Limoniastrum monopetalum | |
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Species: | L. monopetalum
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Binomial name | |
Limoniastrum monopetalum | |
Synonyms[1] | |
Bubania monopetala (L.) Girard Statice monopetala L. |
Limoniastrum monopetalum ('Grand statice'), is a species of flowering plant in the family Plumbaginaceae that is native to between Europe, Northern Africa and Western Asia. It has
It has
It is an ornamental deciduous shrub that grows to 1 metre in height, with pale blue plumbago-like flowers appearing in autumn as the leaves start to turn red.[2]
A small shrub, much branched, branch ends terete, conspicuously grey, to 1 m high; common in the desert zone, often on unstable sand; of the north and south coasts of the Mediterranean, and penetrating the Sahara along the northernmost limits of the W Afr[3]
long thread-like and tufted fine roots (ephemeral roots produced in a wet season and vanish afterwards) the wide spread of the roots helps the plant withstand the high salinity conditions. they can also travel down to at least 50cm to reach the water table. [4]
Limoniastrum monopetalum A shrublet , belonging to the family Plumbaginaceae , with a whitish grey aspect . Its stiff, narrowly spathulate leaves and the branches are densely beset with white calcareous tubercles . It is a cushion plant , an [5]
Foliage: Evergreen, Smooth Foliage Color; Bronze Height: 36-48 in. (90-120 cm) Bloom Color: Lavender Bloom Time: Mid Spring, Late Spring/Early Summer[6]
Sub-shrub glaucous and scaly, very branchy. Stemmed leaves leathery, more or less petiolate, not auriculate. Inflorescences with articulated rachis. Pink or pale flowers. Corolla funnel-shaped, with entire lobes. Styles welded to the middle. Calyx without ribs, with 5 sharp teeth. Woody, halophilic plant. R Aude and Hérault coast. Naturalized Var, Alpes Maritimes, Corsica.[7]
In this study, ten kinds of leaf extracts were used to examine the effect of extraction solvent system with varying polarities on polyphenol contents and DPPH scavenging activity. Then the superoxide scavenging activity and the reducing power of the most promising solvent extracts were evaluated too. Moreover, the efficiency of the best leaf extract has been investigated against pathogenic bacteria and yeast. Eventually leaf extract was hydrolyzed by acid and the phenolics identified by RP-HPLC. Results showed that phenolic contents and antioxidant activities varied considerably as function of solvent polarity. Leaf extract using pure methanol showed the highest polyphenol content (15.85mg GAE/g DW). Moreover, antiradical capacities against DPPH. [8][9]
The phytoremediation potential of the halophyte Limoniastrum monopetalum for the removal of Cd and Pb from polluted sites is assessed in this work.
Analysis of the salt excretion crystals on the leaf surface confirmed that wild and cultivated ornamental L. monopetalum excrete cadmium and lead through their salt glands as a possible metal detoxification mechanism, although the amount excreted by the ornamental L. monopetalum is significantly less.
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an evergreen shrub inhabiting the Mediterranean region, has well-documented phytoremediation potential for metal removal from polluted sites. [10]
Due to its fleshy, silvery blue-green leaves and its impressive bright pink, drying violet, inflorescences during summer,[11]
It is known in Mali as 'zeïta' and 'zita' in Arabic.[3]
It has the common name of 'Grand statice',[7] this from its previous name.
The Latin specific epithet monopetalum refers to 'mono' and 'petal' meaning one petal.[12]
Using an earlier description by Carl Linneaus when he had named it as Statice monopetala in his book Species Plantarum in 1753.[13] After the genus Statice was re-classified as 'Limoniastrum', it was then first published as Limoniastrum monopetalum (L.) Boiss by Pierre Edmond Boissier in 'Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis' Vol.12 on page 689 in 1848.[1][14]
It was verified by United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service on 9 August 1995, as Limoniastrum monopetalum,[15] and it is an RHS Accepted name and was last-listed in the RHS Plant Finder in 2016.[16]
L. monopetalum is native to temperate areas between Europe, Northern Africa and Western Asia.[15]
It is found in Europe, in the Mediterranean countries of Portugal,[16][17] Spain, France, Greece,Cite error: A <ref>
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Since 1995, it has been found in the Canary Islands.[18]
In Egypt, it is found on the dunes of the salt marsh around Lake Manzala and Lake Mariut, on the west Mediterranean coast and also the salt marshes near Sallum.[19]
Primary production and nutrient content in two salt marsh species, Atriplex portulacoides L. and Limoniastrum monopetalum L., in Southern Portugal [17]
Description The Limoniastrum is a type of perennial plant that is usually found in mountainous and solar areas without great vegetation.[20]
Limoniastrum monopetalum is a perennial halophyte growing at different habitats along the Mediterranean Sea coast of Egypt. The morpho-anatomical and physiological responses was investigated for L. monopetalum leaves collected from; wet salt marshes, coastal sand dunes and rocky ridges habitats. [21]
It appears on the List of plant species protected throughout mainland France.[22][23]
Water Requirements: Drought-tolerant; suitable for xeriscaping Sun Exposure: Full Sun Spacing: 4-6 ft. (1.2-1.8 m) Hardiness: USDA Zone 10a: to -1.1 °C (30 °F) - USDA Zone 11: above 4.5 °C (40 °F) Soil pH requirements: 6.6 to 7.5 (neutral) - 7.6 to 7.8 (mildly alkaline)[6]
Rooting and establishment of Limoniastrum monopetalum (L.) Boiss stem-tip cuttings[11]
Limoniastrum monopetalum (L.) Boiss (Statice monopetala L., Plumbaginaceae) is a small, evergreen shrub, with much-branched, leafy stems, native in coastal sands and salt marshes in southern Greece and other Mediterranean countries (Blamey and Grey-Wilson, 1993). it is used as an ornamental plant recently.[11] Its adaptation to a variety of environmental stresses like salinity, water deficit, intense radiation or high temperatures (Neves et al., 2008) and its growth on soil poor in organic matter content (Salama, 2007), make
Cuttings collected in winter or spring rooted at higher percentages than those collected in summer or autumn
L. monopetalum an ideal plant for xeriscaping and landscape architecture in semi-arid Mediterranean areas, especially in poor, saline, neglected or degraded soils. Its ecological value, as sand accumulator, salt tolerant, windbreak (Salama, 2007) and inhibitor of soil erosion should not be ignored, while it can grow in oil-contaminated soils (Hussein and Terry, 2002) and has the potential of phytoremediation of heavy metals from polluted sites (Cambrollé et al., 2013; Manousaki et al., 2014). L. monopetalum is rich in nutritive values and thus mass production of its vegetative yield could be raw material for fodder industries (Neves et al., 2007; Zahran and El-Amier, 2013). Moreover it is rich in phenolics, so it could constitute a source of natural antioxidants for human consumption, as well as for agro-food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries (Trabelsi et al., 2010, 2012, 2013)[11]
Botanical name Limoniastrum monopetalum 'Carnaval'
Other names Statice monopetala, Bubania monopetala, Grand statice 'Carnaval', Shrubby statice 'Carnaval'
Genus Limoniastrum Variety or Cultivar 'Carnaval' _ 'Carnaval' is a mound-forming, frost hardy, evergreen subshrub with fleshy, spoon-shaped to narrowly lance-shaped, grey-green leaves and magenta flowers from early summer to early autumn.[24]
Limoniastrum monopetalum is a traditional medicinal species which a leaf infusion exhibits anti-dysenteric properties against infectious diseases.[8] It and Limoniastrum guyonianum have been studied for antioxidant status.[25]
(camels, stock) Agri-horticulture: fodder (gypsum, salt) Agri-horticulture: indicators (soil, water) Products: fuel and lighting[3]
The galls are used in southern Tunisia for tanning leather and dyeing hair. The infusion of galls and leaf is used against infectious or parasitic disease causing a painful and bloody diarrhea.[26] Limoniastrum monopetalum and Limoniastrum guyonianum have pastoral importance, especially for camels during the winter.[27]
The shrub is also an ecological habitat of a large number of insects such as Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera (including Oecocecis guyonella, Acalyptris limoniastri),as the larvae feed on the plant and they create a gall on a branch, in which to pupate.[25]
(El-Hammra station, the main crude oil pipeline terminal in Al-Alamein) is contaminated with crude oil spill as a result of activities from refineries, oilfield blowouts, tanker and pipeline break-ups. This area, prior to contamination, was dominated by different common halophytes. However, Limoniastrum monopetalum is now the only species found growing in the oil-contaminated soil.[28]
The phytoremediation potential of the halophyte Limoniastrum monopetalum for the removal of Cd and Pb from polluted sites is assessed in this work. Analysis of the salt excretion crystals on the leaf surface confirmed that wild and cultivated ornamental L. monopetalum excrete cadmium and lead through their salt glands as a possible metal detoxification mechanism, although the amount excreted by the ornamental L. monopetalum is significantly less. [29]
this study may explain the way that L. monopetalum populations established on the crude oil polluted soil and vigorous vegetative growth of adult plants.[30]