03/02/business/palmer-to-buy-knight-station.html|access-date=November 2, 2021|issn=0362-4331))</ref> [[WTEN]] was the next-to-last station to be sold, going to [[Young Broadcasting]] for $38 million,<ref>((Cite news|date=March 20, 1989|title=Knight-Ridder's legacy: more meager multiples|work=[[Broadcasting & Cable|Broadcasting]]|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Business/Magazines/Archive-BC-IDX/89-OCR/BC-1989-03-20-OCR-Page-0027.pdf|access-date=November 2, 2021))</ref> and [[WJRT-TV|WJRT]] would eventually becoming the final Knight Ridder station, to be sold to [[Lilly Broadcasting|SJL Broadcasting]] for $39 million.<ref>((Cite news|date=May 1, 1989|title=Ownership Changes|work=[[Broadcasting & Cable|Broadcasting]]|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Business/Magazines/Archive-BC-IDX/89-OCR/BC-1989-05-01-OCR-Page-0138.pdf|access-date=November 2, 2021))</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! [[City of license]] / [[Media market|Market]]
! Station
! Channel<br />[[Virtual channel|TV]] ([[Digital terrestrial television|RF]])
! Years owned
! Current status
|-
|[[Akron, Ohio|Akron]]–[[Cleveland|Cleveland, OH]]
!WAKR-TV((efn|While this station was owned by Summit Radio from 1953 to 1994, Knight Newspapers held a 45 percent minority stake in Summit that predated this station's establishment, this was fully divested by Knight Ridder in 1977.))
|23 (22)
|1953–1977
|[[Ion Television]] affiliate, [[WVPX-TV]], owned by Inyo Broadcast Holdings
|-
| [[Mobile, Alabama|Mobile, AL]]–[[Pensacola, Florida|Pensacola, FL]]
! [[WALA-TV]]
| 10 (9)
| 1986–1989
| [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]] affiliate owned by [[Gray Television]]
|-
| [[Tucson, Arizona|Tucson, AZ]]
! [[KOLD-TV]]
| 13 (32)
| 1986–1989
| [[CBS]] affiliate owned by Gray Television
|-
| [[Miami|Miami, FL]]
! WCKT((efn|Co-owned by Knight Newspapers and Cox Newspapers, long before Knight's merger with Ridder Publications.))
| 7 (7)
| 1956–1962
| Fox affiliate [[WSVN]], owned by [[Sunbeam Television]]((efn|The license for WCKT under Cox-Knight ownership was revoked by the FCC, with the current license dating back to 1962. However, most contemporary accounts and WSVN itself recognize the history of both WCKTs as one and the same.))
|-
| [[Flint, Michigan|Flint, MI]]
! [[WJRT-TV]]
| 12 (12)
| 1978–1989
| [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] affiliate owned by [[Entertainment Studios#Allen Media Broadcasting|Allen Media Broadcasting]]
|-
| [[Albany, New York|Albany, NY]]
! [[WTEN]]
| 10 (26)
| 1978–1989
| ABC affiliate owned by [[Nexstar Media Group]]
|-
| [[Adams, Massachusetts|Adams, MA]]
! [[WTEN#WCDC|WCDC-TV]]((efn|Satellite of WTEN.))
| 19 (36)
| 1978–1989
| Defunct, license cancelled in 2018
|-
| [[Oklahoma City|Oklahoma City, OK]]
! KTVY
| 4 (27)
| 1986–1989
| [[NBC]] affiliate [[KFOR-TV]], owned by Nexstar Media Group
|-
| [[Providence, Rhode Island|Providence, RI]]
! [[WPRI-TV]]
| 12 (13)
| 1978–1989
| CBS affiliate owned by Nexstar Media Group
|-
| [[Nashville, Tennessee|Nashville, TN]]
! [[WKRN-TV]]
| 2 (27)
| 1983–1989
| ABC affiliate owned by Nexstar Media Group
|-
| [[Norfolk, Virginia|Norfolk, VA]]
! [[WTKR]]
| 3 (40)
| 1981–1989
| CBS affiliate owned by the [[E. W. Scripps Company]]
|-
| [[Superior, Wisconsin|Superior, WI]]–[[Duluth, Minnesota|Duluth, MN]]
! WDSM-TV((efn|Owned by Ridder Publications until the merger between Ridder and Knight forced its divestiture.))
| 6 (19)
| 1954–1974
| NBC affiliate [[KBJR-TV]], owned by [[Gray Television]]
|}
((notelist))

==Media==
((Portal|San Francisco Bay Area|Journalism|Companies))
• [[Shock and Awe (film)|''Shock and Awe'']], 2018 film about a group of journalists at Knight Ridder's Washington Bureau who investigate [[Rationale for the Iraq War|the reasons]] behind the [[Presidency of George W. Bush|Bush Administration]]'s [[2003 invasion of Iraq]].

==Notable people==
* [[Lee Hills (journalist)|Lee Hills]]

==References==
((Reflist))

==Further reading==
* ((cite book |last= Merritt |first= Davis |author-link1= W. Davis Merritt |date= 2005 |title= Knightfall: Knight Ridder and How the Erosion of Newspaper Journalism Is Putting Democracy at Risk |url= https://archive.org/details/knightfallknight00merr |location= [[New York City|New York]] |publisher= [[American Management Association|Amacom]] |isbn= 0814408540 |url-access= registration ))

==External links==
((commons category))
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050305065344/http://www.knightridder.com/about/corphistory.html Knight Ridder - Chronology] (Archive)
* [http://news.mcclatchy.com/ Knight Ridder Washington Bureau]

((McClatchy))

[[Category:Knight Ridder]]
[[Category:McClatchy]]
[[Category:1933 establishments in Ohio]]
[[Category:2006 disestablishments in California]]
[[Category:Companies based in San Jose, California]]
[[Category:Defunct companies based in the San Francisco Bay Area]]
[[Category:Defunct broadcasting companies of the United States]]
[[Category:Defunct financial data vendors]]
[[Category:Mass media companies established in 1933]]
[[Category:Mass media companies disestablished in 2006]]
[[Category:Mass media in the San Francisco Bay Area]]
[[Category:Ridder family]]
[[Category:2006 mergers and acquisitions]]
[[Category:1933 establishments in California]]

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