The E. W. Scripps Company is an American broadcasting company founded in 1878 as a chain of daily newspapers by Edward Willis "E. W." Scripps and his sister, Ellen Browning Scripps. It was also formerly a media conglomerate. The company is headquartered at the Scripps Center in Cincinnati, Ohio.[2] Its corporate motto is "Give light and the people will find their own way", which is symbolized by the media empire's longtime lighthouse logo.[3]
In 1894, Scripps and his half-brother, George H. Scripps, organized their various papers into the first modern newspaper chain. In July 1895, it was named the Scripps-McRae League to reflect the leadership of Cincinnati Post general manager Milton A. McRae, a longtime partner.[5][6] The company expanded during the decade to publish newspapers in California, Denver, Chicago, Dallas and Nashville and elsewhere.[4]
20th century
In early November 1922, the Scripps-McRae League was renamed Scripps-Howard Newspapers to recognize company executive Roy W. Howard.[7] On November 23, the E. W. Scripps Company was incorporated and placed in trust for Scripps' children and grandchildren.[8] The company's shares were divided into two types: Class A Common Shares, which were traded on the New York Stock Exchange, and common voting shares, which were not publicly traded and elected a majority of the company's directors. (A number of media companies, including the New York Times Company and the Washington Post organization, are governed by this system so that the descendants of the company's founders can keep control of the company.[9]) E. W. Scripps died in 1926.
On June 2, 1902, Scripps founded the Newspaper Enterprise Association (NEA), based in Cleveland, Ohio, as a news report service for different Scripps-owned newspapers. It started selling content to non-Scripps owned newspapers in 1907, and by 1909, it became a more general syndicate, offering comics, pictures and features as well. It moved from Cleveland to Chicago in 1915, with an office in San Francisco. NEA rapidly grew and delivered content to 400 newspapers in 1920 and about 700 in 1930.[10] Today, it is the oldest syndicate still in operation.
Scripps created the United Pressnews agency in 1907 by uniting three smaller syndicates and controlled it until a 1958 merger with William Randolph Hearst's smaller competing agency, INS, to form United Press International. With the Hearst Corporation as a minority partner, UPI continued under Scripps management until it was sold off in 1982.[11][12][13][14] A separate wire service, the Scripps Howard News Service, operated for 96 years from 1917 to 2013.[15]
United Feature Syndicate was formed in 1919 as a division of UP to distribute editorial columns, features and comic strips, and became a dominant player in the syndication market in the fall of 1931 thanks to Scripps' acquisition of the New York World, which controlled the Pulitzer company's syndication arms, Press Publishing Co. and World Feature Service.[16][17][18][15] In May 1978, Scripps merged United Feature Syndicate and Newspaper Enterprise Association to form United Media Enterprises.[19][20]
The company expanded its newspaper holdings throughout the pre-World War II period, acquiring many titles and merging them, including the Rocky Mountain News and Knoxville News-Sentinel. A trickle of closures and sales occurred over the next few decades. In 1966, Scripps' New York World-Telegram was merged into the New York World Journal Tribune, which closed in 1967. Papers in Indianapolis, Washington, Houston and Fort Worth were closed in the 1960s and 1970s, and the former flagship Cleveland Press was sold in 1980. Scripps also closed properties in Memphis, Columbus, Thousand Oaks and El Paso throughout the 1980s and 1990s, while selling the Pittsburgh Press in 1992.
In 1985, the company went into home video foray with its acquisition of Kartes Video Communications in an effort to expand the marketplace.[21] Two years later, Scripps Howard sold off Kartes Video Communications back to its founders, after an aborted deal where Scripps-Howard's acquisition of Hanes failed.[22]
Scripps made its first foray into broadcasting in 1935, forming a company called Continental Radio and buying radio stations WCPO in Cincinnati and WNOX in Knoxville. After the war, In 1947, Scripps opened its first television station, Cleveland-based WEWS-TV, with Memphis-based WMC-TV and Cincinnati-based WCPO-TV in subsequent years.[4] It now owns dozens of TV and radio stations. In the 1980s and 1990s, Scripps became a cable television provider and also developed programming for cable, notably SportSouth (currently Bally Sports South) in 1990 (in a joint venture with Turner Broadcasting and TCI), Food Network in 1993 and HGTV in 1994. (Scripps spun off its cable properties into Scripps Network Interactive in 2008.)
The company went public with an IPO in 1988 and was traded on the NASDAQ.[4] It owned 20 daily newspapers and 9 television stations at the time, with and cable systems in 10 states. The company completed a new downtown Cincinnati headquarters, the 35-story high-rise Scripps Center, in 1990.[25] In 1991, Scripps transferred its shares to the New York Stock Exchange.
After a test launch at WFTS-TV in 2009, Scripps television stations launched YouTube channels in 2010. These are similar to YouTube channels operated by Hearst Television and LIN Television.
On February 24, 2011, United Media struck a distribution deal with Universal Uclick (now known as Andrews McMeel Syndication) for syndication of the company's 150 comic strip and news features, which became effective on June 1 of that year.[26][27] At that point, United Media, and by extension the Scripps Company, exited the syndication business.[28]
On September 12, 2011, Scripps partnered with Cox Media Group and Raycom Media to launch Right This Minute, a viral video program. On the same day, Scripps launched The List, a news magazine. Both were part of an approach for "homegrown" programming—programming created by Scripps. Raycom also launched America Now on the same day. The creator of RTM and The List applied this "homegrown" programming approach to Tegna in 2015, with the launch of T.D. Jakes. Scripps launched Let's Ask America in 2013 (now cancelled), partnering with Telepictures to do so, and Pickler and Ben in 2017.
On October 3, 2011, Scripps announced it was purchasing the television arm of McGraw-Hill for $212 million.[29] This purchase nearly doubled the number of Scripps stations to 19 with a combined reach of 13% of U.S. households. Upon the 2012 death of E. W. Scripps' grandson, Robert Scripps, the Edward W. Scripps Trust was dissolved and its stock divided among the surviving trustees.[9]
In December 2013, Scripps purchased Newsy for $35 Million.[30]
On July 30, 2014, Scripps and Journal Communications announced that the two companies would merge and spin-off their newspaper assets.[31] The deal created a broadcast group under the E. W. Scripps Company name and retaining the Cincinnati headquarters, and a newspaper company based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, under the Journal Media Group name.[32] The FCC approved the deal on December 12, 2014, and it was approved by shareholders on March 11, 2015.[33] The merger and spinoff were completed on April 1, 2015.[34][35] In turn, Journal Media Group was acquired by Gannett Company on April 8, 2016. Gannett had also shed their television and broadcast operations into a spin-off, Tegna, months after the Scripps-Journal merger.
On August 1, 2017, Scripps announced the purchase of Katz Broadcasting and its three networks plus Bounce which Katz operates, for $292 million, acquiring the other 95% of the company.[38] The purchase was completed on October 2, 2017.[39] On May 22, 2018, Scripps announced that it was changing its common stock listing back from the NYSE to Nasdaq, which occurred on June 4, 2018.[40]
The distribution rights to properties syndicated by United Media were outsourced to Universal Uclick in February 2011. While United Media effectively ceased to exist, Scripps still maintains copyrights and intellectual property rights.[26][27]
Scripps' broadcast television stations division—also commonly known as Scripps Media or Scripps Howard Broadcasting, formerly Continental Radio, currently owns or operates 62 television stations in forty-three markets, with full-power and low-power stations as well as rebroadcaster, translator, repeater and satellite stations included. Among them, nineteen ABC affiliates, twelve CBS affiliates, eleven NBC affiliates, six Fox affiliates, four CW affiliates, three specialty network affiliated stations, one MyNetworkTV affiliate and one station independent of any network affiliation.
History
1935–1947: Early history, radio era
The company was formed in 1935 when Scripps Howard made its foray into broadcasting by bought out radio station WDBZ, renaming it WCPO after newspaper The Cincinnati Post.[42]
Later on, Scripps purchased radio station, WNOX from the Sterchi Brothers furniture chain.[43][44] In 1936, The Commercial Appeal was purchased by the Scripps Howard newspaper chain, which included the WMC stations.[45] In 1937, the Memphis Press-Scimitar bought out WGBC from First Baptist Church of Memphis in 1937 and changed the letters to WMPS.
1947–1977: The television era
In 1947, Scripps expanded its broadcast holdings by opening its first television station, Cleveland-based WEWS-TV. This was followed in 1948 by Memphis-based WMC-TV and Cincinnati-based WCPO-TV in 1949.[4]
The company expanded its television holdings in 1961 by purchasing West Palm Beach station WPTV-TV from the Phipps family. It was followed nearly nine years later by its purchase of its Tulsa station KVOO-TV from Central Plains Enterprises. The sale received FCC approval on November 25, 1970, and was finalized the following month on December 31.[46][47] On January 1, 1971, the day after the Scripps purchase was completed, the station changed its call letters to KTEW-TV (standing for "Tulsa E.W. Scripps", and also easily interpreted as sounding like the phoneticism for "two"). This change was made due to an FCC rule in effect at the time that banned TV and radio stations in the same market, but with different owners from sharing the same call letters.[48]
By 1963, the company has taken on its familiar name Scripps-Howard Broadcasting Company, and made it public.[49]
1977–1994: The independent expansion
In 1977, the company expanded its focus onto independent station territory by purchasing KBMA-TV in Kansas City from the Businessmen's Assurance Company of America, but in 1981 the station was renamed to KSHB-TV. Nearly seven years later, in 1984, after Edwin Copperstein rebuffed a bid from Tribune Company, Scripps immediately purchased independent station, KNXV-TV in Phoenix. To make room for the sale, Scripps was required to divest itself of radio stations KMEO-AM-FM.[50]
Nearly one year later, Scripps purchased ABC station, WXYZ-TV in Detroit, and independent station WFTS-TV in Tampa Bay from Capital Cities Communications as part of a spin-off reorganization, after the FCC felt that the combination of Cap Cities and ABC exceeded the new ownership limit of 12 stations and the 25% national reach limit.[51][52] On October 9, 1986, two of Scripps' stations in Phoenix and Kansas City became affiliates of the Fox Broadcasting Company television network.[53] A third independent station in Tampa Bay joined Fox in 1988 after WTOG-TV disaffiliated from the network.[54]
In 1988, the broadcasting division of the company started its own production company Scripps Howard Productions in order to produce and market television programs.[49]
In the summer of 1990, Scripps bought out the NBC Baltimore affiliate WMAR-TV from Gillett Communications, but in February 1991 the transfer was canceled after Scripps accused Gillett of misreporting WMAR's financial statements. Gillett then took legal action against Scripps,[55] but both sides settled and the sale went forward. Scripps took control of the station in the spring of 1991.[56]
On July 19, 1993, Scripps sold WMC-AM-FM-TV to Atlanta businessman Bert Ellis and his new company, Ellis Communications.[57]
In 1994, Scripps acquired the Knoxville-based Cinetel Productions to serve as a production base for a new home lifestyle-oriented cable network, which would eventually launch in December as HGTV. Scripps later acquired a stake in the Food Network, and launched a spin-off of HGTV known as DIY Network.[58][59][60]
On May 23, 1994, Fox purchased a 20 percent stake in New World Communications, owner of multiple long-tenured major-market CBS affiliates, in what was a $500 million investment.[61] In turn, 12 stations either owned by—or in the process of being purchased by—New World would switch network affiliations to Fox after existing contracts expired per-station.[62][63] Three of the displaced Fox affiliates were owned by Scripps: KNXV-TV, WFTS-TV and KSHB-TV.[64] This prompted CBS to court Scripps for a deal with KNXV and WFTS, along with long-tenured ABC affiliates WXYZ-TV and WEWS-TV; a proposed deal also included CBS purchasing a minority stake in HGTV.[65] ABC's counteroffer to keep WEWS and WXYZ was met with a demand by Scripps that WMAR, WFTS and KNXV also link with ABC.[66]: 16
The demand came at the expense of two equally long-standing ABC affiliates: WJZ-TV had been with the network since 1948[67] while KTVK emerged in the 1980s as a market leader for local news, albeit family-owned and not part of a larger chain.[68][69] ABC offered $25 million to Scripps to exclude KNXV, which was rejected in what ABC executive Bryce Rathbone stated as Scripps "[having] a gun to their head".[66]: 16 Announced on June 15, 1994, the ABC-Scripps agreement included all three stations Scripps demanded join the network, along with WEWS and WXYZ.[70][71] For WFTS, the announcement came with an expedited buildout of a news department,[72] with local newscasts debuting the day of their switch.[73] The other displaced Fox affiliate, KSHB, affiliated with NBC as a replacement for WDAF-TV.[74] ABC later signed an unrelated affiliation deal with WCPO-TV in September 1995, taking effect on June 3, 1996.[75]
In October 1995, Comcast announced the purchase of Scripps' cable provider operation.[76]
In March 1996, KSHB owner Scripps Howard Broadcasting reached a deal to manage KMCI under a local marketing agreement.[77] That August,[78] KMCI then dropped much of its home shopping programming and rebranded as "38 Family Greats", with a family-oriented general entertainment format from 6:00 a.m. to midnight, with HSN programming being relegated to the overnight hours. The new KMCI lineup included an inventory of programs that KSHB owned but had not had time to air after it switched to NBC in 1994.[79]
Exercising an option from the 1996 pact with Miller,[77] Scripps bought KMCI outright for $14.6 million in 2000, forming a legal duopoly with KSHB.[80] In 1998, the company sold Scripps Howard Productions, and Cinetel Productions was renamed to Scripps Productions.[49]
2000–2008: The Shop at Home era
Scripps also previously owned the Shop at Home Network from 2000 until 2006. Shop at Home in turn owned five television stations, all as a division of its cable network division managed separately from the company's traditional commercial network affiliate stations.
Attempts to use Shop at Home as a complementary service to Food Network and HGTV by selling products connected to personalities of those networks were middling compared to competitors QVC and HSN. On May 22, 2006, Scripps announced that it was to cease operations of the network and intended to sell each of Shop at Home's five owned and operated television stations.[81]Jewelry Television eventually acquired Shop at Home, but Scripps still intended to sell its affiliated stations (Jewelry Television discontinued most Shop at Home operations in March 2008). On September 26, 2006, Scripps announced that it was selling its Shop at Home TV stations to New York City-based Multicultural Television for $170 million.[82]
After a test launch at WFTS-TV in 2009, Scripps television stations launched YouTube channels in 2010. These are similar to YouTube channels operated by Hearst Television and LIN Television.
On October 3, 2011, Scripps announced it was purchasing all seven television stations owned by The McGraw-Hill Companies for $212 million; the sale is a result of McGraw-Hill's decision to exit the broadcasting industry to focus on its other core properties, including its publishing unit.[85] This deal was approved by the FTC on October 31[86] and the FCC on November 29.[87] The deal was completed on December 30, 2011.[88]
On February 10, 2014, Scripps announced it has reached a deal to acquire Buffalo ABC affiliate WKBW-TV and Detroit MyNetworkTV affiliate WMYD for $110 million.[89] The sale was approved by the FCC on May 2, 2014, and was completed on June 16, 2014. This deal has created a duopoly between WMYD and ABC affiliate WXYZ-TV.
On July 30, 2014, Scripps and Journal Communications announced that the two companies would merge and spin-off their newspaper assets.[31] The deal created a broadcast group under the E. W. Scripps Company name and retaining the Cincinnati headquarters, and a newspaper company based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, under the Journal Media Group name.[32] The FCC approved the deal on December 12, 2014, and it was approved by shareholders on March 11, 2015.[33] The merger and spinoff were completed on April 1, 2015.[34][35] In turn, Journal Media Group was acquired by Gannett Company on April 8, 2016. Gannett had also shed their television and broadcast operations into a spin-off, Tegna, months after the Scripps-Journal merger.
On January 25, 2018, it was announced that Scripps had placed its radio station unit for sale. The divestiture of these stations – which were acquired through the company's 2015 acquisition of Journal Communications – would result in the separation of Scripps's television stations in Tulsa, Omaha, Milwaukee, Boise and Tucson from their co-owned radio clusters (in the case of Tulsa, KJRH-TV would be separated from KFAQ for the second time; the two stations, then using the shared KVOO callsign, were first split up in 1970, when Central Plains Enterprises sold the then-KVOO-TV to Scripps).[90] In June 2018, Griffin Communications reached a deal to buy the Scripps Tulsa radio cluster. The sale was completed on July 28, 2018. In July 2018, Good Karma Brands reached a deal to buy the Scripps Milwaukee radio cluster. The sale was completed on November 1, 2018.
On October 29, 2018, Cordillera Communications announced that it would sell all but one of its television stations to Scripps. KVOA in Tucson, Arizona is not included in the deal as Scripps already owns KGUN-TV and KWBA in that market, and Cordillera will concurrently sell KVOA to Quincy Media.[93] The FCC approved the sale on April 5, 2019,[94] and the sale was completed on May 1.[95]
On September 24, 2020, Scripps announced the acquisition of American media company Ion Media, including its networks, Ion Television, Ion Plus, Qubo, and Ion Shop for $2.65 billion.[108]
Scripps finally completed its sale of WPIX to Mission Broadcasting on December 30, 2020, which will also allow the company to keep three of the Ion stations that were slated to be sold to a new company, Inyo Broadcast Holdings. The sales of WPPX-TV in Philadelphia, KKPX-TV in San Francisco and KPXM-TV in Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota were contingent on whether or not the sale of WPIX would close and be finalized before Scripps completed its acquisition of Ion Media.[109][110]
Scripps Sports (2022–present)
In late 2022, Scripps created an in-house sports division with the intent of offering its local stations or Ion to teams and leagues as an alternative to the fledgling regional sports network.[111] The division, eventually called Scripps Sports, announced on April 20, 2023, a deal with ION and the WNBA for a broadcast package airing on Friday nights during the regular season, with "WNBA Friday Night Spotlight on ION" featuring both national and regional telecasts. It marked the WNBA's first agreement with an over-the-air broadcast network other than ABC since 2002, the last year of NBC's tenure as the league's primary broadcast partner.
On May 4, 2023, Scripps Sports announced a deal with a professional sports franchise, the NHL's Vegas Golden Knights, with ION affiliate KMCC serving as the flagship of a regional network of stations that would broadcast all non-exclusive regular-season games beginning with the 2023-24 season. KMCC will also shed its ION affiliation and rebrand as an independent station.[112]
Television stations
Stations are arranged alphabetically by state and by city of license.
An orange background indicates a station acquired from Ion Media and currently in the Ion Media unit of Katz Broadcasting (d/b/a Scripps Networks), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Scripps.
(**) – Indicates station was built and signed on by Scripps.
Scripps also operates the national (US) spelling bee. The final competition is in Washington, DC, and it is broadcast on Ion Television and Bounce TV. Lower levels are organized by the school, then county and eventually to the final competition.
^Osborne, Kevin (February 21, 2007). "Cover Story: The Light Dims". Cincinnati CityBeat. Cincinnati, Ohio: Lightborne Publishing. Retrieved August 28, 2011. The corporate motto for Cincinnati-based media chain E.W. Scripps Co. is a quote from Ella: 'Give light and the people will find their own way', which the lighthouse logo has come to symbolize.
^Booker, M. Keith. "United Feature Syndicate," in Comics through Time: A History of Icons, Idols, and Ideas: A History of Icons, Idols, and Ideas (ABC-CLIO, 2014), p. 399.
^Booker, M. Keith. "United Feature Syndicate," in Comics through Time: A History of Icons, Idols, and Ideas (ABC-CLIO, 2014), p. 399.
^"United Feature Syndicate Buys Metropolitan Service From Elser: Both Firms Will Retain Separate Identities, With Elser Remaining as Vice-President — Monte Bourjaily to Direct Both Organizations," Editor & Publisher (March 15, 1930). Archived at "News of Yore 1930: Another Syndicate Gobbled,"Stripper's Guide (May 4, 2010).
^ ab
Carr, David (August 11, 2014). "Print Is Down, and Now Out: Media Companies Spin Off Newspapers, to Uncertain Futures". The New York Times. p. B1. Archived from the original on August 11, 2014. Turns out, not so much – quite the opposite, really. The Washington Post seems fine, but recently, in just over a week, three of the biggest players in American newspapers – Gannett, Tribune Company and E. W. Scripps, companies built on print franchises that expanded into television – dumped those properties like yesterday's news in a series of spinoffs.
^East Tennessee Historical Society, Lucile Deaderick (editor), Heart of the Valley: A History of Knoxville, Tennessee (Knoxville, Tenn.: East Tennessee Historical Society, 1976), p. 298.
^Foisie, Geoffrey (May 30, 1994). "Fox and the New World order"(PDF). Broadcasting & Cable. Vol. 124, no. 22. pp. 6, 8. Archived(PDF) from the original on July 25, 2020. Retrieved April 25, 2013 – via World Radio History.
^Foisie, Geoffrey (May 30, 1994). "Fox and the New World order"(PDF). Broadcasting & Cable. Vol. 124, no. 22. pp. 6, 8. Archived(PDF) from the original on July 25, 2020. Retrieved April 25, 2013 – via World Radio History.
^McClellan, Steve (June 6, 1994). "Counterstrike: CBS targets Scripps"(PDF). Broadcasting & Cable. Vol. 124, no. 23. pp. 6, 8. Archived(PDF) from the original on November 8, 2021. Retrieved October 5, 2022 – via World Radio History.
^ abMiller, William (October 29, 1995). "Declaration of William Miller". Comments of Southern Broadcast Corporation of Sarasota. Federal Communications Commission. Archived from the original on June 30, 2021. Retrieved March 16, 2021.
^Walker, Dave (June 16, 1994). "ABC drops Ch. 3 after 40 years". Arizona Republic. Phoenix, Arizona. p. A1, A15. Archived from the original on December 26, 2021. Retrieved December 25, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
^Belcher, Walt (June 17, 1994). "TV stations focus on change". Tampa Tribune. pp. 1, 10. Archived from the original on February 5, 2022. Retrieved January 30, 2021.
^McClellan, Steve (August 1, 1994). "Keeping up with the affiliates"(PDF). Broadcasting & Cable. Vol. 124, no. 31. p. 11. Archived(PDF) from the original on January 31, 2023. Retrieved May 4, 2023 – via World Radio History.
US$2.28 billion (2021)
US$123 million (2021)
