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((Short description|Purported hybrid ape))
((refimprove|date=April 2012))
((Hybridbox/lua
| name = Koolakamba
| image = File:312 of 'Adventures in the Great Forest of Equatorial Africa and the country of the dwarfs .. An abridged ... edition ... With ... illustrations' (11115154186).jpg
| image_alt = 
| image_caption = The head of the kooloo-kamba Paul Du Chaillu shot in 1858.
| parent = Homininae
| genus1 = Pan
| species1 = sp.
| link1 = Pan (genus)
| genus2 = Gorilla
| species2 = sp.
| link2 = Gorilla
))
[[File:Kooloo-kamba skull (Du Chaillu, 1890 p287).jpg|thumb|The skull of the kooloo-kamba Du Chaillu shot in 1858.]]
[[File:Ovenga River (Spezial-Karte von Afrika, Habenicht 1892).jpg|thumb|Map of Gabon from 1892 with the Ovenga River highlighted.]]

The '''Koolakamba''' or '''Kooloo-Kamba''' is a purported [[Hybrid (biology)|hybrid]] species of [[Pan (genus)|chimpanzee]]s and [[gorilla]]s. This alleged hybrid [[ape]] species has been reported in Africa as early as the mid 19th century. No empirical evidence has been found to substantiate the existence of the creature. The ''Koolakamba'' was referenced in the mid-19th century in French work by Franquet (1852, as cited by Shea, 1984) and in some descriptive work of [[Paul Du Chaillu]] from 1860, 1861, 1867, and 1899, some of which was republished in 1969 (Explorations and Adventures in Equatorial Africa).<ref>((cite web|url=http://pin.primate.wisc.edu/aboutp/myths/koola.html |title=Primate Info Net: Koolakamba |publisher=Pin.primate.wisc.edu |date=2008-09-11 |access-date=2012-04-11))</ref>

== Origins of the name ==
Du Chaillu refers to the ape as ''Koolakamba'' based upon his description of words used by the indigenous peoples (Nkomi and [[Bakalai]]) in the region of the [[Ovenga River]] of West Central Africa, modernly Gabon. The people of Goumbi allegedly referred to the ape as "Kooloo" because that is what its unique vocalization, quite unlike the vocalizations of other apes in the region, sounded like to them. "Kamba", according to DuChaillu, is a Commi (Nkomi) word meaning "to speak".<ref>Paul B. Du Chaillu, [Descriptions of ten new species of mammals discovered by him in western equatorial Africa] in ''Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History'' Volume 7 (1860) page 360.</ref><ref>Paul B. Du Chaillu, ''Explorations and Adventures in Equatorial Africa'' (1861) page 269 (page 314 in later editions).</ref>

== Description and distinguishing features ==
The ''Koolakamba'' is believed to be larger, flatter-faced, larger-skulled and more bipedal than a chimp; though, it may also be a mutation.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.messybeast.com/genetics/hybrid-primates.htm |title=Hybrid Primates |publisher=Messybeast.com |date=1927-02-28 |access-date=2012-04-11))</ref>((Better source example|date=August 2021))
According to DuChaillu (1861 and 1869), the physical characteristics described for ''Koolakamba'' include a short and broad pelvic structure, large supraorbital ridge, high zygomatic ridges, less prominent "muzzle", dentition in which the upper and lower incisors meet squarely forming a grinding surface, and a larger cranial capacity than that of the common chimpanzee. Much of what DuChaillu records is essentially ethnographic. He includes the indigenous names and lore relevant to the ape, descriptive text, and presumably accurate illustrations, but limited quantitative (mostly anthropometric) data.

== Discussion ==
Although there has not been a documented sighting of the ''Koolakamba'' or proof of its existence in modern times, in 1881 Koppenfelds claimed that it did indeed exist: “I believe it is proved that there are crosses between the male ''Troglodytes gorilla'' and the female ''Troglodytes niger'', but for reasons easily understood, there are none in the opposite direction. I have in my possession positive proof of this. This settles all the questions about the gorilla, chimpanzee, Kooloo Kamba,....etc.”

In November 1996, a picture of an unusual ape (taken by [[Peter Jenkins (travel author)|Peter Jenkins]] and Liza Gadsby at the Yaounde Zoo, Cameroon) was featured in the ''Newsletter of the Internal Primate Protection League'' (IPPL). This picture showed a seemingly hybrid ape with wider face and a larger skull than that of a chimpanzee and smaller than that of a gorilla. The ape in the picture had features that seemed to belong to both the gorilla and the chimpanzee.<ref>((cite journal|url=http://scienceblogs.com/tetrapodzoology/2009/12/31/yaounde-zoo-mystery-ape/ |title=The Yaounde Zoo mystery ape and the status of the Kooloo-Kamba : Tetrapod Zoology |journal=Evolution |volume=64 |issue=1 |pages=271–290 |doi=10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00858.x |pmid=19804402 |access-date=2012-04-11|year=2010 |last1=Ackermann |first1=Rebecca Rogers |last2=Bishop |first2=Jacqueline M. |s2cid=19353856 ))</ref>

Scientifically, it has not been determined if the ''Koolakamba'' is a subspecies of chimpanzee, a gorilla-chimpanzee hybrid, or perhaps simply a product of individual variation. Yerkes reported several "unclassifiable apes" with features intermediate between chimpanzee and gorilla in his 1929 book "A Study of Anthropoid Life." It is believed that these are regional races of chimpanzee classified as separate species by over-enthusiastic scientists.

== See also ==
* [[Bili ape]]
* [[Humanzee]]
* [[Oliver the chimpanzee]]

== References ==
((Reflist))

((Great ape language))
((Mammal hybrids))

[[Category:Apes]]
[[Category:Central African legendary creatures]]
[[Category:Hominid cryptids]]
[[Category:Legendary mammals]]
[[Category:Intergeneric hybrids]]

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